Alberta's Solar PV Value Chain sows Opportunities ENERGY CONSULTING Acknowledgements Solas Energy Consulting would like to extend gratitude to the following industry associations and organizations for their support on the development of this report: • • • Solar Energy Society of Alberta Canadian Solar Industry Association This project was funded by Alberta Economic Development and Trade Prepared by: Jackie Gallagher Caitlin Lopez, P.Eng, Go Productivity Jason Mah, E.I.T. Adrienne McGarrigle, B.A. Paula McGarrigle P.Eng. MBA Leonard Olien, M.Sc. Graphic Designer: Western Sky Creative Delivered to: Mr. Rob Harlan Solar Energy Society of Alberta Document Purpose This study provides a concise description of the solar PV industry in Alberta to date, and it highlights opportunities for investment and training that would enable the industry to fulfill requirements for 30 percent renewable energy, including solar PV, by 2030. Document History Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities Version 1.0 2.0 3.0 Date 26 August 2018 31 October 2018 30 November 2018 Comments Draft for Peer Review Final Draft to Client Updated final Draft to Client Disclaimer While this document is believed to contain correct information, Solas Energy Consulting Inc. (“SOLAS”) does not make any warranty, either expressed or implied, nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for accuracy, completeness, methodology, usefulness, reliability, or current status of any material contained in this document (“Report”), nor shall SOLAS assume any liability with respect to any matter or information referred to or contained in the Report, nor shall any person relying on the Report (“Recipient”) or any party to whom the Recipient provides the Report or information have any claim against SOLAS arising out of such Report. The interpretation of this or any other data or report related to this project is solely the responsibility of the client. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary Alberta’s iconic blue skies provide a solar resource similar to that of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil1 . According to the International Energy Agency, from 1990 to 2016, solar photovoltaic (PV) had an annual growth rate of 43 percent2. Global solar PV’s growth rate is projected to be 20 percent compound annual growth from 2016 to 20223. While the Oil and Gas sector is significantly larger than solar PV, the global growth rate forecast for solar PV is over four times the growth rate predicted for western Canada’s oil production over the same time frame. This study examines the solar PV value chain for both rooftop and ground-mount applications, Alberta’s current strengths in the solar PV sector, and the opportunities for Alberta to capture new business from its growing PV market through to 2030. This study also identifies predicted employment opportunities and existing training capabilities for Albertans. This study builds on Solas’ 2017 report, Alberta Solar Market Outlook — A View to 20304, which estimated Alberta’s potential for deploying behind-the-meter, distribution-connected, and transmissionconnected solar PV. This study identifies opportunities in the Alberta solar PV value chain to provide government, investors, and job seekers with the information necessary to prepare for long-term opportunities created by the move to cleaner electricity generation. This analysis captures purely conventional applications of solar PV (rooftop and ground-mount PV) and does not include the opportunity value from other applications of technologies, such as energy storage, building-integrated solar PV, nanotechnology, and other emerging solar PV technologies. Although there are potential export market opportunities, Solas did not evaluate the export opportunity to the rest of Canada or the USA as part of this study. Today, 32 percent of wind power ownership in Canada is by Alberta-based companies5. Solar PV could follow suit. https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/18366 www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/RenewablesInformation2017Overview.pdf, Page 7. 3 International Energy Agency, “Renewables 2017 Executive Summary” (report, France, 2017), 5. 4 P. McGarrigle, L. Olien, C. Chiu, Alberta Solar Market Outlook — A View to 2030, Version 5.0, November 25, 2017. 5 https://www.calgaryeconomicdevelopment.com/dmsdocument/135 1 2 Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 4 Today, Alberta has a small but growing solar PV industry with 42.7 MWDC deployed, 50% of which is on rooftops . 6 The Solas 2017 study identified an increasing role for solar power in the future Alberta energy mix. The Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO) in its Long-Term Outlook also has identified an increasing role for utility-scale solar PV by 20307. The solar PV value chain is a global industry in the manufacturing and deployment of solar PV systems. The technology, while commercially deployed, continues to enjoy rapid evolutionary changes. Solar PV costs have decreased, and the average levelized cost of energy is expected to decrease by 25 percent by 2022 from 2018 costs8. The Lazard study indicated that the levelized cost of energy for solar PV today is on par with natural gas power in many US states9. Based on Solas analysis of existing deployment in 2018. https://www.aeso.ca/grid/forecasting/ 8 https://www.iea.org/renewables2018/ 9 https://www.lazard.com/media/450436/rehcd3.jpg 6 7 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Historically in Canada, Ontario attracted solar module assembly through enforced local content requirements and a high internal demand. Alberta’s local demand is unlikely to attract investment in polysilicon manufacturing, silicon cells, or solar PV module assembly. Some manufacturing facilities left Ontario after its policy ended. Racking and electrical components may offer some potential investment opportunities for manufacturers to service both the oil and gas market and the solar PV market. Further research is required to identify specific opportunities. There are many Alberta-based companies that are contributing to the solar PV value chain. As of June 2018, the Solar Energy Society of Alberta (SESA) has more than 305 companies listed, of which 278 are Alberta-based. Most of these companies (83 percent) are focused on rooftop installation of solar PV. A review of both the Canadian Solar Industry Association and SESA directories demonstrates that the remaining companies are either Canadian or international companies that are headquartered in Ontario, Canada. Solas based its analysis of market size for each component of the value chain on the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland’s report, Ireland Solar Value Chain Opportunity (2017) (SEAI 2017 Study). The SEAI 2017 Study provides detailed allocation of value in the solar PV value chain. By assessing the Alberta solar PV investment from 2019 to 2030 that is distributed across the life cycle and services within the value chain, it is possible to estimate the market value proposition for Alberta businesses in each area. The Alberta Solar PV Market Value was calculated using the deployment scenario from the Solas 2017 report (3,261 MWDC between 2019 and 2030). The Alberta Solar PV Market Value is comprised of three aspects: Alberta’s Current Capacity based on current strengths; Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value where Alberta could grow its capacity and resources to access more of the solar PV value chain; and External Value, which is made of up goods and services that are unlikely to be sourced in Alberta. Solas identified the Alberta Solar PV Market Value at $4.1 billion with 3,261 MWDC between 2019 and 2030. The Alberta Solar PV Market Value accounts for the forecasted decline in the solar PV module cost. Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 6 The three aspects of the solar PV market are valued as follows: • • • Alberta’s Current Capacity ($0.63 billion) accounts for 15 percent of the Alberta Solar PV Market Value; Growth Opportunity Value ($2.47 billion) accounts for 60 percent; and External Value ($1.04 billion) accounts for 25 percent of Alberta’s Solar PV Market Value. Solas identified the life stage breakdown of the Alberta Solar PV Market Value. (See Table 1.) The six life stages are development, design, manufacturing, installation, operations and maintenance, and decommissioning. The life stages are valued as follows: • • • • • Almost 60 percent of the Alberta Solar PV Market Value is focused on manufacturing ($2.30 billion). Together, the development and design life stages account for 20 percent of the value ($0.81 billion). Installation life stage accounts for 17 percent of the value ($0.70 billion). Operations and maintenance accounts for seven percent of the value ($0.28 billion). By 2030, the decommissioning life stage does not have any value since none of the solar PV deployed in Alberta will be decommissioned at that time. The manufacturing life stage includes solar cell manufacturing, solar module unit assembly, mounting system manufacturing, and balance of system. Solas identified solar cell manufacturing and solar module unit assembly as unlikely to be produced in Alberta. This External Value was assessed at $1.0 billion from 2019 to 2030. Life Stage Alberta’s Current Capacity ($M) Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value ($M) External Value ($M) Alberta Solar PV Market Value ($M) Development $113 $406 $0 $519 Finance and commercial, technical advisory, legal Design $162 $131 $0 $294 Site and system design Key Areas of Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Mounting systems manufacturing and balance-of-system components manufacturing, such as inverters, metering systems, transformers, combiners, optimizers, and conduit Manufacturing $5 $1,299 $1,043 $2,347 Installation $324 $377 $0 $701 Electrical works and project construction management Operations and maintenance $28 $255 $0 $283 Inspections, routine operations and maintenance, component replacement TOTAL $632 $2,468 $1,043 $4,143 Table 1: Alberta Solar PV Market Value between 2019–2030 and Growth Opportunities 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Priority Areas Solas identified three priority areas where there is significant value and where Alberta is best positioned: 1. Increasing capacity in conventional value chain contributions — Alberta has the opportunity to provide goods and services in development, design, installation, and maintenance for solar PV. This capacity includes services such as technical advisory, system and site design, legal, and financial services. Increasing Alberta’s capacity will allow Albertans to access greater market value rather than these services being imported from other provinces or internationally. 2. Diversifying Alberta’s manufacturing base — Alberta has an opportunity to diversify its existing manufacturing base to support the growing solar PV sector. Higher-value services and equipment such as racking, trackers, combiner boxes, medium-voltage cables, optimizers, inverters, and transformers offer a strong match with Alberta’s skill sets and higher labour rates. 3. Focusing on emerging technology — Alberta has an opportunity to continue focusing on emerging innovative and wider solar PV value chain opportunities, such as nanotechnology and energy storage, and ensuring that solar PV and energy storage is part of engineering curriculum options in Alberta. Solas’ analysis identified that the jobs in deployment and operations of almost 3.2 GWDC of solar PV in Alberta will grow to over 8,800 annual full-time equivalent jobs (FTEs) by 2030. Of these positions, 41 percent must be from locally sourced employment. Types of labour essential for locally sourced employment include permitting, installation, and operation and maintenance. Alberta’s talent pool is considerable; however, it is new to the solar PV sector. Additional training is required to transition the workforce. Alberta has 16 training providers for the solar sector. Several of the training programs focus on designing and installing rooftop solar PV. The remaining programs are more general and pertain to sustainability or introducing solar PV at a basic level. Only one solar PV program is available to train homeowners on solar PV for their residences. There are educational gaps in training for utility-scale renewable energy or utility-scale solar PV and project development. These gaps could be closed through on-the-job training or courses that focus on utility-scale renewable energy development, operations and maintenance, and financial and commercial aspects. Introductory training in these areas can help diversify Alberta’s educated labour force. Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING Next Steps Alberta has an opportunity to be part of the global solar PV industry. Focusing only on Alberta’s potential demand would be a missed opportunity. There are multiple actions required for Alberta to seize its own potential internal demand for solar PV and to play an active role in the growing global market. Next steps include the following: • Continuing to foster solar PV forums such as seminars, networking sessions, and conferences in Alberta that integrate industry and research communities on a regular basis. • Continuing a stable and predictable solar PV market for Alberta businesses to advance their knowledge and experience and to support export opportunities for products and services into the global solar PV market. • Identifying manufacturing diversification opportunities and maintaining a market that is welcoming to solar PV component manufacturers. Supporting businesses and new entrants that re-train Albertans who have transferable skills. • Ensuring that Albertans and Alberta’s decision-makers and policy-makers have access to quality information on solar PV technology to help inform investment decisions, given that solar PV is one of the most important energy sources in the next century. • Providing training that helps leverage experienced personnel with transferable skills to apply their talents in solar PV. • Ensuring that engineering curricula have options for materials research in energy storage and solar PV in Alberta. • Reducing and removing barriers to deployment of solar PV within Alberta and exploring financing programs for residential, commercial, and industrial customers. Barriers were identified in the Solas 2017 study and include commercial/industrial roof suitability, project economics, access to low-cost financing, increasing capacity and industry capability, and lack of programs for community solar. 8 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 2 Solar PV Value Chain Assessment ............................................................................................................ 