This Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation poll was conducted by telephone January 15 – March 29, 2015, among a random national sample of 1,053 adults age 17 to 26 who are current or recent undergraduate students at a four-year U.S. college since 2011 and lived on or near campus. Surveys were conducted on both conventional and cellular phones. The results from the full survey have a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points. Sampling, data collection and tabulation by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS) of Media, Pa. See Methodology appendix on page 23 for full details. *= less than 0.5 percent NOTE: Current students were asked the questions in the present tense, indicated where applicable in the first part of the pararenthetical text within the question. Former students were asked the questions in the past tense and read the language in the second half of the parentheses. SCREENER S0a. What is your age? S0b. Could you please tell me if you are under age 17, 17 to 26 years old, or older than 26? All Men Women ------- 17-20 ---------NET 17 18 19 20 32 * 8 13 11 33 * 7 14 12 32 * 8 13 11 ------------ 21-26 -------------NET 21 22 23 24 25 26 68 11 16 13 11 11 5 67 10 14 10 12 14 7 68 11 18 17 11 8 4 No opin. - S1. (Ask if age 17-26) Are you currently a FULL TIME student at a 4-year college or university in the U.S., at a community college, at a vocational or technical school, or are you currently not a student? [ONLY FULL TIME 4-YEAR STUDENTS QUALIFY.] S2. (Ask current full-time stsudents) During the school year, do you live on campus, near campus in an area where other students live, or farther away from campus? [ONLY STUDENTS LIVING ON OR NEAR CAMPUS QUALIFY.] All Men Women On Campus 55 54 55 Near campus in an area where other students live 45 46 45 Further away from campus - No opinion - S3. (Ask current full-time students who lives near campus in an area where other students live) Is that in an apartment or house you rent, in a fraternity or sorority house, with your parents, or somewhere else? All Men Women An apartment or house you rent 95 94 96 Fraternity or sorority house 1 2 * 1 With parents - Somewhere else 2 1 3 No opin. - S1/S2/S3. Combo Table based on current students Currently attend full-time 4 year college/university Live on campus Live near campus where other students live In an apartment/house that you rent In a fraternity/sorority house Staying with family/friends Somewhere else All 100 55 45 43 1 1 1 Men 100 54 46 44 1 1 1 Women 100 55 45 43 * * 1 S11. Since 2011, did you attend full-time a 4-year college or university, a community college in the U.S., or a vocational or technical school? [ONLY FULL TIME 4-YEAR STUDENTS QUALIFY.] S12. (Ask recent students) When you attended a 4-year college or university full time, did you live on campus, near campus in an area where other students live, or farther away from campus? All Men Women On Campus 64 64 64 Near campus in an area where other students live 45 44 46 Further away from campus 3 3 3 No opinion - Note: Percentages will add to more than 100 due to multiple responses. S13. (Ask recent students who lived near campus in an area where other students live) When you lived near campus in an area with other students, was that in an apartment or house you rented, in a fraternity or sorority house, with your parents, or somewhere else? All Men Women An apartment or house you rent 95 95 95 Fraternity or sorority house 3 3 3 With parents - Somewhere else 1 1 No opin. - S11/S12/S13. Combo Table based on recent students Recently attended full-time 4 year college/university Lived on campus Lived near campus where other students live In an apartment/house that you rent In a fraternity/sorority house Staying with family/friends Somewhere else All Men Women 64 45 43 2 * * 64 44 42 2 1 - 64 46 44 2 1 Note: Percentages will add to more than 100 due to multiple responses. 2 S1/S2/S3/S11/S12/S13. Combo Table Currently attend full-time 4 year college/university Live on campus Live near campus where other students live In an apartment/house that you rent In a fraternity/sorority house Staying with family/friends Somewhere else Recently attended full-time 4 year college/university Lived on campus Lived near campus where other students live In an apartment/house that you rent In a fraternity/sorority house Staying with family/friends Somewhere else All 52 28 24 22 * * * 48 31 22 21 1 * * Men 54 29 25 24 1 1 * 46 29 20 19 1 * - Women 49 27 22 21 * * 1 51 32 23 22 1 * Student Status Table All Men Women Current student 52 54 49 Recent student 48 46 51 Gender All Male 49 Female 51 MAIN SURVEY IF CURRENT STUDENT READ: For the following questions, please answer about the 4-year college or university you currently attend full-time, even if you have attended others in the past. IF RECENT GRAD READ: For the following questions, please answer about the 4-year college or university you most recently attended full-time while living on or near a campus. 