15 3 Economic Impact ................................................................................................................................................. 22 3.1 Market Value for Each Value Chain Component ...........................................................................................................26 3.2 Alberta’s Current Solar Value Chain and Capacity to Capture Potential Market Value .................................27 3.3 The Value of Increased Market Share of Solar PV with Alberta’s Existing Solar PV Capabilities ................30 3.4 Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value .................................................................................................................................31 4 Job Opportunities............................................................................................................................................... 33 4.1 Potential Solar PV Jobs ..........................................................................................................................................................35 4.2 Minimum Required Alberta-Based Solar PV Jobs .........................................................................................................37 4.3 Existing Alberta-Based Solar PV Talent ............................................................................................................................38 5 Training Assessment ......................................................................................................................................... 39 6 Priorities................................................................................................................................................................... 42 7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................. 44 8 Appendices ............................................................................................................................................................. 45 Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING Table of Contents Figures Figure 1: Rooftop Solar PV Value Chain ......................................................................................................................................................18 Figure 2: Ground-mount Solar PV Value Chain .........................................................................................................................................19 Figure 3: Rooftop Solar PV Expenditure by Life Stage (%) ....................................................................................................................20 Figure 4: Ground-mount Solar PV Expenditure by Life Stage (%) ......................................................................................................20 Figure 5: Cumulative Alberta Solar PV Deployment by 2030 — Solas 2017 Study — Scenario E (MWDC)........................23 Figure 6: Cumulative Alberta Solar PV Market Value ($4.1 billion) Identified by Life Stage ($M) .........................................26 Figure 7: Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Market Value — Rooftop ($M) ...........................................................................................28 Figure 8: Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Market Value — Ground-mount ($M) .............................................................................29 Figure 9: Alberta’s Current Capacity to Access the Solar PV Market Value $632M (Rooftop and Ground-mount) from 2019 to 2030 ($M) ........................................................................................................................30 Figure 10: Alberta Solar PV Market Value ($4.1 Billion) Based on Scenario E Deployment of 3,261 MWDC by 2030 ($M, %) ........................................................................................................................................31 Figure 11: Alberta Solar PV Market Value Breakdown ..........................................................................................................................32 Tables Table 1: Alberta Solar PV Market Value between 2019–2030 and Opportunities for Growth ................................................. 6 Table 2: Cumulative Estimated Solar PV Market Value in Alberta by 2030 ....................................................................................25 Table 3: Estimated Alberta Solar PV Market Value in 2030 (Single Year) ........................................................................................25 Table 4: Examples of the Solar PV Specific Jobs ........................................................................................................................................35 Table 5: 2030 Full-Time Equivalent Jobs Generated for Developing, Designing, Manufacturing, and Installing Solar PV Rooftop and Ground-mount (Source: JEDI) ............................................36 Table 6: 2030 Full-Time Equivalent Jobs in Operations and Maintenance (Source: JEDI) ........................................................37 Table 7: Full-Time Equivalent Job and Minimum Local Job Requirements in 2030 ......................................................................37 Table 8: Rooftop Solar PV Courses — Design, Installation, and Commissioning ...........................................................................40 Table 9: Alberta-based Courses on Renewable Energy and Sustainability .....................................................................................41 Table 10: Cumulative Installed Capacity Outlook — Scenario E (MWDC) ......................................................................................46 Table 11: Alberta Solar PV Training Programs List...................................................................................................................................52 Table 12: Statistics Canada — Alberta Companies per NAICS Code .................................................................................................57 Table 13: Statistics Canada — Alberta Jobs by NOC Code ....................................................................................................................62 Appendices Appendix A Study Methodology Appendix B Alberta Solar Value Chain Participants Appendix C Alberta Solar PV Training Programs List Appendix D Solar PV Job Categories and NAICS Code where Relevant Appendix E Statistics Canada — Alberta Companies by NAICS Code Appendix F Statistics Canada — Alberta Employees by National Occupation Classification Code 10 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Glossary Abbreviation Term AC Alternating Current AESO Alberta Electric System Operator Balance of System (BOS) Balance of system (BOS) solar PV systems include components and equipment that move DC energy produced by the solar modules through a conversion system to AC electricity. Most often, BOS refers to components of a PV system other than modules. CanSIA Canadian Solar Industries Association Capex Capital Expenditure Collector system Electrical cabling that connects the inverter/transformers to the point of interconnection CSA Canadian Standards Association DC Direct Current FTE Full-Time Equivalent JEDI Jobs and Economic Development Impact model kWdc Kilowatts direct current Module Solar modules are designed to absorb the sun’s rays as a source of energy for generating electricity. These are used as a component of a larger PV system when connected with other modules. Sometimes this is referred to as a solar panel. MWdc Megawatts direct current NABCEP North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners NAICS North American Industry Classification System NAIT Northern Alberta Institute of Technology NOCS National Occupation Classification System NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory Meter Equipment that measures the amount of electric energy flowing. Piling Used to anchor ground-mounted solar arrays and includes drilled shaft piles, driven piles and helical piers or ground screws. Power inverter An electronic device that changes direct current to alternating current. Power optimizer Electronics that are DC/DC converters used to increase energy output from PV systems by tracking the maximum power point of each module individually. PV Photovoltaic Racking Photovoltaic mounting system used to fix solar modules to various surfaces such as roofs, building facades, or the ground. SAIT Southern Alberta Institute of Technology SEAI Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland SEI Solar Energy Institute SESA Solar Energy Society of Alberta SIC Solar Installers Canada Switch Equipment used to interrupt the flow of electrons in a circuit. Transformer Equipment that increases or decreases the voltage of the electricity within the solar PV facility Tracker Mechanical equipment used to rotate the solar modules to follow the sun’s arc using either one axis (single axis tracker) or two axes (dual axis trackers) Introduction 13 INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction Solar energy has a profound opportunity in Alberta and worldwide. Alberta’s iconic blue skies translate to tremendous solar resource. Globally, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has had rapid deployment and plummeting costs. De-carbonization policies, energy security policies, impressive improvements in the efficiency of technology, and cost declines for manufacturing have driven this global growth. The modular deployment ability for solar PV with short development timelines is attractive to investors. Between 2009 and 2017, the levelized cost of energy for utilityscale solar PV fell by 86 percent10. Solar PV has ranked first or second in new electric capacity additions in the US in each of the last 5 years11. In 2016, the cumulative capacity for solar PV worldwide reached almost 300 GW. Globally, utility-scale projects account for 55 percent of total PV installed capacity, and the remainder is residential, commercial, and off-grid12. Worldwide, solar PV deployment is expected to grow to 740 GW by 202213. This growth represents a staggering compound annual growth rate of 19.8 percent. For comparison, the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers expects Western Canada’s oil production to have a compound annual growth rate of 5.5 percent between 2016 and 202214. While the Oil and Gas sector is large compared to solar PV, global solar PV deployment is expected to grow at four times the rate of Western Canada’s oil production in the same time frame. The levelized cost of solar energy is also expected to continue to decrease by 25 percent between 2017 and 202215. Factors that affect solar PV costs include manufacturing cost declines, supply and demand, and tariffs affecting the price of aluminum, steel, and solar modules. Alberta’s solar resource is similar to Miami, Florida, or Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Geographically, the solar resource is slightly better in southern Alberta than in northern Alberta. Compared to warmer climates with similar solar resource, Alberta’s cooler temperatures are optimal for producing electricity from solar modules. Lazard, “Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis — Version 11.0” (report, 2017), 10. 11 https://www.seia.org/solar-industry-research-data 12 www.iea.org/topics/renewables/solar — Page referenced on July 17, 2018. 13 Ibid 10 Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, “June 2018 Crude Oil Forecast, Markets and Transportation” (report, Canada, 2018), Appendix A.1. 10 https://www.capp.ca/publications-and-statistics/crude-oil-forecast extracted on August 16, 2018. 15 International Energy Agency, “Renewables 2017 Executive Summary” (report, France, 2017), 5. 14 Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 14 While Alberta’s solar resource is exemplary, Alberta’s solar market is in its infancy, with 42.7 MWDC deployed as of June 2018. Of the installed capacity, 25.7 MW16 was installed under the micro-generation regulation in 2,481 locations behind the meter. Brooks Solar (17 MWDC) was recently commissioned as the first distribution-connected solar PV facility. As of August 2018, the Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO) project list had 86 solar PV projects, with a capacity of 4,547 MW. In September 2018, Alberta Infrastructure launched a request for proposals for solar PV for 135,000 MWh per year. Alberta’s government has issued the Climate Leadership Plan (CLP), which is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The Renewable Energy Act, a component of the CLP, established a target for the end of 2030 to produce at least 30 percent of its annual electricity from renewable energy resources within the province. This equates to over 5,000 MW of new renewable energy capacity deployed by 2030. To meet this requirement, the Minister of Energy has directed the AESO to procure large-scale renewable electricity generation. This procurement is done through a competitive process called the Renewable Electricity Program (REP). In addition, the government revamped the micro-generation regulation where installations of up to 5 MW can be built behind-the-fence. Micro-generation applications reduce the power delivered from the grid and reduce some of the non-energy charges from the electricity retailer. Micro-generation solar PV applications include residential, commercial, industrial, and farm. Solar PV that is outside of the micro-generation sector and not part of the REP can be sold through the Alberta Power Pool on a merchant basis or through bilateral contracts. Solar PV can be installed through rooftop or ground-mount applications. Rooftop applications are typically installed on residential, farm, commercial, and industrial sites and are used for supplying on-site load. Ground-mount solar PV can be distribution-connected (community generation) or transmission-connected (utility-scale). This report examines, in detail, the solar PV value chain for rooftop and ground-mount applications, Alberta’s strengths within it, and opportunities for Alberta businesses to capture value from a growing Alberta market. The study uses similar methodology to Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland’s Ireland Solar Value Chain Opportunity Study (2017) (SEAI 2017 Study); the US Photovoltaic Prices and Cost Breakdowns: Benchmarks for Residential, Commercial and Utility-Scale Systems (2017) (NREL 2017 Study); and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) Model. This study builds on another Solas study (Solas 2017)17 on the potential deployment of solar PV market in Alberta issued for the Canadian Solar Industries Association (CanSIA). Alberta companies have the potential to occupy parts of the wider value chain. The qualitative element of this report identifies the value chain needs that Alberta businesses are not meeting. The quantitative element of this report examines the value of the solar PV value chain and the number of jobs, types of jobs, and the training opportunities. This report is structured as follows: Section 2 maps out the conventional solar PV value chain for both rooftop and ground-mount solar PV applications. • • • • Section 3 identifies Alberta’s potential market size and to what extent Alberta can capture this value with its current capacity. Alberta Electric System Operator, “Micro-generation in Alberta — May 2018” (report, 2017), 1. 