1. I’m going to read you a list of things that may or may not (be/have been) a problem at your college or university. How big of a problem, if at all, do you think (INSERT 1st ITEM) (is/was) at your school? (Is/Was) this a big problem, somewhat of a problem, a small problem, or not much of a problem? What about (INSERT NEXT ITEM)? a. Sexual assault All Men Women ------ Problem ------NET Big Somewhat - Less of a problem -NET Small Not much 37 33 41 62 66 59 12 9 15 25 24 26 22 22 23 40 44 36 No opin. 1 1 * Compare to: Kaiser Family Foundation national poll of U.S. adults, 3/15/15 How big of a problem, if at all, do you think sexual assault is on college campuses today? Is this a big problem, somewhat of a problem, a small problem, or not much of a problem? Adults 88 57 31 9 6 3 3 3 b. Alcohol and drug use All 56 Men 54 Women 58 18 17 19 38 37 40 43 45 41 22 23 22 21 23 19 1 1 * 7 6 9 19 15 23 73 78 68 22 26 18 51 52 49 1 1 * e. Property crime, such as theft, burglary, or vandalism All 29 7 22 70 27 Men 26 6 20 73 30 Women 32 8 24 68 23 44 43 44 * * * Item c held for release. d. Sexism All Men Women 26 21 32 2. Which of the following best describes you (while you were in college)? [OPTIONS ROTATED] I (spend/spent) most of my time studying, I (study/studied) a lot but (have/had) time for other things, I (study/studied) just enough to get by? All Men Women Spend most of time studying 14 13 15 Study a lot but time for other things 66 63 68 Study just enough to get by 20 23 17 Didn’t really study (vol.) * * - No opin. - NO Q.3 4. How much of a role, if any, (do/did) college sports play in the social life of students at your campus – a major role, a minor role, or (do/did) they not play a role? All Men Women Major role 43 44 43 Minor role 47 45 48 Not a role 9 11 8 School didn’t have sports (vol.) * * - 5. (Does/Did) your school have fraternities, or not? All Men Women Yes 78 82 74 No 21 17 25 No opinion 1 1 1 6. (Does/Did) your school have sororities, or not? All Men Women Yes 77 79 75 No 22 19 24 No opinion 1 2 1 4 No opin. 1 1 1 Questions 7 through 9 held for release. 10. Would you describe your college as a party school, or not? All Men Women Yes 37 37 36 No 62 62 62 No opinion 1 * 2 READ TO EVERYONE: Some of the next questions use explicit language, about sexual situations and sexual assualt, and may be upsetting. If you would like to talk to someone immediately about any of these issues, let me know at any time and I will give you some information. 11. How often, if at all, would you say the subject of sexual assault comes up in discussions with your friends? Often, sometimes, rarely or never? All Men Women --- Often/Sometimes --NET Often Sometimes 26 7 20 20 4 16 33 9 23 --- Rarely/Never --NET Rarely Never 74 41 32 80 43 37 67 40 28 No opinion - 12. I’m going to read you a list of groups that may or may not have a role in sexual assault prevention. For each,(thinking about when you were a student) please tell me if you think they (are/were) doing enough or not doing enough to prevent sexual assault at your college or university. First/Next (is/are/was/were) (INSERT) doing enough, or not doing enough to prevent sexual assaults at your school? Yes, doing enough a. The university administration All 71 Men 77 Women 65 No, not enough Do not have a role (vol.) Attend all male/female school (vol.) No op. 25 19 32 * * - - 3 3 3 b. Female students All Men Women 74 77 71 21 17 24 1 * 1 * * - 4 5 4 c. Male students All Men Women 48 54 41 47 42 51 * 1 * 1 5 4 6 d. (Ask if school has fraternities) Fraternities All 33 54 Men 38 49 Women 28 60 1 1 1 - 11 11 11 e. (Ask if school has sororities) Sororities All 52 36 Men 58 29 Women 45 43 1 1 2 - 11 12 10 5 13. (Does/Did) your school have any type of sexual assault prevention program, or not? All Men Women Yes 72 73 70 No 15 13 16 No opinion 14 13 14 14. (Ask if school has any type of sexual prevention program) How seriously, if at all, do you think students take your school’s sexual assault prevention programs? Very seriously, somewhat seriously, not too seriously, or not at all seriously? All Men Women ------ Serious -----NET Very Somewhat 73 20 53 78 23 55 68 17 52 ------ Not serious -----NET Not too Not at all 25 21 4 21 18 3 30 25 5 No opin. 1 1 2 13/14. Combo Table School has any type of sexual assault prevention program Seriously (NET) Students take it very seriously Students take it somewhat seriously Not seriously (NET) Students take it not too seriously Students take it not at all seriously Don’t know/refused School does not have any type of sexual assault prevention program No opinion All Men Women 72 52 14 38 18 15 3 1 73 57 17 40 15 13 3 1 70 48 12 36 21 17 4 1 15 14 13 13 16 14 15. (Have/Did) you (received/receive) training in your school’s policies and procedures regarding incidents of sexual assault, or not? (If needed, “For example, what is defined as sexual assault, how to report an incident, confidential resources, procedures for investigating) All Men Women Yes 53 52 54 No 45 47 43 No opinion 2 2 3 16. (Ask if received training in school’s polocies/procedures regarding incidents of sexual assault) How useful, if at all, did you think the training was? Very useful, somewhat useful, not too useful or not at all useful? All Men Women ------ Useful ------NET Very Somewhat 80 25 55 78 22 56 82 27 55 ------- Not useful -----NET Not too Not at all 20 16 4 21 17 4 18 14 4 6 No opin. * 1 - 15/16. Combo Table All Received training in school’s policies/ procedures regarding incidents of sexual assault Useful (NET) Very useful Somewhat useful Not useful (NET) Not too useful Not at all useful Don’t know/refused Did not receive training in school’s policies/ procedures regarding incidents of sexual assault No opinion Men Women 53 42 13 29 10 8 2 * 52 40 11 29 11 9 2 1 54 44 15 30 10 8 2 - 45 2 47 2 43 3 17. (Have/Did) you (received/receive) training in what to do if you see a situation that might lead to sexual assault, or not? All Men Women Yes 49 51 47 No 50 48 51 