17 P. McGarrigle, L. Olien, C. Chiu, Alberta Solar Market Outlook — A view to 2030, Version 5.0, November 25, 2017. 16 • Section 4 presents the number and types of employment positions that are available within the growing Alberta solar PV market. Section 5 identifies training opportunities in Alberta and gaps where additional training is required. Section 6 identifies the priorities and next steps for increasing Alberta’s involvement in the solar PV sector. Solar PV Value Chain Assessment 16 SOLAR PV VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT 2 Credit to: Elemental Energy and the Brooks Solar Project Solar PV Value Chain Assessment Solas developed the solar PV value chain model from the perspective of the developer or owner of a solar PV system. This report focuses on the components and services that form the conventional value chain: raw materials, interim products, and end products, including silicon wafers, modules, mounting equipment, and system electronics, as well as the remaining balance of plant. The value chains presented do not include research and development, overhead, or profit. The life stages of a solar PV project are described below: • • • • • • 18 Development — This stage includes acquiring land, permitting, financing, initial feasibility studies, and all activities completed prior to the project’s detailed design. Design — This stage includes constraints analyses, layout design and optimization, engineering, glare studies, cost estimation, and procurement. Manufacturing — This stage includes solar cell manufacturing, module components manufacturing, module unit assembly, and balance-of-system technology such as inverters, optimizers, racking, trackers, transformers, combiner boxes, etc. Installation and Commission — This stage includes project and construction management, construction labour, mounting and piling equipment, electrical work, raw materials such as aggregate and cement, and commissioning and testing. Installation and commissioning vary significantly between rooftop and ground-mount applications. Operations and Maintenance — This stage includes metering and communications, maintenance, insurance, warranty, and aggregation of output and sales. Decommissioning — This stage includes activities to dismantle and remove the solar PV facility, either on rooftop or ground-mount, and includes waste management and project management. Decommissioning costs were assumed to be 10 percent of annual operations costs and based them on a publicly available study on decommissioning costs18 that is consistent with the SEAI study. D. Raimi, Decommissioning US Power Plant, Decisions Costs and Key Issues, October 2017, Table 1 — Decommissioning Cost Estimates per MW of Capacity (Mean), Page 3. Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING Within each life stage of a solar PV project, Solas has identified the value chain components and the details pertaining to specific skills and technologies. For this analysis, Solas developed two value chain models: rooftop and ground-mount. This analysis was not extended to research and development, electricity storage technologies, or to building-integrated solar PV. This section identifies the components of the rooftop and ground-mount solar value chains (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The figures summarize the breakdown by life stage for each type of solar PV installation. The rooftop solar value chain applies to residential, commercial, industrial, and farm applications. Solas’ model assumes an average system size of 8 kWDC using crystalline silicon PV arrays. In Alberta, rooftop solar is part of the micro-generation regulation and, therefore, it is considered behind-the-fence. This size was chosen to align with the SEAI 2017 Study and the NREL 2017 Study. Ground-mount solar PV applies to distribution- and transmission-connected solar PV facilities. Solas’ model assumes a ground-mount system of 100 MWDC size using fixedtilt crystalline silicon PV arrays. This size was chosen to align with the deployment for utility-scale solar used in the Solas 2017 study. The ground-mount value chain model includes the high-voltage side of the transformer as the point of interconnection for both distribution and transmission-connected projects. 19 SEAI study, NREL study, and the JEDI model. 17 18 3 SOLAR PV VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT 4 Manufacturing 67.8% ROOFTOP 2 Solar Cell Manuf. 3.76% Development 3.75% 9.6% * 0.6% • • Project Management & Admin • • Retail Package Engineering (Civil, Structural, Electrical) Resource Optimization Glare Studies 5.6% Project/Construction Management Mounting System Mounting 15.2% • • • • • • • • Raw Materials Procurement Packaging Logistics Warehousing Waste Management Cost Estimation Procurement Regulatory / Permitting 2.1% Finance & Commercial Design Manufacturing 5 6 Install & Commission Operations & Maint. Decommission Installing Waste Management 5 Operations & Maintenance 90% 7% 6 Decommissioning 10% Metering & Communications 9% 11% Commission & Testing Waste Management Insurance 6.1% 1% Electrical <0.01% 21.3% Project Management • • Development 4 1.5% Unit Assembly 0.01% Technical Advisers 1.3% 0.8% 10.3% Site & System Design 3 18.8% 12.2% 1 2 Install & Commission 19.1% Design 1 0.04% Balance of System Tech. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Inverters (Micro & String) DC/DC Optimizers Transformers Mounting System Combiner Boxes Point of Connect Metering Control Instrumentation Service Panel (RT) Collector System (24.5 kV) Electrical Cables Fibre-optic Cable Switches Ballasts Conduit Junction Box Cables Project Management Aggregators Inspection & Certification 72% N/A Maintenance Raw Materials • • • Cement Aluminum Copper • • • System Maintenance Quality Assurance Waste Management 0.01% Warranty * R&D is 0.5% Figure 1: Generic Solar PV Value Chain — Rooftop Percentages represent the share of expenditure ROOFTOP 19 3 SOLAR PV VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT 4 Manufacturing 68.7% GROUND-MOUNT 1 Development Solar Cell Manuf. Design 11.2% 6.8% Project Management & Admin Technical Advisers Regulatory / Permitting • • • • • • • Engineering • Civil • Structural • Electrical Geotechnical Land Survey Resource Optimization Glare Studies Interconnection Studies Noise Impact View Shed Legal 0.2% 2.9% Project Management • • Cost Estimation Procurement 0.5% Land • • Manufacturing Mounting System Electrical Land Acquisition Land Subdivision 4 5 Install & Commission Operations & Maint. 90% 1.9% Metering & Communications 6 6.5% Decommissioning 5.0% Operations Management Unit Assembly • • • • • • • • Installing Anchor Racking Waste Mgt. Roads Land works Footings Logistics Raw Materials • • • • • • Administration Plant Mgt. Asset Mgt. HS&E Resource Assessment Land Lease 14.4% 0.7% Balance of System Tech. Commission & Testing • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Inverters (Micro, String) DC/DC Optimizers Transformers Mounting System Combiner Box Point of Connect Metering Control Instrumentation Service Panel (RT) Collector System (24.5 kV) Electrical Cables Fibre-optic Cable Switches Ballasts Conduit Junction Box Cables 0.03% Owner Rep. 8.9% Waste Management 1.0% 42.1% • 10% 1.8% 19.3% Raw Materials Procurement Packaging Logistics Warehousing Waste Management Decommission Operations & Maintenance Insurance • • • • • • 6 5 Project/Construction Management 8.0% 2.8% Finance & Commercial Design Civil Works/Install • 2.4% Development 2.6% 10.5% Site & System Design 2.4% 3 13.11% 6.96% 2.5% 2 Install & Commission 24.5% 2 1 Maintenance • • • • Project Management System Maint. Landscaping Quality Assurance Waste Mgt. 2.1% Security Services 0.03% Mechanical & HVAC 5.2% Community Benefits <0.01% Warranty 27.3% Property Tax <0.01% Figure 2: Generic Solar PV Value Chain — Ground-mount Inspection & Certification Percentages represent the share of expenditure GROUND-MOUNT Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 20 Solas conducted a literature review to quantify the allocation of investment over each component and life cycle stage19. The SEAI study was chosen as the basis for the models because it has significant detail that allows for customizing those aspects that are more suited for Alberta. The generic value chain models illustrate how investment in solar PV systems is distributed between their components. Solas has extensive experience in estimating costs for solar PV projects and has compared the three reports to internal models to determine the appropriate calibration of the model to 2018 values. This resulting composite allocation is important for identifying the scale of the opportunity for Alberta’s industry within each of these areas. The generic value chain models identify the average percentage of capital costs or annual operating and maintenance costs incurred in each value chain component. Figure 3 and Figure 4 below provide the capital expenditure and operations and maintenance expenditure by life cycle stage for rooftop and ground-mount solar. Rooftop Solar Capex Ground-mount Solar Capex by Life Stage by Life Stage Development 11.2% Development 9.6% Install & Commissioning Design 3.8% 18.8% Manufacturing 67.8% Figure 3: Rooftop Solar PV Expenditure by Life Stage (%) Install & Commissioning Design 7.0% 13.1% Manufacturing 68.7% Figure 4: Ground-mount Solar PV Expenditure by Life Stage (%) The manufacturing life stage value dominates the solar PV value chain for both rooftop and ground-mount solar types (69 percent). Manufacturing is divided into four cost centres, two of which are specific to the solar module: solar cell manufacturing and solar module unit assembly. 19 SEAI study, NREL study, and the JEDI model 21 SOLAR PV VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT Solar cell manufacturing (19–24 percent) has the largest single share of the capital investment in a solar PV system, along with solar module unit assembly (15–19 percent). Electrical equipment can account for 14–21 percent of the capital investment in PV systems. The largest electrical component is inverters and transformers. Businesses involved in the solar cell manufacturing, mounting system manufacturing, unit assembly, and electrical equipment and balance-of-system technology stand to capture most of the value in the solar PV value chain, either in rooftop or ground-mount solar PV applications. Because the relative size of this part of the value chain is so large, even smaller component suppliers in module manufacturing (such as sealant, back sheet, frame, etc.) can capture significant value. Installation costs account for 19 percent of the costs for rooftop and 13 percent of the costs for ground-mount solar PV systems. For ground-mount installation, electrical costs are the largest component at eight percent of the total expenditure. For rooftop installation, mounting is the largest component at 10 percent of the total expenditure. Development and design account for between 13 percent and 18 percent of total expenditure for rooftop and ground-mount solar PV, respectively. 13% 18% Operations & maintenance costs are low for solar PV compared to other power generation that uses rotating equipment, such as thermal power generation. Operations and maintenance for rooftop solar PV applications have lower costs compared to ground-mount solar because little day-to-day attention is required. Rooftop maintenance focuses on replacement parts at the end of the equipment warranty. .. .. a KM. v. .. a, 2, 95?? 9/ a? 69 96/ Economic Impact . NL. . 1: I a gnawv.AmmIf23 ECONOMIC IMPACT 3 Economic Impact To evaluate the potential size of the Alberta solar business, this section leverages Solas’ previous study, Alberta Solar Market Outlook — A view to 2030 (Solas 2017). 20 This report uses Scenario E from the Solas 2017 study for solar deployment. Scenario E uses solar deployment growth rates observed and forecast for the USA solar market, consistent with the U.S. Solar Market Insight Full Report 2016 Year in Review21. The results presented in this report do not estimate the economic impacts from the construction of transmission and distribution infrastructure. The results also do not include the economic impacts from the potential export of manufactured components from Alberta to other jurisdictions. Therefore, the economic impacts are conservative. The Solas 2017 study forecasts the potential deployment of 3,261 MWDC of installed solar PV capacity in Alberta by 2030. Of the 3,261 MWDC, 24 percent is rooftop and 76 percent is ground-mount. For rooftop solar PV installations, Scenario E identifies a total of 791 MWDC by 2030, applied on 12 percent of all residences, seven percent of all commercial or industrial buildings, and one percent of all farms. For ground-mount solar PV installations, Scenario E forecasts 389 MWDC as distribution-connected solar PV and 2,081 MWDC as transmission-connected by 2030. (See Figure 5 below.) Rooftop Rooftop Residential Commercial / Industrial / Farm 566 MWDC 225 MWDC Ground-mount Ground-mount Utility Connected Distribution Connected 2081 MWDC 389 MWDC Figure 5: Cumulative Alberta Solar PV Deployment by 2030 — Solas 2017 Study — Scenario E (MWDC) 20 21 P. McGarrigle, L. Olien, C. Chiu, Alberta Solar Market Outlook — A view to 2030, Version 5.0, November 25, 2017. U.S. Solar Market Insight Full Report 2016 Year in Review, GTM Research and Solar Energy Industries Association. Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 24 Solas estimated the value of the Alberta market by combining its 2017 study Scenario E deployment with its internal cost estimates22 for rooftop and ground-mount solar PV and by using solar PV module decline cost curves from GTM23. The results of this market value analysis are an order-of-magnitude assessment only. The resulting solar capacity (3,261 MWDC) 12% Alberta represents about 12% of Alberta’s installed generating capacity in 2030. For comparison, in 2016 19% California Solar PV comprised 19% of California’s 8% of Ontario’s ... and 19 8%% generating capacity. Ontario generating capacity Solas estimates the Alberta solar PV market value from 2019 to 2030 at $4.1 billion. Table 2 below demonstrates the cumulative solar PV market value in Alberta by 2030 and identifies rooftop solar as having a value of approximately one-third that of the ground-mount solar PV. By 2030, the number of installations for rooftop solar are significantly higher than that of ground-mount applications. 