No opinion 2 1 2 18. (Ask if received training in what to do if see a situation that might lead to sexual assault) How useful, if at all, did you think the training was? Very useful, somewhat useful, not too useful or not at all useful? All Men Women ------ Useful ------NET Very Somewhat 87 41 46 86 38 48 88 44 44 ------- Not useful -----NET Not too Not at all 13 10 3 14 11 3 12 9 3 No opin. * * 1 17/18. Combo Table All Received training in what to do if see a situation that might lead to sexual assault Useful (NET) Very useful Somewhat useful Not useful (NET) Not too useful Not at all useful Don’t know/refused Did not receive training in what to do if see a Situation that might lead to sexual assault No opinion 7 Men Women 49 42 20 22 6 5 1 * 51 43 19 24 7 6 2 * 47 41 20 21 6 4 1 * 50 2 48 1 51 2 19. Thinking about what your college can do to prevent sexual assault, how effective, if at all, would each of the following be on (your campus/the campus where you attended college)? Would (INSERT 1ST ITEM) be very effective, somewhat effective, not too effective, or not at all effective in preventing sexual assault on your campus. What about (INSERT NEXT ITEM)? *Compare to: Kaiser Family Foundation national poll of U.S. adults, 3/15/15 Thinking about what colleges can do to prevent sexual assault, how effective, if at all, would each of the following be? a. Requiring all students to participate in sexual assault prevention programs ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat All 79 29 50 Men 73 23 50 Women 85 35 51 Adults* 78 37 41 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 20 16 5 26 20 7 14 12 3 22 14 8 No opinion * 1 * 1 b. Harsher punishments for those found guilty of sexual assault All Men Women Adults* ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat 85 52 33 81 46 36 88 58 30 89 60 29 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 14 11 4 17 11 6 11 10 1 8 5 3 No opinion 1 1 1 2 c. Stronger enforcement of alcohol restrictions on campus All Men Women Adults* ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat 47 15 32 48 15 33 46 15 31 76 44 32 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 52 31 21 50 29 21 53 32 21 23 14 9 No opinion 1 2 1 1 d. (Ask if school has fraternities/sororities) Eliminating social fraternities and sororities entirely All Men Women Adults* ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat 26 6 20 28 7 21 24 6 18 45 19 26 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 73 32 41 71 30 42 75 35 41 53 25 28 No opinion 1 1 1 3 e. Training students on how to physically defend themselves All Men Women Adults* ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat 86 46 40 84 41 43 89 52 37 90 52 38 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 13 10 4 16 12 5 11 7 3 9 6 3 8 No opinion * * 1 f. Training students in how to identify and intervene in potentially harmful situations All Men Women Adults* ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat 91 48 42 88 42 46 93 54 39 87 48 39 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 9 7 2 11 9 3 7 6 1 11 7 4 No opinion * * 2 20. Thinking about what students can do to prevent sexual assault, how effective, if at all, would each of the following be on (your campus/the campus where you attended college)? Would (INSERT 1ST ITEM) be very effective, somewhat effective, not too effective, or not at all effective in preventing sexual assault on your campus. What about (INSERT NEXT ITEM)? *Compare to: Kaiser Family Foundation national poll of U.S. adults, 3/15/15 Thinking about what college students can do to prevent sexual assault, how effective, if at all, would each of the following be? a. Avoiding casual hookups All Men Women Adults* ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat 64 24 39 60 21 39 67 27 39 74 40 34 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 35 22 13 38 26 12 32 18 15 23 13 10 No opinion 1 2 1 3 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 6 4 2 7 5 2 5 4 1 6 4 2 No opinion 1 2 * 2 b. Men respecting women more All Men Women Adults* ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat 93 68 25 90 64 26 95 71 24 92 70 22 c. Women wearing more modest clothing when they go out socially All Men Women Adults* ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat 39 13 26 43 14 29 35 12 23 61 33 28 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 61 27 34 56 27 29 65 27 39 38 17 21 No opinion * 1 1 ----- Not effective ----NET Not too Not at all 22 14 8 19 13 6 24 15 9 10 7 3 No opinion 1 1 * 1 d. Drinking less alcohol All Men Women Adults* ----- Effective ----NET Very Somewhat 78 33 44 79 34 45 76 33 43 90 58 32 9 21. In general, when you hear that a man is accused of sexually assaulting a woman on campus, do you generally think the (woman) is more to blame, the (man) is more to blame or do both share the blame? All Men Women Man more to blame 65 60 70 Woman more to blame 1 1 1 Both share the blame 28 33 24 Neither are to blame (vol.) 1 1 * No opinion 5 6 5 22. I’m going to read you several statements about sex and sexual assault. common would you say this attitude among students (is/was) on your campus? First/Next, (INSERT)? (Is/Was) that attitude…? How a. If a woman is sexually assaulted while she is drunk, she is at least somewhat responsible for what happened All Men Women ------ Common ------NET Very Somewhat 53 16 37 46 12 35 60 20 40 ------ Not common ------NET Not too Not at all 45 28 17 52 32 20 39 24 15 No opinion 1 2 1 b. When women go to parties wearing revealing clothes, they are asking for trouble All Men Women ------ Common ------NET Very Somewhat 51 17 35 43 13 30 59 20 39 ------ Not common ------NET Not too Not at all 48 30 18 56 37 19 40 23 17 No opinion 1 1 1 c. Sexual assault accusations are often used by women as a way of getting back at men All Men Women ------ Common ------NET Very Somewhat 34 7 28 34 5 29 35 8 27 ------ Not common ------NET Not too Not at all 64 39 25 65 42 23 64 37 27 No opinion 1 1 1 d. If both people are drunk, it can’t be sexual assault All Men Women ------ Common ------NET Very Somewhat 48 14 33 44 14 30 51 15 36 ------ Not common ------NET Not too Not at all 50 29 21 53 30 23 47 28 19 No opinion 2 3 2 23a. (Since starting college have you/When you were in college did you) ever (Stepped/Step) in and (separated/separate) people involved in a situation you thought could have led to a sexual assault, or not? All Men Women Yes 28 24 31 No 66 69 62 Never in that situation (vol.) 6 6 6 No opinion 1 1 * 10 23b. (Since starting college have you/When you were in college did you) ever (asked/ask) someone you thought was sexually assaulted if they needed help or support, or not? Never in that No Yes No situation (vol.) opinion All 30 60 10 * Men 26 64 10 * Women 34 56 10 * 24. Do you think the share of women that have been sexually assaulted at your school is (more) than 1 in 5, (less) than 1 in 5 or about 1 in 5? IF UNSURE: Just your best guess is fine. All Men Women More than 1 in 5 12 11 14 Less than 1 in 5 49 58 41 About 1 in 5 38 31 44 No opinion 1 1 1 25. How often, if at all, do you think sexual assaults involving students are reported to authorities? Often, sometimes, rarely or almost never? All Men Women -- Often/Sometimes -NET Often Sometimes 33 7 26 39 10 29 27 5 22 ---------- Rarely/Never ------------NET Rarely Almost never Never (vol) 67 49 18 * 61 45 15 * 73 52 21 * No op. * 1 - 26. How often, if at all, do you think students claim sexual assault when it didn’t actually occur? Often, sometimes, rarely or almost never? All Men Women -- Often/Sometimes -NET Often Sometimes 26 4 22 31 5 26 20 3 17 ---------- Rarely/Never ------------NET Rarely Almost never Never (vol) 73 42 31 1 68 43 25 * 78 41 36 1 No op. 1 1 2 27. When a woman (reports/reported) a sexual assault at your school, how likely (is/was) it that she (will/would) be criticized by other students? Very likely, somewhat likely, not too likely or not at all likely? All Men Women ------ Likely ------NET Very Somewhat 36 11 24 29 7 22 42 15 27 ------- Not likely ------NET Not too Not at all 63 37 26 69 39 30 57 35 21 11 No opin. 2 2 1 28. When a woman (is/was) sexually assaulted at your school, how likely (is/was) it that the person who committed the assault (will/would) be punished by the school or police? Very likely, somewhat likely, not too likely or not at all likely? All Men Women ------ Likely ------NET Very Somewhat 78 50 28 83 59 24 73 42 31 ------- Not likely ------NET Not too Not at all 19 14 6 13 8 5 26 19 6 No opin. 3 3 2 29. For each of the following, please tell me if you think the situation IS sexual assault, IS NOT sexual assault or is it unclear. First/Next (INSERT). Do you think this IS sexual assault or IS NOT sexual assault or is it unclear? a. Sexual activity when one person is incapacitated or passed out Yes 96 95 97 All Men Women No 1 1 * Unclear 3 4 2 No opinion * * - b. Sexual activity when both people are under the influence of alcohol or drugs Yes 21 18 24 All Men Women No 19 25 14 Unclear 59 56 63 No opinion * 1 - c. Sexual activity when both people have not given clear agreement Yes 47 42 52 All Men Women No 6 7 6 Unclear 46 50 42 No opinion * 1 - 30. What letter grade would you give your college or university based on the way they deal with sexual assault complaints? A, B, C, D or F? All Men Women A 29 33 24 B 40 42 38 C 19 14 23 D 6 5 8 F 2 1 3 No opinion 4 3 4 31. How confident are you in your school administration’s ability to address complaints of sexual assault fairly? Very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident or not at all confident? All Men Women ----- Confident ----NET Very Somewhat 84 40 44 90 44 45 79 35 43 ------ Not confident ----NET Not too Not at all 15 12 3 10 7 2 21 17 4 12 No opinion * * * 32. Which of the following do you think is MORE unfair: (An innocent person getting kicked out of college after being accused of sexual assault) or (A person who commits sexual assault getting away with it)? All Men Women An innocent person getting kicked out 42 49 36 A person who commits sexual assault getting away with it 49 42 56 Both (vol.) 6 7 6 No opinion 3 3 1 Compare to: Kaiser Family Foundation national poll of U.S. adults, 3/15/15 Adults 44 47 6 3 33. Which of the following comes closer to your view: (As a serious crime, sexual assault complaints should only be investigated by police) or (As an issue regarding student conduct it is appropriate for colleges to investigate sexual assault cases)? All Men Women Only investigate by police 48 53 43 Appropriate for colleges to investigate 47 42 52 Depends (vol.) 3 3 3 No opinion 2 2 2 Compare to: Kaiser Family Foundation national poll of U.S. adults, 3/15/15 Adults 60 30 5 4 34. If a victim of sexual assault chooses NOT to take the complaint to police but wants the incident to be investigated, do you think schools should be required to investigate, or not? All Men Women Yes 83 80 86 No 16 19 13 No opinion * * 1 READ TO EVERYONE: On another