22 23 2018 rooftop cost assumption: $ 1.82 /Watt 2018 ground-mount cost assumptions: $1.41/Watt — excluding profit and marketing costs. Solar Summit Breakfast Briefing: PV Systems and Technology Trends, GTM Research, May 2018. 25 ECONOMIC IMPACT Cumulative market value by 2030 Rooftop (791 MWDC) Ground-mount (2,470 MWDC) Total (3,261 MWDC) Non-operations expenditures ($M) $1,099 $2,761 $3,860 Operations and maintenance expenditures24 ($M) $63 $220 $283 Total solar PV market ($M) $1,162 $2,981 $4,143 Number of Installations by 2030 96,576 99 96,675 Table 2: Cumulative Estimated Solar PV Market Value in Alberta by 203025 Market Size in 2030 Rooftop Ground-mount Total Non-operations expenditures ($M) $216.2M 2030 single year installing 155 MWDC $527.0M 2030 single year installing 503 MWDC $743.2 2030 single year installing 658 MWDC Operations and maintenance expenditures ($M) $16.3M 2030 maintaining 791 MWDC $51.7M26 2030 maintaining 2,470 MWDC $68.0 2030 maintaining 3,261 MWDC Total solar PV market value $232.5M $578.7M $811.2M Number of Installations in the year 2030 21,426 15 21,441 Table 3: Estimated Alberta Solar PV Market Value in 2030 (Single Year)27 Table 3 above identifies the potential market for the single year 2030 at $811.2 million for solar PV, assuming the Solas 2017 study deployment rate. Operations and Maintenance (O&M) costs were determined through review of the SEIA 2017 Study, Lazard’s Levelized cost of Energy, NREL 2017 Study, confidential client data and Solas internal estimates. For residential rooftop solar PV, O&M costs were assumed to be a replacement of inverters once over the project’s lifetime. The inverter cost was taken from the NREL capital cost study, and it assumed inverter installation comprises 10 percent of residential rooftop installation costs. Commercial rooftop O&M costs include replacement of inverters, additional insurance, and inspection costs. The economic evaluation was based on a weighted average of residential and commercial O&M costs. O&M costs for ground-mount solar were based on averaging available data and its own experience. Labour and materials costs were assumed to be 60 percent labour and 40 percent materials. Property taxes are not part of the value chain value study; however, they contribute to local economic value and, therefore, Solas has reported the estimate of property tax value separately. 25 All values presented in the chart are measured in 2018 dollars. Technology cost decline costs are integrated into the values presented. 26 $24.6 million in property taxes not included. 27 All values presented in the chart are measured in 2018 dollars. Technology cost decline costs are integrated into the values presented. 24 Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 26 For rooftop solar, the geographic distribution of the deployment will focus on urban centres. Rooftop solar applications can be applied anywhere in Alberta and will have the greatest number of installations. The resource difference between northern and southern Alberta (10 percent) will have little effect compared to micro-sitingspecific applications. The deployment by location was identified in the Solas 2017 study. Solas estimated residential rooftop solar opportunities at 34,238 and 38,428 applications in Edmonton and Calgary, respectively, and 3,642 and 4,433 applications in Lethbridge and Red Deer, respectively. The Solas 2017 study forecast ground-mount applications in areas within 10 kilometres of a distribution system, transmission line, and existing substations. Therefore, most solar PV ground-mount facilities will be located near existing distribution and utility corridors. 3.1 Market Value for Each Value Chain Component The life stage breakdown of the Alberta Solar PV Market Value was identified. The six life stages are development, design, manufacturing, installation, operations and maintenance, and decommissioning. Figure 6 below identifies the breakdown of the Alberta Solar PV Market Value by life stage from 2019–2030. • • • • • Almost 60 percent of the Alberta Solar PV Market Value is focused on manufacturing ($2.3 billion). Together, the development and design life stages account for 20 percent of the value ($0.81 billion). Installation life stage accounts for 17 percent of the value ($0.70 billion). Operations and maintenance accounts for seven percent of the value ($0.28 billion). By 2030, decommissioning does not have any value since none of the solar PV deployed will be decommissioned. Alberta Solar PV Market Value Manufacturing $2,347 57% by Life Stage (2019-2030) ($M) Installation $701 Design 17% $294 7% Operations & Maintenance Development $519 $283 7% 13% Figure 6: Cumulative Alberta Solar PV Market Value ($4.1 billion) Identified by Life Stage ($M)28 Figure 7 and Figure 8 in Section 3.2 show the cumulative expenditure ($4.1 billion) distributed across the value chain. All values presented in the chart are measured in 2018 dollars. Technology cost decline costs are integrated into the values presented. Property tax has not been included in this evaluation and would add an additional $0.11 billion to the assessment. 28 27 3.2 ECONOMIC IMPACT Alberta’s Current Solar Value Chain & Capacity to Capture Potential Market Value Solas created a database of Alberta’s current solar PV value chain using its familiarity with the industry, SESA’s membership list, and CanSIA’s membership list. The Alberta-based companies were categorized into developers, contractors, service suppliers, equipment suppliers, materials suppliers, etc., to match the categories in the solar PV value chain model. Each component of the value chain was assessed to determine Alberta businesses’ current capacity to capture market value. The assessment was based on a review of the Alberta-based industry participant database and the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) information from Statistics Canada29. Alberta-based companies were defined as those that have an Alberta business address and excluded those that are in Canada but do not have an office in Alberta. The solar PV value chain includes more than 70 industries (at the six-digit NAICS code level) and a very broad range of skill sets, from project development to construction, operations and maintenance, and equipment manufacturing. Table 12 in Appendix E of this report identifies the number of companies with employees in Alberta that have skill sets that could be transferrable to the solar PV industry. Alberta has no shortage of expertise related to project development, construction, operations and maintenance, and decommissioning. This talent pool is experienced in utilities and oil and gas; however, expertise in solar PV is limited. Solas also pulled from the National Occupation Classification (NOC) codes to identify the talent pool that the solar PV industry could draw from in Alberta. Table 13 in Appendix F of this report identifies the number of jobs and median salary for solar PV applicable skills. Ability to Capture Market Value Alberta’s current ability to capture market value was evaluated using a rating system that looked at the number of companies, the company size, and their Very well positioned experience levels in solar PV. This work was completed through a qualitative assessment. A colour-coding system was used to represent the ability to Well positioned capture market value, with red being the lowest and green being the highest. Averagely positioned Figure 7 and Figure 8 below indicate the market value for each component of the value chain and Alberta’s current capabilities, which are colour-coded. Less well positioned Not well positioned 29 https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/subjects/standard/naics/2017/index 28 3 SOLAR PV VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT 4 Manufacturing $693 M ROOFTOP 2 1 Site & System Design $121 M $7M Project Management & Admin • • • • Retail Package 201 Engineering (Civil, Structural, Electrical) Resource Optimization Glare Studies <$1M $71M Technical Advisers $10M Components Manuf. $120M Unit Assembly • • • • • • Raw Materials Procurement Packaging Logistics Warehousing Waste Management • • Cost Estimation Procurement Regulatory / Permitting $27M Finance & Commercial Manufacturing • • • • • • • • Inverters (Micro & String) DC/DC Optimizers Transformers Mounting System Combiner Boxes Point of Connect Metering Control Instrumentation Service Panel (RT) Collector System (24.5 kV) Electrical Cables Fibre-optic Cable Switches Ballasts Conduit Junction Box Cables 5 6 Install & Commission Operations & Maint. $63M $130M $5M Mounting Metering & Communications Decommission 6 Decommissioning $0 M Installing Waste Management $0M Waste Management $8M Insurance Commission & Testing $0M $77M <$1M Electrical Aggregators Balance of System Tech. • • • • • • • • • 4 Operations & Maintenance $19M $269M $16M Design $154M Project Management • • Development Project/Construction Management $47M Development 3 $237 M Solar Cell Manuf. $47M 2 Install & Commission $151M Design 1 <$1M Inspection & Certification N/A • • • $51M $ Expenditure Maintenance Category System Maintenance Quality Assurance Waste Management Raw Materials Cement Aluminum Copper Colour Code Ability to Capture Market Value Very well positioned Well positioned Averagely positioned <$1M • • • Project Management Warranty Less well positioned Not well positioned * R&D is 0.5% Figure 7: Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Market Value — Rooftop ($M) to 2030 ROOFTOP 29 3 SOLAR PV VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT 4 Manufacturing $1,654 M GROUND-MOUNT $246M Development $397 M $86M Technical Advisers $86M Site & System Design • • • • • • • • Regulatory / Permitting Engineering • Civil • Structural • Electrical Geotechnical Land Survey Resource Optimization Glare Studies Interconnection Studies Noise Impact View Shed $284M Mounting System Electrical Manufacturing Raw Materials Procurement Packaging Logistics Warehousing Waste Management $7M $17M Land Land Acquisition Land Subdivision Metering & Communications 6 $23M Decommissioning $0 M $17M • • • • • • • • Installing Anchor Racking Waste Mgt. Roads Land works Footings Logistics Raw Materials $0M Operations Management • • • • • • Waste Management Administration Plant Mgt. Asset Mgt. HS&E Resource Assessment Land Lease $0M $148M $511M $24M Balance of System Tech. Commission & Testing • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Inverters (Micro, String) DC/DC Optimizers, Transformers, Mounting System Combiner Box Point of Connect Metering Control Instrumentation Service Panel (RT) Collector System (24.5 kV) Electrical Cables Fibre-optic Cable Switches Ballasts Conduit Junction Box Cables Decommission $220M Unit Assembly • Finance & Commercial Install & Commission Operations & Maint. Operations & Maintenance Civil Works/Install • • • • • • 6 $63M $341M Cost Estimation Procurement $104M 5 5 $6M • • 4 Insurance $98M • • Design Project/Construction Management $370M Project Management Legal Development $91M $240M $6M Project Management & Admin Solar Cell Manuf. 3 $464 M $431M Design 2 Install & Commission 2 1 1 $1M Owner Rep. Project Management Maintenance • • • • System Maint. Landscaping Quality Assurance Waste Mgt. $ Expenditure $7M Category Security Services Colour Code $1M Mechanical & HVAC $18M Community Benefits Ability to Capture Market Value Very well positioned Well positioned Averagely positioned <$1M Warranty N/A Less well positioned Property Tax Not well positioned <$1M Figure 8: Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Market Value — Ground-mount ($M) to 2030 Inspection & Certification GROUND-MOUNT Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 3.3 30 Alberta’s Current Capacity for Solar PV Market Value In 2018, there are Alberta-based businesses that have the ability to capture some of Alberta’s Solar PV Market Value. Some of these Alberta-based solar PV businesses have historically served other, more mature solar markets or the off-grid solar PV market. Solas determined the value of Alberta’s Current Capacity by combining the ability to capture market value with the value of each market component. Combining these estimates with the market size estimates set out in Figure 7 and Figure 8 gives a sense of the potential size of the market for an Alberta business if it pursued opportunities in the solar PV industry. Based on this method of estimation, the total value that Alberta businesses are poised to capture is estimated at $632 million by 2030 (Alberta’s Current Capacity) out of the total $4.1 billion (Alberta Solar PV Market Value) as shown in Figure 9. The largest component of Alberta’s Current Capacity is installation, followed by design, development, and operations. Alberta’s Current Capacity for operations and maintenance is estimated at 10 percent of the total operations market value because the market is at the early stages in Alberta, particularly the utility-scale solar PV market. Today, Alberta-based manufacturing capabilities in solar PV are limited. The manufacturing life stage includes solar cell manufacturing, solar module unit assembly, mounting system manufacturing, and balance of system. In July 2017, Alberta welcomed its first solar manufacturer, CyboInverter Canada, a solar PV mini-inverter manufacturer, to Calgary. When in full production in Alberta, the only component from the US will be the circuit board, with all other internal and external components produced, procured, assembled, programmed, tested, and supported in Alberta or Canada30. The US Pacific Northwest is home to some of the largest manufacturers at each step of the supply chain for polysilicon, wafers, cells, and modules. In Washington state, REC Silicon maintains 20,000 tons of polysilicon production capacity. In Oregon, Panasonic has 50 MW of solar capacity in wafers, and Solar World has approximately 500 MW of capacity in modules and cells31. Solas identified solar cell manufacturing and solar module unit assembly as unlikely to be produced in Alberta. This External Value was assessed at $1 billion from 2019 to 2030. Design Alberta’s Capacity to Access the Solar PV Market Value from 2019 to 2030 ($M) $162M Manufacturing $5 M Development Installation $113 M $324 M Operation $28M Figure 9: Alberta’s Current Capacity to Access the Solar PV Market Value $632M (Rooftop and Ground-mount) from 2019 to 2030 ($M) 30 31 http://cybocan.com/uploads/1/0/8/2/108255657/alberta_solar_press_release.pdf retrieved October 27, 2018 http://www.manufacturingcleanenergy.org/blog-20170327.html retrieved October 26, 2018. 31 ECONOMIC IMPACT 3.4 Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value The Alberta Solar PV Market Value is comprised of three aspects: Alberta’s Current Capacity based on current strengths; Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value, where Alberta could grow its capacity and resources to access more of the solar PV value chain; and External Value, which is made up of goods and services that are unlikely to be sourced in Alberta. Figure 10 below identifies Alberta’s Current Capacity, Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value, and External Value. Alberta Solar PV Market Value by Opportunity $1.04B External Value 25% $2.47B Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value 60% $4.1B $0.63B Alberta’s Current Capacity 15% Figure 10: Alberta Solar PV Market Value ($4.1 Billion) Based on Scenario E Deployment of 3,261 MWDC by 2030 ($, %) A detailed evaluation was completed for each value component to understand the opportunities for Alberta specifically. The sunburst diagram (Figure 11) below illustrates the Alberta Solar PV Market Value breakdown for Alberta’s Current Capacity, Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value, External Value by life stage and specific value component. This figure represents the relative size of the market value for each value chain component. Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value exists in the following life stages: • • • 32 Development and Design — The Alberta growth opportunity value for development and design is $537 million32. Within development and design, four components have growth opportunity value of over $100 million each: Legal, Finance and Commercial, Technical Advisers, as well as Site and System Design. Manufacturing — This is the largest growth opportunity for Alberta in the Solar PV industry, with a total growth opportunity value of $1.3 billion. The Alberta growth opportunity value is in balance-of-system electronics manufacturing ($0.77 billion) and mounting system manufacturing ($0.52 billion). Installation — Alberta growth opportunity value is $377 million for installation. The largest component of installation is electrical works at $218 million. Growth Opportunity Value for Development is $406M and Design is $131M for a total value of $537M. Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING Alberta has a manufacturing base that primarily services the oil and gas sector; however, it has the opportunity to also serve the solar PV sector. With the global expected growth rate of solar PV, Albertabased businesses can look to export opportunities in addition to Alberta’s own domestic demand for solar PV products. Higher-value products offer a potentially stronger match with Alberta’s skill sets and higher labour rates. These products include mounting systems manufacturing and balance-of-system manufacturing such as inverters, metering systems, transformers, combiners, optimizers, and conduits. Additional studies are required to identify Alberta’s capacity to provide these higher-value products. Research and development have potential opportunities in Alberta; however, additional study is required to evaluate the opportunities and Alberta’s capabilities. Materials sciences and nanotechnology may have opportunities in the solar PV sector. While this report does not include energy storage, it is important to be aware of the opportunities in energy storage and to be aware of the current research and development that is ongoing at the University of Calgary and the University of Alberta. Energy storage deployment is expected to grow significantly and may be deployed with residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar applications. Figure 11: Alberta Solar PV Market Value Breakdown 32 c- 13 13 Fl- E. Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 4 Job Opportunities Solar energy jobs are diverse. In the USA in 2017, there were more than 1.9 million jobs in the energy-related sector, with the biggest share in the oil and gas industry at 26.7 percent. According to the Solar Foundation33, solar-related jobs come in at second place, with a share of 19.4 percent. Since 2010, USA employment in solar grew 168 percent. While solar in the USA made up just under two percent of overall energy generation, it employed twice as many workers as the coal industry and five times as many as nuclear power, and it had as many workers as the natural gas industry. In the USA in 2017, solar energy jobs were mostly in installation (52.7 percent), manufacturing (14.6 percent), project development (13.2 percent), and sales & distribution (12.3 percent)34. 33 34 www.thesolarfoundation.org/national retrieved August 25, 2018 www.statista.com/chart/12672/solar-energy-jobs-in-the-united-states/ retrieved August 25, 2018 34 35 JOB OPPORTUNITIES 4.1 Potential Solar PV Jobs The Solar Career Map35 identifies 40 job types that are involved in solar PV for manufacturing, system design, project development, and installation and operations. Table 4 provides an example of the types of jobs in the solar PV industry. Manufacturing System Design Project Development Installation and Operations • • • • • Computer Numerical Control Operator Advanced Manufacturing Technician Instrumentation and Electronics Technician Process Control Technician Instrumentation and Electronics Technician • • • • • • Quality Assurance Specialist Electrical Engineer Industrial Engineer Mechanical Engineer Environmental Engineer Materials Scientist • • • • • • IT Specialist Residential PV System Designer Engineering Technician Utility Interconnection Engineer Civil Structural Engineer Power Systems Engineer • • • • • • Solar Energy Systems Designer Software Engineer Project Engineer with Solar Expertise Geotechnical expert with Solar Expertise Land Survey Experts Acoustic Practitioner • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Resource Scientist with Solar Expertise Geotechnical specialist with Solar Expertise Meteorologist Finance Specialist with Solar Expertise Stakeholder Consultation Specialist with Solar Expertise Permitting Expert with Solar Expertise Power Marketing Expert with Solar Expertise Geographic Information System Specialist (GIS) with Solar Expertise • Solar Site Assessor Solar Marketing Specialist Solar Sales Representative Code official with Solar Expertise Electrical Inspector with Solar Expertise Building Inspector with Solar Expertise Solar Utility Procurement Specialist Lawyer with Solar Expertise Solar Project Developer Environmental Scientist Land Acquisition Specialist with Solar Expertise Civil Engineer with Solar Expertise • • • • • • • • • • • Solar Assembler/Basic Installer Roofer with Solar Expertise Solar Crew Chief Solar PV Installer Solar Service Technician (residential) Solar PV Technician (commercial/utility) Electrician with Solar Expertise Solar Project Manager Solar Installation Contractor Solar Fleet Manager Solar Instructor • • • • • • • • • Table 4: Examples of Solar-PV-Specific Jobs http://irecsolarcareermap.org retrieved October 26, 2018. 35 • • • Electrical Engineer with Solar Expertise Solar Asset Manager Construction Manager with Solar Expertise Solar contract administrator Solar System Commissioners Pile Driver Operator Safety Manager Landscaper Environmental Scientist Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 36 The JEDI model provided by NREL was used to estimate the economic impacts of constructing and operating solar power at the local and provincial levels. The jobs, earnings, and output are distributed across three categories: project development and onsite labour impacts; local revenue and supply chain impacts; and induced impacts36. The JEDI model results are intended to be estimates and not precise predictions. In the estimates, the construction jobs are defined as full-time equivalents (FTE) or 2,080 hours of labour. While the JEDI model is not designed specifically for Canadian deployment, in the authors’ experience, the JEDI model is representative for this analysis. Solas used the JEDI model and updated the model inputs for construction, equipment, annual operating and maintenance, financing parameters, and other costs. Deploying 3,261 MWDC will require direct and indirect employment in Alberta. The JEDI model identified the number of jobs required for eight job categories. For 2030 alone, the following table (Table 5) identifies the number of FTE jobs that solar PV creates for each job category. In 2030, over 8,800 FTE jobs will be required to develop, design, manufacture, and install 155 MWDC for rooftop and 503 MWDC for ground-mount solar PV. Seventy percent of these jobs are in ground-mount solar PV, and 30 percent are in rooftop solar PV applications. Job Type — Project Development, Design, Manufacturing, Installation, and Construction Jobs for Rooftop 2030 (FTE) Jobs for Ground-mount 2030 (FTE) TOTAL (FTE) Construction and installation labour 886 2,427 3,313 Construction and installation services 181 328 509 Manufacturing 387 916 1,303 Trade (wholesale and retail) 172 376 548 Professional services 31 63 94 Other services 72 122 194 Other sectors 298 689 987 Induced impacts 546 1,317 1,863 TOTAL 2,573 6,238 8,811 Table 5: 2030 Full-Time Equivalent Jobs Generated for Developing, Designing, Manufacturing, and Installing Solar PV Rooftop and Ground-mount (Source: JEDI) Induced impacts are jobs that result from the spending of earnings or savings by those directly or indirectly employed or affected by the project. These include jobs at retailers, schools, hospitals, and restaurants. 36 37 JOB OPPORTUNITIES Installing 3,261 MWDC solar PV will also require employment in the operations and maintenance of the installed systems. Table 6 below identifies an additional 945 FTE jobs required for operations and maintenance in the year 2030. The majority (over 80 percent) of the operations and maintenance jobs are for ground-mount applications, and the remainder are for rooftop solar PV applications. Job Type — Annual O&M Jobs for Rooftop 2030 (FTE) Jobs for Ground-mount 2030 (FTE) Total O&M Employment (FTE) Labour 52 402 454 Supply chain impact 70 204 274 Induced impact 37 180 217 TOTAL 159 786 945 Table 6: 2030 Full-Time Equivalent Jobs in Operations and Maintenance (Source: JEDI) Total employment to support the solar electricity sector in Alberta, including development, design, manufacturing, installation, operations and maintenance, could amount to 9,756 FTEs. 4.2 Minimum Required Alberta-Based Solar PV Jobs While not all jobs will be located in Alberta, at a minimum, deploying solar PV will require local skills and labour for the permitting and construction and operations and maintenance of the solar PV facilities. The JEDI model analyzes the portion of expenditures spent locally and the number of locally required jobs. Multiple factors influence the construction and operating costs that are spent locally. The availability of local resources (including skilled labour and materials) and the availability of locally manufactured power plant components significantly affect the economic benefits that accrue to Alberta. Table 7 identifies the total and minimum local job requirements for deployment and operations and maintenance for the year 2030. Development, Design, Manufacturing, and Installation Jobs (FTE) Operations and Maintenance Jobs (FTE) Total Jobs (FTE) Total FTE jobs required 8,811 945 9,756 Minimum local FTE jobs required 4,951 671 5,622 Percentage of total jobs that must be local 56% 71% 58% Table 7: Full-Time Equivalent Job and Minimum Local Job Requirements in 2030 Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING Depending on the manufacturing base established in Alberta, not all of the 9,756 FTE jobs will be local. The JEDI model as shown in Table 7 above indicates that local permitting and installation will require a total of 4,951 FTE jobs in deployment (non-operations). Operations and maintenance will require 671 FTE jobs. The minimum local employment requirements are 5,622 FTE jobs or 58 percent of the total jobs required for deployment of 3,261 MWDC solar PV by 2030. The minimum FTE required represents 27 percent of the current utility sector jobs in Alberta37. 4.3 Existing Alberta-Based Solar PV Talent According to Calgary Economic Development, “Calgary is an established ‘talent hub’ of high-value-added, service-oriented workers that are experienced in the energy industry38.” “Transferrable occupations that exist in high capacity in Alberta include: engineers (mechanical, electrical, civil, chemical, structural, systems, and environmental), geologists and geotechnical specialists, biologists, computer and ICT specialists, construction specialists, land management specialists, lawyers, and contract administrators39.” These transferrable occupations apply to the solar PV industry growth opportunities in Alberta. The data available for information on the current talent in Alberta is high-level and general in nature. Statistics Canada does not track employment within the solar PV sector nor within the renewable energy industry. A review of both the existing CanSIA and SESA solar directories and the National Occupation Classification System (NOCS) information reveals that Alberta’s current talent pool is considerable; however, it will need to grow to match the pace of solar PV development. Alberta’s talent pool has the ability to complete project development, design, installation, and operations and maintenance. Alberta has talent and transferable skills. However, additional training may be required to transition into the solar energy sector. In addition, western Canada has the capacity to manufacture racking and mounting systems, and it potentially has the capacity to manufacture electrical components. 