subject… 35. Do you think if a person (INSERT 1ST ITEM) this establishes consent for MORE sexual activity, or not? What about if someone (INSERT NEXT ITEM)? a. takes off their own clothes All Men Women Yes 47 50 44 No 49 45 52 Depends (vol.) 3 3 3 No opinion 1 2 1 Depends (vol.) 4 4 4 No opinion 1 2 1 b. gets a condom All Men Women Yes 40 43 38 No 54 51 58 13 c. nods in agreement All Men Women Yes 54 58 51 No 40 36 44 Depends (vol.) 3 3 3 No opinion 3 3 3 d. engages in foreplay such as kissing or touching All Men Women Yes 22 30 15 No 74 66 82 Depends (vol.) 3 3 3 No opinion * * * e. does not say ‘no’ All Men Women Yes 18 20 16 No 77 75 80 Depends (vol.) 3 4 2 No opinion 1 1 1 36. Are you familiar with the Yes Means Yes standard of consent, meaning that both parties must clearly agree before engaging in sexual activity, or not? All Men Women Yes 83 83 83 No 16 16 17 No opinion * 1 * 37. In practice, how realistic is the Yes Means Yes Standard when individuals are initiating and engaging in any sexual activity? (IF NEEDED: Yes Means Yes standard means both parties must clearly agree before engaging in sexual activity) All Men Women ----- Realistic ----NET Very Somewhat 69 20 49 65 17 48 72 22 50 ----- Not realistic -----NET Not too Not at all 30 22 8 34 24 10 26 20 6 No opinion 1 1 2 38. Which of the following do you think is the better standard to use when determining whether sexual activity is consensual or not? (A Yes Means Yes standard, where both parties must clearly agree before engaging in sexual activity), (A No Means No standard, where sexual activity must stop if one person objects), or, in practice, is there not much difference? All Men Women Yes means Yes standard 34 33 34 No means No standard 42 40 43 Not much difference 23 26 21 14 No opinion 2 1 2 READ: On a different topic ... 39. What best describes your dating status during most of your time in college: In a relationship, hooking up from time to time, not in a relationship and not hooking up with anyone? All Men Women In a relationship 46 41 51 Hooking up from time to time 23 29 16 Not in a relationship and not hooking up 30 29 32 Married (vol.) 1 1 1 No opin. * * * 40. (While you were in college) Which of the following better describes the types of relationships among your friends and people you know: (they mostly [get/got] together in casual hookups) or (they mostly [go/went] out on dates)? All Men Women Mostly casual hookups 44 44 45 Mostly dates 53 53 53 No opinion 2 3 2 41. While at school, (do you/did you) attend parties more than once a week, about once a week, once or twice a month, or less often than that? More than once a week All 12 Men 14 Women 10 About once a week 24 24 24 Once or twice a month 26 28 24 Less often 35 31 40 Not attend parties (vol) 2 2 2 No opin. * 1 - 42. When you (drink/drank) alcohol socially (while in college), how often would you say you (drink/drank) more than you should? Often, sometimes, rarely or never? All Men Women --- Often/Sometimes --NET Often Sometimes 38 16 22 41 19 23 35 14 21 ----------- Rarely/Never -----------NET Rarely Never Not drink (vol) 58 30 27 4 56 29 27 3 60 32 28 5 No opin. * * - 43. (Ask if a woman) (When you go to parties/When you went to parties in college), how worried, if at all, (are/were) you that you might be sexually assaulted or have sex with someone when you were unable to give consent? Very worried, somewhat worried, not too worried or not at all worried? Women ----- Worried ----NET Very Somewhat 13 4 9 ----- Not worried -----NET Not too Not at all 84 32 51 15 Not attend parties (vol) 3 No op * READ: Next, I have just a few questions we will use to describe the people who took part in our survey… 44. Would you say your views in most matters are liberal, moderate or conservative? All Men Women Liberal 41 36 45 Moderate 37 40 34 Conservative 20 22 18 Other (vol.) 1 * 1 No opinion 1 1 2 45. Are you, yourself, of Hispanic or Latino background, such as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or some other Spanish background? All Men Women Yes 13 12 14 No 87 88 86 No opinion * * * 46. What is your race? Are you white, black, Asian or some other race? All Men Women White 72 77 67 Black 15 13 16 Asian 6 5 7 Hispanic 2 1 4 Other/mixed race 5 4 6 No opinion 1 1 1 Race Summary Table: All Men Women White non-Hisp 64 67 60 Black non-Hisp 14 12 16 Hispanic 13 12 14 Asian 6 5 7 Other 3 3 3 No opinion 1 1 * 45/46a. Combo Table All Men Women ----------------- Hispanic ------------------NET Born in Born in Born in U.S. Puerto Rico another country 13 10 * 3 12 9 * 3 14 11 * 2 Not Hispanic 87 88 86 47. (Are/Were) you a member of a social (fraternity/sorority), or not? All Men Women --- Fraternity/Sorority --NET Fraternity Sorority 17 9 8 17 17 1 17 2 16 No 82 82 82 16 No opinion * * * 48. Aside from weddings and funerals how often do you attend religious services... more than once a week, once a week, once or twice a month, a few times a year, seldom, or never? More than once a week All 8 Men 10 Women 6 Once a week 16 11 20 Once or twice a month 16 16 15 A few times a year 19 17 22 Seldom 17 17 17 Never 24 28 20 No op * * - 49. If you were asked to use one of the following five names for the social class, you grew up in, which would you say you belong in? (ROTATE) Upper calss, upper-middle class, middle class, lower-middle class or lower class? All Men Women --- Upper Class ---UpperNET Upper Middle 32 3 29 34 4 30 30 3 27 Middle Class 44 46 42 --- Lower Class ---LowerNET Middle Lower 24 20 4 19 17 