37 38 39 https://work.alberta.ca/documents/labour-market-highlights.pdf Utilities employment 2018. https://www.calgaryeconomicdevelopment.com/dmsdocument/135 retrieved October 26 2018 Ibid 38 5 Training Assessment Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 5 Training Assessment Solas assessed the training opportunities relevant to the solar PV sector that are available to Albertans. This database was compiled based on secondary research through publicly available data sources. Sixteen training providers were identified, including post-secondary institutions and industry organizations (see Table 8). The majority of courses focus on designing, installing, and commissioning residential rooftop solar. Typically, the programs either align with the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) or the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP). The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) has a program that focuses on renewable and alternative energy. The Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT) has integrated renewable energy into its curriculum by adding a module to its electrician program. Site and system design courses are available for sales roles, and installation courses are available for electricians. The list of design, installation, and commissioning courses is provided below. Name Location Duration Certification Everblue Online and USA Online and 2 days in-person NABCEP Grid Works Energy Edmonton 5-day course CSA Light up the World Edmonton 40 hours training N/A NAIT Edmonton 2-year program N/A Solar Energy International Online and Colorado, USA 5-day course NABCEP Solar Installers Canada Calgary 35 hours CSA SAIT Calgary 40-hour course for certified journeyman electricians N/A Solar Energy Society of Alberta Edmonton Various courses N/A Northern Lakes College Slave Lake 5-day course CSA Table 8: Rooftop Solar PV Courses — Design, Installation, and Commissioning 40 41 TRAINING ASSESSMENT Additional courses (Table 9) are available that are more general to sustainable energy and renewable energy. Solas found construction management courses at SAIT, NAIT, University of Calgary, and the University of Alberta; however, none of these programs have a specialization in renewable energy. Institution Location Course MacEwan University Edmonton Business 201 — Introduction to Sustainable Business Lakeland College Vermillion & Lloydminster Renewable Energy and Conservation (Certificate/Diploma) Lethbridge College Lethbridge Solar 101 for homeowners Medicine Hat College Medicine Hat Introduction to Solar Mount Royal Calgary Strategic Sustainability and the Energy Industry Red Deer College Red Deer Alternative Energy Lab 40 University of Alberta Edmonton Faculty of Engineering — Energy and Environment Graduate courses — MEC E 643 Renewable Energy Engineering and Sustainability Calgary Continuing Education — BMC 252 — Renewable Energy Technologies Faculty of Engineering — ENG 355 Introduction to Energy and the Environment Faculty of Engineering — ENG 507 Introduction to Sustainable Development Faculty of Engineering — ENG 575 Alternative Energy Systems Faculty of Business — Energy Management 301 — Electricity Management Faculty of Business — FNCE 559 Renewable Power Generation Finance Graduate degree — Masters in Sustainable Energy Development University of Calgary Table 9: Alberta-based Courses on Renewable Energy and Sustainability To ensure that Alberta can meet the opportunity of large-scale solar deployment, it is key that workers with transferable skills are informed about the opportunities in renewable energy and about how their skills can be transferred. Introductory solar or renewable energy courses aimed at the professional may help to ease the transition from traditional energy employment to the renewable energy sector. Solas’ search revealed that no training is directed towards utility-scale renewable energy or utility-scale solar PV or project development. These gaps could be closed through on-the-job training or courses that focus on providing training on utility-scale renewable energy development, regulation and permitting, as well as on financial and commercial aspects. Introductory training in these areas can help the transition to renewable energy. Some engineering programs at the University of Alberta offer undergraduate courses in materials science and nanotechnology. Energy storage research is available through the University of Calgary. Continued access to engineering in the areas of energy storage and solar PV materials science is important for Alberta’s engineers to be relevant in this new and growing industry. Solas did not identify specific programs related to renewable energy; however, the Alternative Energy Lab includes solar and was identified to assist in other programs. 40 43 PRIORITIES 6 Priorities Based on the evaluation completed in this study, Solas identified several priority areas where there is significant value to be captured and where Alberta could be well positioned: 1. Increasing capacity in conventional value chain contributions — Increasing capacity in the development, design, installation, and maintenance for both rooftop and ground-mount solar PV. This capacity includes services such as technical advisory, system and site design, legal, and financial services. Alberta requires additional talent in these areas to meet the future demand for solar PV. Alberta can also use this expertise to service the global solar PV market. 2. Diversifying Alberta’s manufacturing base — Identifying opportunities for diversifying Alberta’s manufacturing base to support the growing solar PV sector. Higher-value products offer a stronger match with Alberta’s skill sets and higher labour rates. Given the expected size of the global solar PV market, this could be a potentially attractive market for Alberta’s manufacturing base such as manufacturing inverters, metering systems, transformers, combiners, optimizers, and conduits, and subsequently helping to diversify Alberta’s economy. 3. Focusing on emerging technology — Continuing work on materials research through Alberta’s institutions to access the global opportunity for application in the solar PV sector, including nanotechnology and energy storage. Ensuring that solar PV and energy storage is part of engineering curriculum options in Alberta. Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 44 7 Conclusion Worldwide, the global solar PV market is one of the fastest growing technologies for power generation. The analysis in this report indicates that Alberta Solar PV Market Value could be over $4 billion by 2030, with over $3 billion accessible to Alberta-based businesses41. Value Chain Growth opportunities for Alberta businesses include the following: • Design & development $537M • Manufacturing $1,299M • Installation $377M The market opportunity can be increased by Alberta-based companies accessing export opportunities beyond Alberta’s own demand. To access the global opportunity for applications in the solar PV sector, the highest priority areas are increasing Alberta’s capacity in the conventional solar PV market, identifying opportunities for diversifying Alberta’s manufacturing base, and continuing research and development on materials research for nanotechnology and energy storage through Alberta’s institutions. There are several steps that policy-makers, the solar industry, educators, and the research community can take to access the priority areas. These steps include the following: • • • • Continuing to foster solar PV forums in Alberta that integrate industry and research communities on a regular basis. Continuing to advance a strong and stable domestic solar PV market for Alberta businesses to increase their knowledge and experience and to support export opportunities in the global solar PV market. Identifying opportunities and further funding and supporting the diversification of the manufacturing base for Alberta-based businesses; supporting businesses and new entrants that retrain Albertans with transferable skills. Ensuring that Albertans and Alberta decision-makers and policy-makers have access to quality information on solar PV technology to help inform investment decisions, given that solar PV is one of the most important energy sources in this next century. Provide training that helps to leverage experienced personnel with transferable skills and apply their talents in solar PV. The solar PV market is forecast to be significant and to have double-digit growth rates. Alberta has an opportunity to be part of this growing industry. Taking key steps now will ensure that Alberta has a place on the global stage for this industry sector that complements its current energy base. 41 This includes Alberta’s Current Capacity of $632M and Alberta’s Growth Opportunity Value of $2,468M for a total of $3,100M. 45 APPENDICES Appendix A Study Methodology To generate the results of this study, Solas compiled several data sources and used various methods to forecast to 2030. For historical cost breakdowns, which generate the percentages of the cost centres for capital expenditure and operational expenditure, this study references three main sources: the Ireland Solar Value Chain Opportunity, issued by Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (2017) (SEAI Study), the US Photovoltaic Prices and Cost Breakdowns: Benchmarks for Residential, Commercial and Utility-Scale Systems (2017) (NREL 2017), and the Solas Energy Consulting Inc. (Solas 2017) study on the potential deployment of solar PV market in Alberta issued for the Canadian Solar Industries Association. To calculate the economic impact, the Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) model was used, which the National Renewable Energy Laboratory developed to understand the economic benefits of power generation development. The JEDI model specifically designed for the solar PV industry was used. JEDI does not provide a forecast, but it calculates the economic benefits of the outlook that Solas developed for solar PV deployment in Alberta. The JEDI model was used to evaluate the economic benefits of utility-scale development and residential-scale development. NREL factors were compiled from a database of regional economic data to calculate local economic benefit to different sectors of power system investment. Internal cost data were used to determine the total costs for each stage of a solar PV project (both rooftop and ground-mount), and the SEAI study’s percent breakdown was used to determine the more detailed cost breakdown for smaller sub-activities that match the Alberta Solar value chain model. Several assumptions in the SEAI Study categories were modified to relate them to the Alberta model. In Alberta, the outlook scenario for 2030 constitutes 3,261 MW total installed capacity, starting in 2016 with 16 MW and growing, according to Table 10 below. Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 46 Scenario E — Cumulative Installed Capacity MWDC YEAR Total Solar Capacity Residential — Rooftop Commercial — Rooftop Farm — Ground-mount Community Generation (Distribution Connected — Ground-mount) 2016 16.0 7.0 7.0 2.0 - - 2017 47.3 15.0 15.0 2.3 15.0 - 2018 178.7 23.0 23.0 2.7 30.0 100.0 2019 210.0 31.0 31.0 3.0 45.0 100.0 2020 288.6 41.3 39.9 3.4 61.8 142.2 2021 384.6 54.5 50.0 3.8 80.5 195.8 2022 502.0 71.5 61.1 4.3 101.5 263.6 2023 646.4 93.4 73.7 4.8 125.0 349.6 2024 824.2 121.5 87.7 5.4 151.2 458.5 2025 1,044.1 157.6 103.3 6.0 180.6 596.6 2026 1,316.5 204.0 120.8 6.7 213.4 771.5 2027 1,655.0 263.7 140.4 7.6 250.1 993.2 2028 2,076.6 340.5 162.3 8.5 291.2 1,274.2 2029 2,602.7 439.1 186.8 9.5 337.1 1,630.2 2030 3,260.7 566.0 214.2 10.6 388.5 2,081.4 Utility — Ground-mount Table 10: Cumulative Installed Capacity Outlook — Scenario E (MWDC) Knowing the typical cost per kilowatt and the percentage breakdown of that cost to the various cost centres, the estimate of spending and jobs is then calculated. Additional effects on the outlook scenario are the expected reduction in the costs of the solar PV modules and inflation. 47 APPENDICES Appendix B Alberta Solar Value Chain Participants The combined list of value chain participants is made up from the SESA and CanSIA directories, with 100–300 organizations in each directory (with overlap). Solas identified the companies that have an office in Alberta as part of the Alberta value chain. These directories only include companies that are registered members; therefore, it is very likely that there are organizations active in Alberta’s solar industry that are not in these directories. The list of companies was further processed by reviewing each organization and determining the services they provide, either internally or externally. The resulting list below is the participants who are part of the solar PV value chain. Company Directory Listing — Utility-Scale42 • Owners • Bluearth Renewables • EDF Renewables Canada Inc. • EDP Renewables Canada Ltd. • Elemental Energy Renewables Inc. • Enbridge Inc. • Enmax • EPCOR • Greengate Power Corporation • GP JOULE • Hep capital AG • Invenergy Canada • NextEra Energy Canada • Suncor Energy Inc. • TransAlta • EPCs • 3G Energy Development Inc. • Aura Power Renewables Ltd. • Ellis Don • Hawk’s Aerial and Technical Solutions Inc. • Mirth and Sight Limited • PCL Constructors Canada Inc. • Solas Energy Consulting Inc. (Construction management) • Stantec Consulting Ltd • WSP Canada Inc. • Teshmont • Tetra Tech Canada Inc. 42 Those listed on the CanSIA or SESA directories. • Electrical, Mechanical, Contractors, and Professional Services • Logic Control • Bennett Jones LLP • Borden Ladner Gervais LLP • Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP • Dillon Consulting Limited • DNV GL • Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP • Hugh Wood Canada Ltd. • LandSolutions • Miller Thomson LLP • Natural Resource Solutions Inc. • Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP • Power Advisory • Renewable Energy Systems (RES) Canada Inc • Solas Energy Consulting Inc. • Stikeman Elliott LLP • Torys LLP • Scott Land & Lease • URICA Energy Real Time Ltd. Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING Company Directory Listing — Utility-Scale (Cont’d) • Suppliers and Wholesale • A-1 Ground Screws • Arrow Arc Solar • ATCO Group • Azgard Solar Inc. • Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corp. • DC Power Corp. • EECOL ELECTRIC ULC. • Gallant & Company • Graybar Canada • Aimsio • Almita Piling • BAYO.S Canada Ltd. • Fusetek • Hellermann Tyton Canada • Hoskin Scientific • MR Control Systems International Inc • Spartan Controls • Utilities • AltaLink • Enmax • EPCOR • Fortis Alberta Inc. • Municipalities • Finance and Commercial • Prime Property Management • ATB Financial • Underwriters Laboratories of Canada Inc. • CoPower Inc • Jones Brown Inc. Company Directory Listing — Residential43 • Owners • Pathfinder Clean Energy (PACE) Limited • Solar Brokers Canada • W Dusk Energy Group, Inc. • Engineering and Professional Services • Green Cat Renewables • Green Light Power Inc. • SunFrog Solar • Howell Mayhew Engineering • Internat Energy Solutions Canada • Zon Engineering Inc. • DES Engineering Ltd. • Dandelion Renewables • R.J. Burnside & Associates Limited • TECTONIC ENERGY CONSULTING Inc. • CIMA+ • Pinchin Ltd. • Power Advisory LLC • SULINE • VRK Solar Inc 43 Those listed on the CanSIA or SESA directories. 