3 29 23 6 No opinion * 1 - READ TO EVERYONE: I have just a few more questions. Let me remind you that this is a completely confidential interview and your personal information will not be shared with others... Now I’m going to ask some questions about FIVE types of unwanted sexual contact or sexual assault: Forced touching of a sexual nature (READ IF NEEDED: forced kissing, touching of private parts, grabbing, fondling, rubbing up against you in a sexual way, even if it is over your clothes) Oral sex (READ IF NEEDED: someone’s mouth or tongue making contact with your genitals or your mouth or tongue making contact with someone else’s genitals) Sexual intercourse (READ IF NEEDED: IF FEMALE: someone’s penis being put in your vagina. IF MALE: someone made you put your penis in their vagina) Anal sex (READ IF NEEDED: ALL: someone’s penis being put in your anus. IF MALE: Or someone made you put your penis in their anus) And, Sexual penetration with a finger or object (READ IF NEEDED: someone putting their finger or an object in (IF FEMALE: your vagina or anus/IF MALE: your anus). 50. (Since starting college, have you had/While you were in college, did) a friend or acquaintance tell you that they were the victim of a sexual assault? Yes or no? All Men Women Yes 30 23 37 No 69 76 63 No opinion * * * 50a. (Ask if have friend/acquaintance tell them they were a victim of sexual assault) How many women told you this? All Men Women None 2 5 - 1 37 42 33 2 29 31 29 3 11 12 10 4+ 21 10 27 No opinion * 1 17 50b. (Ask if have friend/acquaintance tell them they were a victim of sexual assault) How many men told you this? All Men Women None 70 68 72 1 16 23 12 2 9 5 12 3 1 1 1 4+ 3 3 3 No opinion * 1 - 51. Do you personally know any men on campus who have been accused of sexual assault? All Men Women Yes 21 18 24 No 79 82 76 No opinion * * * 51a. (Ask if personally know any men on campus who have been accused of sexual assault) How many men? All Men Women 1 63 68 60 2 21 18 24 3 7 8 7 4+ 7 6 8 No opinion 1 1 - COMPLETED OR ATTEMPTED SEXUAL ASSAULT BY FORCE OR THREAT OF FORCE READ TO EVERYONE: Now I’m going to ask about unwanted sexual contact you may have experienced. This could have been with a stranger or someone you know, such as a family member or someone you were dating. READ TO EVERYONE: The next two questions ask about unwanted sexual contact that involved force or threats of force against you. Force could include someone holding you down with his or her body weight, pinning your arms, hitting or kicking you, or using or threatening to use a weapon against you. 52. (Since starting college/While you were in college) (has/did) anyone (had/have) sexual contact with you by using physical force or threatening to physically harm you? Yes or no? All Men Women Yes 5 1 9 No 95 99 91 No opinion * * * 53. (Since starting college/While you were in college) (has/did) anyone (attempted/attempt) but not succeeded in having sexual contact with you by using or threatening to use physical force against you? Yes or no? All Men Women Yes 7 2 11 No 93 98 89 No opinion * * * 18 INCAPACITATED SEXUAL ASSAULT READ TO EVERYONE: The next two questions ask about your experiences with unwanted sexual contact while you were unable to provide consent or stop what was happening because you were passed out, drugged, or drunk, incapacitated, or asleep. These situations might include times that you voluntarily consumed alcohol or drugs and times that you were given drugs without your knowledge or consent. 54.(Since starting college/While you were in college), (has/did) someone (had/have) sexual contact with you when you were unable to provide consent or stop what was happening because you were incapacitated? This question asks about incidents that you are certain happened. Yes or no? All Men Women Yes 9 4 14 No 91 96 86 No opinion * * * 55. (Since starting college/While you were in college), (have/did) you (suspected/suspect) that someone (has had/had) sexual contact with you when you were unable to provide consent or stop what was happening because you were incapacitated? This question asks about events that you think, but are not certain, happened. Yes or no? All Men Women Yes 6 3 8 No 94 97 92 No opinion * * * COERCION 56. (Since starting college/While you were in college), (has/did) anyone (had/have) sexual contact with you either by making threats of nonphysical punishment, such as being fired from a job or damaging your reputation, or by making promises of rewards, such as raising a grade or inviting you to a party? Yes or no? All Men Women Yes 3 1 4 No 97 98 96 No opinion * * * 52/54. Combo Table All 12 5 9 Men 5 1 4 Women 20 9 14 All NET, any incident occurred 17 Forcible, completed (Q52) 5 Forcible, attempted (Q53) 7 Incapacitated, certain (Q54) 9 Incapacitated, suspected (Q55) 6 Coercion (Q56) 3 No incident 83 Men 7 1 2 4 3 1 93 Women 25 9 11 14 8 4 75 NET, either incident occurred Forcible, completed (Q52) Incapacitated, certain (Q54) 52/53/54/55/56. Combo Table 19 INCIDENT DETAILS Earlier you indicated that (since starting college/while you were in college), someone has had unwanted sexual contact with you. If you have had more than one unwanted sexual experience (since starting college/while in college), please answer the next questions about the MOST SERIOUS INCIDENT (SINCE STARTING COLLEGE/WHILE IN COLLEGE) 57. (Ask if say any incident occurred) Did you know that person very well, fairly well, not too well, or not well at all? All Women ------- Well -----NET Very Fairly 48 21 27 47 22 25 -------- Not well -------NET Not too Not at all 50 20 30 51 23 28 No opinion 2 2 58. (Ask if say any incident occurred) What year were you in school when this happened? Was it during your first year, second year, third year, fourth year or later than that? All Women First year 37 35 Second year 30 31 Third year 17 17 Fourth year 12 13 Later 4 2 No opin. 1 1 59. (Ask if say any incident occurred) Just prior to the incident, had you been drinking alcohol? Keep in mind that you are in no way responsible for the assault that occurred, even if you had been drinking. All Women Yes 67 62 No 32 36 No opinion 1 1 60. (Ask if say any incident occurred) Just prior to the incident, had you voluntarily been taking or using any drugs other than alcohol? Keep in mind that you are in no way responsible for the assault that occurred, even if you had been taking or using drugs. All Women Yes 15 10 No 85 88 No opinion 1 1 61. (Asked if say any incident occurred) Just prior to the incident, do you think you had been given a drug without your knowledge or consent? All Women Yes 9 9 No 86 84 No opinion 6 7 62. (Ask if say any incident occurred) Did you tell anyone about the incident, or not? All Women Yes 75 71 No 25 27 No opinion 1 1 20 63. (Ask if say any incident occurred and they told someone about it) Did you tell police or university authorities about the incident, or not? All Yes 15 No 85 No opinion - 62/63. Combo Table based on those reporting an incident Told someone about it Told police/university authorities Did not tell police/university authorities Dk/ref Did not tell anyone about it No opinion All 75 11 63 25 1 Women 71 12 59 27 1 64. (Ask if say any incident occurred) Was anyone held responsible or punished for the incident, or not? All Women Yes 10 10 No 89 89 No opinion 1 1 Demographics READ: Finally just a few more questions to describe the people who took part in the survey. 65. (Ask if currently a student) What year are you in school? First year or freshman All 25 Men 24 Women 26 Second year or sophmore 25 26 24 Third year or junior 22 22 21 Fourth year/ senior 24 25 24 More than that 4 3 6 No opin. * * * 66. (Ask if recent student) In what year did you graduate? 2010* 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Did not graduate No opinion All 2 8 19 24 28 3 13 3 Men 1 12 18 23 22 * 17 6 Women 2 4 19 25 33 5 10 2 *Eight respondents reported graduating in 2010, appearing to conflict with their report in screening questions about attending at a four-year college or University since 2011. This could have been caused by an errant answer to the screener, to the graduation year question, interviewer typing error or some other complication. Given the lack of clarity, these respondents are included in the final data. 67. How close (is/was) your college or university to where your parent or guardian (lives/lived at the time)? All Men Women Less than 2 hours by car 39 38 41 2 to 5 hours 31 32 31 6 or more hours 29 29 28 21 No opinion * 1 * 68. What is the name of your college or university? IF NEEDED: Which school were you thinking about when answering these questions? 69. What is your current zip code? REGION All Men Women Northeast 21 22 20 Midwest 23 22 23 South 36 37 35 West 20 18 21 METRO STATUS All Men Women Urban 36 34 37 Suburban 45 46 45 Rural 14 14 13 22 METHODOLOGICAL DETAILS The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation Survey Project is a partnership combining survey research and reporting to better inform the public. The Survey of Current and Recent College Students on Sexual Assault, the 28th in this series, was conducted by telephone January 15March 29, 2015, among a representative random national sample of 1,053 adults age 17 to 26 who are current or recent undergraduate students at a four-year U.S. college since 2011. Only students who indicated they lived on or near campus were surveyed. Interviews were administered in English, combining random samples of both landline (n=37) and cellular telephones (n=1,016). Sampling, data collection, weighting and tabulation were managed by Social Science Research Solutions (SSRS) in close collaboration with Washington Post and Kaiser Family Foundation researchers. Current and recent 4-year U.S. college students ages 17 to 26 living on or near campus make up about 3% of the national adult population. Because the study targeted this low-incidence population, the sample was designed to increase efficiency in reaching this group by using the following four different sample sources: 1) Interviews on the SSRS Omnibus Survey (n=214): Weekly, random sample landline and cellular phone surveys of the general public were used to identify eligible respondents. After completing the omnibus survey, qualified individuals were then routed to complete the current survey. More detail on the SSRS omnibus methodology can be found at http://wapo.st/ssrsomnibus. 2) Respondents Previously Completing Interviews on the SSRS Omnibus Survey (n=680): Individuals who had previously indicated on a recent national, random sample SSRS omnibus survey that they may fit the eligibility criteria for this study were contacted. Women in this group were oversampled in order to complete as many interviews with women as possible due to the fact that women more often experience sexual assault than men. 3) Fresh Cell Phone Random Digit Dialing (RDD)(n=50): Random sample of cell phone numbers generated by Marketing Systems Group (MSG). 