48 49 • APPENDICES Small system design, installation, commissioning and testing, and maintenance rooftop services • @ Home Electric • 1Sun • 1tech Green Inc. • Aeternum Energy & Developments • AL SOLAR Inc. • AltaPro Electric • Ameresco Canada Inc. • ASI Tech Energy Solutions • Atlas Solar • ATUM Energy Services Inc. • Axis Electric Ltd. • Blue Chip Electrical Inc. • Blue Pond Solar • Bright Earth Electric • Byrne’s Electric • Calgary Solar • Canadian Power Pac • CAP Solar Ltd. • CBI Solar • Centre Star Energy Inc. • CHE Power Structures • C-It Solar • Clean Power Electric • CM SunEra • Compass Rose Electric Inc. • Conscious Choice • Corellian Energy Solutions • CorSolis Energy • C-Returns • CSWS • Custom Electric • Deco Management Services Inc. • DNM Solar Solutions Inc. • Earthtech Energy Services Inc. • Eclipse Bio-Science Corp. • Eco-Smart Energy Solutions Inc. • Elekt Energy Services Ltd. • Elementium Energy Corporation • Empower Energy Corp. • Eneray Solar • Energysmart Canada • Energywise Solar • Ener-Kruse Solar / A Division of Kruse’n Construction • Enova Energy • EnSegs Inc. • Epoch Electric and Renewable Systems • Ever Star Renewables • Evergreen & Gold Renewable Energy Inc. • EVOLVrenewables Inc. • Exposure Solar • Freedom Energy Solar Experts Inc. • Future Skies Energy Inc. • G2 Solar • Generate Energy Ltd. • Genesis Solar • Global Point Energy West • Grace Energy • Greenergy Renewable Energy Ltd. • Gridworks Energy Group Inc. • Hanas Electrical Services Ltd. • Happy Solar & Renewable Energy • Horizon North Power Systems • Horizon Power Solutions 24-7 Inc. • Houle Country Solar & Security • Hound Tree Electric • Ideal Electric & Controls • Interstellar Energy • J’S NRG • Kantra Electric Inc. • KCP Energy Inc. • KIERNAN ELECTRIC • Kumsons Electrical Services • Kustom Projects Inc. • Lambda Solar Energy Inc. • Lean & Green Electrical Ltd. • LumoSpec Technologies • Majestic Electric • Maverick Alternative Energy Inc. • Megalith Power Alternatives Ltd. • True North Solar Inc. • Affordable Green Sun Solar • GI Electrical • MiEnergy Solar • Momentum Solar Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING • N.A.P.S. Solar Store — Northern Alternate Power Systems • NE Generation • Neighbour Power • Net Zero Solar • Newo Global Energy • Northern Brea Renewables • NRG Energy • OFF GRID HEATING • Okanagan Solar Ltd. • Pomphrey Industries Corp. • PONA Energy Corp. • Powermax Electric & Solar • Progressive Concepts Ltd. • PV Solar Enterprises Ltd. • Quantum Solar Solutions Inc. • RDK Electric Ltd. • Reck’s Electric Ltd. • Redi Fast Fix-It • Regent Electric Ltd. • Renewable Solutions • Renewall Projects • Rezcom Electric Ltd. • Riteline Electric Ltd. • Robinhood Energy • Rokin’ Renewable Ltd. • Royal Energy & Electric Group Ltd. • SARSCO Energy Consulting Inc. • Sine Power Ltd. • SkyFire Energy • Sol Power Projects Ltd. • Solace Electrical Solutions Ltd. • Solar Base Electric Ltd. • Solar Country Energy Ltd. • Solar Den • Solar Harvest Ltd. • Solar Optix Energy Services • Solar People • Solar Pro Power • Solar Super Store Inc. • Solar Technical A Division of Schafer Electric Ltd. • Solar Waves Energy • Solar YYC Inc. • Solar√© Distributors Inc. • Solarchi Canada 50 • Solarcor Energy Inc. • SOLARMAX Power Inc. • SolarNinjas Energy Solutions Ltd. • Solarwind Renewable Energy Inc. • Solun Ltd. • Sun Peak Solar Solutions • Sun Valley Solar & Electrical Ltd. • Sunfind Solar • Sungod Industries Ltd. • SunMill Solar • SUPERGREEN Solutions • Sustainergy • SYNCSOLAR Inc. • Tarpon Energy Services Ltd. • TerraGen Solar • Terralta Inc. • Thaekos Energy Inc. • The Force Solar Inc. • The Solar Guys • Traditional Electric Inc. • Ultimate Electric Ltd. • Ventures Green Inc. • Verg Enterprises Inc. • Vibrant Solar Solutions Ltd. • VIELSOLAR • VIRTUOSO ENERGY • Vision Energy Inc. • WATT Renewable Corporation • West Coast Visions • Western Solar • Windy Sky Enterprises Ltd. O/A Edwards Electric 1988 & WeWentSolar.Ca 51 • • • APPENDICES Electrical, Mechanical, and other Contractors • A-Phase Electrical & Contracting Services Ltd. • CJ Energy • Clark Builders • Crestview Electric Ltd. • Deane Roofing and Cladding Ltd. • FUSION Power Systems • Goose Creek Renewable Energy Inc. • Great Canadian Solar Ltd. • GW Electrical Services • Hilman Electric • Jayson Global • Jeffrey Electric • Juve Solar Ltd. • Klis Electric • Knight Plumbing, Heating, Air Conditioning & Electrical • Kuby Renewable Energy • Lexand Electric • Longday Solar • New Horizon Power and Controls • North Light Energy • OUR ELECTRICIAN • Phase 3 Electric Ponoka Ltd. • Ridgeline Power Solutions MAX Energy Corp. Utilities • ENMAX Energy Corp. • EPCOR • Bullfrog Power Inc • Fortis Alberta Inc. • Rocky REA Associations • Akamihk Community • Alberta Green Economy Network • Green Arrow Corp. • Canadian Solar Industries Association • DreamCatcher Energy Inc • Edmonton Public Schools • Peace Energy A Renewable Energy Cooperative • Solar Energy Society of Alberta (SESA) • Sirrom Wiring and Electrical Services Ltd. • SOLAR CONCEPTS • Summit Electric & Maintenance Ltd. • Sunny South Insulators Inc. • Taurus • Team Tomic Electric Inc. • Versatile Electric & Controls Ltd. • Ward Contracting • Wave Technical Ltd. • Solar Homes Inc. • Ascendant Renewable Energy, Inc. • DREWS ELECTRIC Inc. • Earthbound • Exceed Solar • REW Electric Inc. • Simba Solar • Solar Optix Energy Services • SolarFlex Energy • Sweeney Electric Ltd. • Terralta Inc. • The Light Idea Inc. • TKO Electrical Contracting Inc. • Water Valley Electrical • Technology Providers • VM Systems • Eramosa Engineering Inc. • Suppliers • Ecofitt Corporation • HES PV • Jackson Power & Electric Ltd. • Kel-Terra Inc. • Mustang Controls Ltd. • Pronghorn Controls Ltd. • Solar Wholesaler Ltd. • National Solar Distributors Inc. • EnSolar Energy Inc. • Hammond Power Solutions • Hb Solar Canada • Impulse Technologies Ltd. • Sentinel Solar • Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc • CyboInverter Canada • Solarland Canada Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING Appendix C Alberta Solar PV Training Programs List Table 11: Alberta Solar PV Training Programs List Training Provider Course/program name Decentralised Energy Canada (DEC) Course 1: Technology Performance and Project Feasibility MacEwan University Business 201 Grid Works Energy 1-Day Solar PV Introduction Grid Works Energy 3-Day Solar PV Design Course Grid Works Energy Lakeland College Mount Royal University 5-Day Hands-On GridConnected Solar PV Design and Installation Course Renewable Energy & Conservation (Certificate/ Diploma) Strategic Sustainability & the Energy Industry Certificate of Completion NAIT Alternative Energy Technology — Diploma (2 years in-class training) NAIT Continuing Education Course (30 hours) NAIT Bachelor of Technology in Technology Management NAIT Bachelor of Technology in Construction Management Course/program description and details Analysis of solar, wind, combined heat and power projects Introduction to Sustainable Business, how a sustainable business is run, and how emerging issues in business can be addressed from a sustainability perspective Know more about tech and industry before purchasing a PV system for home or building Crash course on latest solar technology out there. Go over design theory for both string inverters and micro-inverters with the Canadian Electrical Code. Including solar economics, solar incentive/rebate programs available, solar contractors, business practices Similar to the 3-day course with an additional two days of hands-on practice in designing and installing string-inverter and micro-inverter PV systems. Design, plan and complete renewable energy projects. Provides basics of types of renewable energy, energy principles, environmental impacts of energy generation and use Gain an understanding of fundamentals of sustainability through three pillars, environment, society, and economics. Students learn about various aspects of renewable energy systems: assembly, design, hybridization, permitting, and project economics. Solar training focuses on-site assessment, system layout and design (on-grid and off-grid), financial analysis, assembly, project management, inspection, testing, and commissioning. Students learn how to successfully install, and troubleshoot solar PV residential systems. NAIT believes in the value of hands-on teaching, and this course is structured to allow you, a journeyman electrician, to become a competent and confident installer, ready to enter the growing renewable energy market with the required skills Students have the opportunity to choose from up to 15 electives from the sustainability area of interest, such as Environmental Impact Assessment; Issues in Society, Environment, and Sustainability; Environmental Management Systems; Global Citizenship; Global Energy Development and Society. Provides a degree in construction management including sustainability training. 52 53 APPENDICES Training Provider Course/program name Course/program description and details SAIT Solar PV: Introduction and Applications — ELEC 142 Examines the basics of solar PV installations, including the electrical grid system and how solar PV can help reduce reliance on it. Learn advantages of grid-tie, stand-alone and battery backup solar PV installations. SAIT Solar PV: Installation for Electricians — ELEC 141 Topics of permits/restrictions, logistical site considerations, system sizing, factors affecting solar PV output, and aspects involved with the CEC relating to the installation SAIT Construction Management Certificate Certificate program SESA The Economics of GridTied Solar Photovoltaics Explore the economic advantages of grid-tied solar PV microgeneration systems with Alberta-specific examples SESA Photovoltaic System Design and Modelling How to design and evaluate the performance of solar electric systems SESA Battery Based Photovoltaic Systems How to design and evaluate the performance of battery based solar electric systems SESA Contracts for the Solar Industry — Summer 2018 (and continued) How to create contracts for your solar installation business SESA Commissioning Solar PV Systems Training on commissioning and testing photovoltaic systems University of Alberta MBA Natural Resources, Energy, and Environment The 2-year MBA program will help develop analytical skills, industry understanding, and communications experience. University of Alberta Certificate Construction Management and Administration 250-hour certificate program University of Calgary Masters in Sustainable Energy Development University of Calgary Certificate in Professional Management — Construction Women Building Futures & Grid Works Energy Electrical and Solar Energy Basics 5-week classroom and hands-on skills development training for employment in the electrical industry and solar energy industry Women in Renewable Energy (WIRE) Speed Mentoring Helps students and professionals entering the energy field to receive mentorship and feedback SEI RE100: Introduction to Renewable Energy SEI PV101: Solar Training — Solar Electric Design and Installation 5-day course. Fundamentals give a solid understanding of various components, system architectures, and applications for PV systems. This focuses on grid-direct PV systems. SEI PV110: Solar Training — Solar Water Pumping 3-day course that combines presentations with hands-on experience. Learn how to select the proper pump for the job, sizing the PV array, selecting equipment such as controllers and linear current boosters and installation methods. The interdisciplinary graduate program provides a balanced education related to energy and environmental management. 300-hour certificate program Free course that covers the basics of renewable energy Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING Training Provider Course/program name Course/program description and details SEI PV201L: Solar Training — Solar Electric Lab Week Work in small groups and use what was learned in PV 101 to the test by installing and commissioning a wide variety of system types, then decommissioning and breaking down. SEI PV202: Solar Training: Advanced PV System Design and the NEC (Grid-Direct) 5-day course. Focus on residential and commercial-scale systems code requirements, design parameters, and best practices are applicable to all types and sizes of PV installations. Address requirements for disconnects, overcurrent protection, and wire sizing; interconnection requirements and calculations; grounding, ground faults, and surge protection; calculations for system sizing, inverter selection, and electrical configuration; ground and roof mount details; and commissioning performance analysis procedures. SEI PV 203: Solar Training — PV System Fundamentals (Battery-Based) Fundamentals of battery-based systems. The applications and configurations and components such as batteries, charge controllers, and battery-based inverters. SEI PVOL206: Solar Training — Solar Business and Technical Sales Focuses on technical details for sales professionals, financial analysis, and system financing. SEI PV303: Solar Training — Advanced PV Multimode and Microgrid Design (Battery-Based) Detailed design considerations for AC and DC coupled systems, along with an in-depth presentation on designing a stand-alone micro grid. SEI PV204: Solar Training — Advanced PV Stand-Alone System Design (BatteryBased) Detailed analysis of load considerations, charge controller sizing, and specifying stand-alone inverters with design examples that address the specifics of different off-grid applications. SEI PVOL350: Solar Training — PV Systems — Tools and Techniques for Operations and Maintenance A 6-week course. Train technicians to safely and effectively perform operations and maintenance tasks including inspections, commissioning, performance verification, and troubleshooting Northern Lakes College Grid-Tie Solar Electric System Design and Modelling A 3-week course designed to develop the skills needed to design and model solar electric systems for both residential and commercial installations. The course uses RETScreen and System Advisor Model software to teach how to construct feasibility reports and showcase performance of proposed systems and installations. Northern Lakes College Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Photovoltaic (PV) Exam Preparation 5-day course. The course is designed to appeal to those wanting to install solar electric systems with a home owner's permit, or those wishing to have an in-depth understanding of solar electric installations. Northern Lakes College Grid-Tie System Installation The course will utilize the skills and knowledge from the 5-day CSA exam prep course to perform hands-on rooftop installation and commissioning of a 3 to 5 kW grid-tie PC system using a micro-inverter. 54 55 APPENDICES Training Provider Course/program name Course/program description and details Bronze SIC Certification Course Shows proficiency in the fundamental basics of solar technology. The course includes a 1-day course to learn basics of solar and determine if solar is right for your home or RV and a 2-day course to introduce system sizing and size solar systems for yourself and clients Silver SIC Certification Course Gain the ability to professionally size and maintain solar energy systems. Includes all course from Bronze certification plus 1-day solar workshop to explore concepts of angles, shading and series/parallel, learn to hook up batteries and battery workshop to learn how to properly connect and charge your batteries, and working with different types of batteries Solar Installers Canada (SIC) Gold SIC Certification Course Includes all courses in Silver and Bronze certification. Additionally, full hands-on grid-tie installation in the facility, with both string and microinverters and install on an elevated roof as well as hands-on off-grid, including the required maintenance Solar Installers Canada (SIC) Introduction to Solar 6-hour course to begin photovoltaic understanding, including types of panels, how solar works in Alberta, types of systems, how many solar panels required for average home, etc. Solar Installers Canada (SIC) System Sizing Course Introduction to simple solar theories, including grid-tied, offgrid, and hybrid systems. Solar Installers Canada (SIC) Solar Workshop Course Workshop compounds the ideas of production capabilities, learn how to hook up panels in both series and parallel and monitor the outputs. Solar Installers Canada (SIC) Battery Workshop Learn the fundamentals of battery storage, including handson workshop to design and install a battery system Solar Installers Canada (SIC) Hands-On Grid-Tie Course Learn to fully install a grid tie photovoltaic system. Include safety parameters, tool inspection, and electrical wiring. Solar Installers Canada (SIC) Hands-On Off-Grid Course Learn to fully install an off-grid photovoltaic system. Including compliance OH&S standards, ground-mount racking system, wiring, battery storage systems Light Up the World Introduction to Solar Technology 3-hour course to learn the basics of solar technology, electricity principles, solar PV system components, and how to do basic calculations to meet power needs Light Up the World Off-Grid Install One-Day Workshop Understand how to install small-scale off-grid solar PV systems. Includes theory and practical hands-on workshops. Solar Installers Canada (SIC) Solar Installers Canada (SIC) Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 56 Appendix D Solar PV Job Categories and NAICS Code where Relevant The Alberta solar value chain model has considerable detail in the skills and professions needed for each stage of a project and operations. However, the JEDI model’s output for the jobs created by a solar project is in higher-level categories. Therefore, it is important for this study to map the main categories of jobs from the JEDI model to the types of jobs seen throughout the project’s lifecycle. For industry areas that have a relevant NAICS code, the number is listed: • Construction and installation labour • Construction labourers • Building trades • Construction site assemblers and disassemblers • O&M individuals • Construction and installation–related services • Construction site managers • Construction project managers • Electricians • Certified solar PV installers • System commissioners • Inspectors • Drivers • Heavy equipment operator • Manufacturing impacts • Machine operators • Assemblers • Welders • Robotic engineers • Solar cell manufacturing — semi-conductor and related devices 334413 • Electrical components manufacturing — 335999 • Wiring device manufacturing — 33593 • • Trade (wholesale & retail) 42,453 (miscellaneous) Professional services • Project managers • Financial advisers • Administration team • Safety managers • Legal 5411 • Management, scientific, and technical consulting 54161, 5613* • Environmental other technical consulting 54162, 54169 • Scientific research and development 5417 • Meteorologist • Environmentalist • Biologist • Management 55** • Architectural, engineering, and related 5413 • Engineering disciplines Specialized design services 5414 • Other services (directly related to solar industry) • Transportation • Couriers • Warehousing and storage • Publishers • Communications • Automotive • Machinery • Advertising • Employment services • Facilities support • Security • Waste management • Educational services • Health care services • Family services • Recreation • Food services • Repair and maintenance • Civic, social, professional organizations • • Other sectors (not directly related to solar industry) Induced impacts (jobs created as a result of solar projects) Operations and Maintenance • Labour — technicians • Supply chain impact — Materials & equipment services • Induced Impact • 57 APPENDICES Appendix E Statistics Canada — Alberta Companies by NAICS Code There is a general standard for industry codes for companies called NAICS: North American Industry Classification System. This study has collected all the NAICS codes that may be relevant to the tasks in the solar PV project. Secondly, Statistics Canada compiles the number of companies for each of the NAICS codes and reports on how many employees each company had. The following charts depict the talent pool for key elements for the phases of a solar PV project: development, design, manufacturing, and installation and commissioning, operations and maintenance, and decommissioning44. Table 12: Statistics Canada — Alberta Companies per NAICS Code Number of companies of different sizes by Number of employees Development No. employees Total 1–4 5–9 10–19 20–49 50–99 100– 199 200– 499 500+ 561110 Office administrative services 2,221 1,081 785 116 68 57 28 11 6 10 541611 Administrative management and general management consulting services 5,765 1,765 1,603 101 36 19 5 0 1 0 541690 Other scientific and technical consulting services 5,707 2,249 2,064 96 58 20 6 3 2 0 541110 Lawyers’ offices 2,106 2532 1,984 296 148 78 21 4 1 0 541360 Geophysical surveying and mapping services 724 257 209 18 7 12 5 4 2 0 541370 Surveying and mapping services (except geophysical) 184 202 93 28 25 33 18 5 0 0 541690 Environmental consulting services 5,707 2249 2,064 96 58 20 6 3 2 0 541620 Administrative management and general management consulting services 1,444 691 551 58 44 24 12 1 1 0 Canada, S. (2016). Table 552-0007. Retrieved MAY 30, 2018, from http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&id=5520007 Canada, S. (2016). Table 553-0006. Retrieved MAY 30, 2018, from Statistics Canada: http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/ a26?lang=eng&id=5530006 44 Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 58 Number of companies of different sizes by Number of employees Design 238210 541330 541360 541370 541420 541490 541690 551114 561110 Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors Engineering services Geophysical surveying and mapping services Surveying and mapping services (except geophysical) Industrial design services Other specialized design services Other scientific and technical consulting services Head offices Office administrative services Manufacturing — General No. employees Total 1 –4 5– 9 10–19 20–49 50–99 100– 199 200– 499 500+ 2,360 2,200 1,291 404 206 184 77 19 13 6 6,423 3,342 2,614 246 189 175 53 42 20 3 724 257 209 18 7 12 5 4 2 0 184 202 93 28 25 33 18 5 0 0 222 117 110 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 222 43 36 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 5,707 2,249 2,064 96 58 20 6 3 2 0 61 587 121 88 102 123 52 39 36 26 2,221 1,081 785 116 68 57 28 11 6 10 Number of companies of different sizes by Number of employees No. employees Total 1 –4 5– 9 10–19 20–49 50–99 100– 199 200– 499 500+ 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing 15 24 8 3 5 2 5 1 0 0 331110 Iron and steel mills and ferro-alloy manufacturing 6 6 2 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 335920 Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing 7 10 3 1 2 4 0 0 0 0 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing 52 27 16 8 1 1 1 0 0 0 59 APPENDICES Electrical Components 238210 335311 335312 335315 335920 335930 335990 541330 Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors Power, distribution, and specialty transformers manufacturing Motor and generator manufacturing Switchgear and switchboard and relay and industrial control apparatus manufacturing Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing Wiring device manufacturing All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing Engineering services Raw Materials Number of companies of different sizes by Number of employees No. employees Total 1 –4 5– 9 10–19 20–49 50–99 100– 199 200– 499 500+ 2,360 2,200 1,291 404 206 184 77 19 13 6 5 4 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 11 4 1 0 2 3 0 1 0 8 31 4 9 8 7 3 0 0 0 7 10 3 1 2 4 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 52 27 16 8 1 1 1 0 0 0 6,423 3,342 2,614 246 189 175 53 42 20 3 Number of companies of different sizes by Number of employees No. employees Total 1 –4 5– 9 10–19 20–49 50–99 100– 199 200– 499 500+ 326130 Laminated plastic plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape manufacturing 7 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 327214 Glass manufacturing 1 9 4 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 331110 Iron and steel mills and ferro-alloy manufacturing 6 6 2 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 335930 Wiring device manufacturing 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING Installation & Commissioning 237130 237990 482113 484110 484229 484239 488210 541330 541690 561110 562110 238210 237310 238910 238990 551114 236210 237130 236210 238220 Power and communication line and related structures construction Other heavy and civil engineering construction Mainline freight rail transportation General freight trucking, local Other specialized freight trucking (except used goods), local Other specialized freight trucking (except used goods), long distance Support activities for rail transportation Engineering services Other scientific and technical consulting services Office administrative services Waste collection Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors Highway, street, and bridge construction Site preparation contractors All other specialty trade contractors Head offices Industrial building and structure construction Power and communication line and related structures construction Industrial building and structure construction Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors 60 Number of companies of different sizes by Number of employees No. employees Total 1 –4 5– 9 10–19 20– 49 50–99 100– 199 200– 499 500+ 111 143 55 24 25 21 8 4 3 3 253 196 79 33 28 35 11 7 3 0 8 29 6 6 7 4 1 1 1 3 3,835 1,825 1,544 159 68 43 7 4 0 0 785 565 392 79 48 37 7 1 1 0 546 404 247 44 27 54 15 15 1 1 20 54 14 12 12 10 3 1 2 0 6,423 3,342 2,614 246 189 175 53 42 20 3 5,707 2,249 2,064 96 58 20 6 3 2 0 2,221 1,081 785 116 68 57 28 11 6 10 159 195 98 38 26 28 2 3 0 0 2,360 2,200 1,291 404 206 184 77 19 13 6 307 393 148 69 58 57 26 21 11 3 1,669 1,354 796 220 137 123 35 29 10 4 3,397 1,326 896 208 110 65 19 23 3 2 61 587 121 88 102 123 52 39 36 26 555 394 240 52 31 27 23 6 10 5 111 143 55 24 25 21 8 4 3 3 555 394 240 52 31 27 23 6 10 5 1,928 2,119 1,277 357 238 162 51 29 4 1 61 APPENDICES Installation & Commissioning 238110 331110 331317 331420 Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding, and alloying Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, and alloying Operations & Maintenance, Decommissioning 221119 221121 541620 541690 551114 561110 561730 562110 811310 811210 419120 913910 561612 221122 484110 238210 Other electric power generation Electric bulk power transmission and control Environmental consulting services Other scientific and technical consulting services Head offices Office administrative services Landscaping services Waste collection Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair (except automotive and electronic) and maintenance Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance Wholesale trade agents and brokers Other local, municipal, and regional public administration Security guard and patrol services Electric power distribution General freight trucking, local Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors Number of companies of different sizes by Number of employees No. Total employees 1 –4 5– 9 10– 19 20– 49 50– 99 100– 199 200– 499 500+ 543 721 354 206 78 59 18 5 1 0 6 6 2 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 4 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of companies of different sizes by Number of employees No. Total employees 1 –4 5– 9 10– 19 20– 49 50– 99 100– 199 200– 499 500+ 72 30 12 8 2 7 0 1 0 0 6 9 2 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 1,444 691 551 58 44 24 12 1 1 0 5,707 2,249 2,064 96 58 20 6 3 2 0 61 2,221 1,566 159 587 1,081 1,414 195 121 785 743 98 88 116 376 38 102 68 163 26 123 57 93 28 52 28 26 2 39 11 10 3 36 6 3 0 26 10 0 0 3,697 2,918 2,176 363 237 100 23 9 9 1 466 362 250 55 31 18 6 2 0 0 521 460 307 74 46 21 9 2 1 0 68 330 70 49 58 39 47 39 19 9 127 111 27 14 15 29 6 3 12 5 61 3,835 63 1,825 17 1,544 7 159 17 68 9 43 4 7 3 4 4 0 2 0 2,360 2,200 1,291 404 206 184 77 19 13 6 Alberta Solar PV Value Chain Opportunities SOLAS ENERGY CONSULTING 62 Appendix F Statistics Canada — Alberta Employees by NOCS Code To explore the talent pool that the solar PV industry could draw from in Alberta, Solas queried the Statistics Canada Census from 2016 for the number of jobs by National Occupation Classification (NOC) code. The relevant NOC codes were pulled for the value chain model and sorted by life stage of a project. The table below (Table 13) outlines the results. Please note that NOC codes are limited in detail, and some jobs were not distinguishable, such as lawyers. Area Development Design Manufacturing Install O&M, Decommissioning Position Title 2016 NOC Median Salary Number jobs Land acquisition specialist 1225 $ 80,000 6,155 Business administration — Renewables planning 1122 $ 89,133 5,010 Environmental scientist 4161 $ 97,820 2,450 Resource scientist 2115 $ 98,073 100 Meteorologist 2114 $ 83,229 140 Financial adviser 111 $ 100,354 6,025 Project engineer/ Project manager 211 $ 162,008 2,335 Civil engineer 2131 $ 109,348 6,450 Electrical engineer (including power engineer) 2133 $ 118,700 4,795 Industrial and manufacturing (includes quality engineer) 2141 $ 134,624 1,555 Assembler and fabricator 9525 $ 54,598 90 Logistician/Supply chain supervisor 1215 $ 64,436 4,105 Construction manager 711 $ 101,121 10,045 Electrician technician 2242 $ 59,592 4,015 Construction labourer 7611 $ 55,241 10,180 Construction Inspector 2263 $ 88,639 1,480 Asset manager 125 $ 74,235 1,930 Site manager (facility O&M) 714 $ 81,737 6,035 Environmental science technician (civil technical) 2231 $ 85,678 1,840 Meteorological technician 2255 $ 80,565 1,115 Table 13: Statistics Canada — Alberta Jobs by NOC code Solas Energy Consulting Inc. Suite 119, 2-2009 33 Ave SW Calgary, Alberta T2T 1Z5 Phone: 403.454.9463 Email: pmcgarrigle@solasenergyconsulting.com Web: www.solasenergyconsulting.com