4) Cell Phone RDD Sample of Individuals Previously Identified as Under 18 (n=109): These cases were originally identified during an earlier random sample survey. At the time, the respondent indicated they were under the age of 18. These contacts were made two or more years before the current study. Since about two years had passed since the previous attempt, they were likely to be within the eligible age range and possibly meet other survey eligibility criteria. Regardless of the sample source, all respondents were screened to verify that they were 1) 17 to 26 years old, 2) a current student or had been a student since 2011, 3) attended a 4-year college or university in the U.S. (community and technical college students were excluded), and 4) while at college lived on or near campus where other 23 students lived and not with parents. The screening questions are identified at the beginning of this document as S0a through S3 and S11 through S13. A multi-stage weighting design was applied to ensure an accurate representation of the population of current and recent 4-year college students age 26 and younger who live on or near campus. The first stage of weighting involved corrections for sample design, including accounting for the female oversample used in the prescreened sample, and non-response for the re-contact sample. In the second weighting stage, demographic adjustments were applied to account for systematic non-response along known population parameters. No reliable administrative data were available for creating demographic weighting parameters for this group, since information on residence in proximity to campus or the type of institution for current students are not available in sources such as the Current Population Survey (CPS) or the American Community Survey (ACS). Therefore, demographic benchmarks were derived by compiling a sample of all respondents ages 18-26 interviewed on the SSRS Omnibus survey between September 2014 and March 2015(N=4,598) and weighting this sample to match the national 18-26 year-old population based on the 2013 U.S. Census Current Population Survey March Supplement parameters for age, gender, education, race/ethnicity, region, and population density. This sample was then filtered to include respondents qualifying for the current survey, and the weighted demographics of this group were used as poststratification weighting parameters for the total sample (including gender, age, current or recent student, race/ethnicity, region, and population density). Selected Demographics of Current and Recent College Students Living On or Near Campus ages 17-26 Unweighted TOTAL TOTAL Weighted TOTAL Unweighted % % Total 1,053 100% 100% Gender Male 539 51 49% Female 514 49 51 Age 17-18 85 8% 8% 19-20 271 26 25 21-22 266 25 27 23-26 431 41 41 Race/Ethnicity White, not Hispanic 677 64% 64% African American, not Hispanic 117 11 14 Hispanic 110 10 13 Asian 88 8 6 Other 61 6 4 Region Northeast 240 23 21 Midwest 264 25 23 South 340 32 36 West 209 20 20 24 All sampling error margins have been adjusted to account for the survey’s design effect, which is 1.3 for this survey. The design effect is a factor representing the survey’s deviation from a simple random sample, and takes into account decreases in precision due to sample design and weighting procedures. Sample sizes and margin of sampling errors for key groups are shown below; other subgroups are available by request. Note that sampling error is only one of many potential sources of error in this or any other public opinion poll. Group Total N (unweighted) 1,053 Margin of sampling error (percentage points) ±3.5 Men Women 539 514 ±5 ±5 This questionnaire was administered with the exact questions in the exact order as appears in this document. If a question was asked of a reduced base of the sample, a parenthetical preceding the question identifies the group asked. Current students were asked the questions in the present tense, indicated where applicable in the first part of the parenthetical text within the question. Former students were asked the questions in the past tense and read the language in the second half of the parentheses. Since some of the questions could be sensitive and due to the nature of the survey content, efforts were made to match the gender of the interviewer and the gender of the respondent. In addition, interviewers were given specific instructions on how to cope with respondents who seemed agitated or distressed by the questions, including offering resources to which respondents could turn for support. The Washington Post and the Kaiser Family Foundation each contributed financing for the survey, and representatives of each organization worked together to develop the survey questionnaire and analyze the results. Each organization bears the sole responsibility for the work that appears under its name. The project team from the Kaiser Family Foundation included: Mollyann Brodie, Ph.D., Bianca DiJulio, and Mira Norton. The project team from The Washington Post included: Peyton M. Craighill and Scott Clement. Both the The Washington Post and the Kaiser Family Foundation public opinion and survey research are charter members of the Transparency Initiative of the American Association for Public Opinion Research. Please note: (1) Table percentages may not add to 100 percent due to rounding. (2) Values less than 0.5 percent are indicated by an asterisk (*). (3) “vol.” indicates that a response was volunteered by respondent and not an explicitly offered choice. 25