NORTH CAROLINA STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE Office of Archives and History Department of Cultural Resources NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Flat Rock Historic District, Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease, and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, HN1352, Listed 2/27/2015 Nomination by Clay Griffith Photographs by Clay Griffith, September 2009 Connemara Enchantment .-. him 3 Saint John in the Wilderness Church Flat Rock Historic District Proposed boundary increase, boundary decrease, and additional documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, North Carolina Proposed new boundary Areas '0 be added '0 the d?sirici - Areas to be frarn the district Historic district unaffected by boundary amendments Mac creaer searember 3, 20M . Glassy -?Mountain . unnrn aLA-u-nmun cu" 'Ilrlil CULTURAL - RESOURCES gu? 0 1250 2.500 5300 Feet Historic District Map NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation other names/site number N/A 2. Location Roughly bounded by Rutledge Drive, Dunroy Drive, Mud Creek, Kanuga Road, Little River Road, West Blue street & number Ridge Road, North Highland Lake Drive, and Norfolk-Southern Railroad tracks city or town Flat Rock vicinity N/A not for publication N/A state North Carolina code NC county Henderson code 037 zip code 28731 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this _X_ nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property _X__ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant _X_ nationally ___ statewide ___ locally. ( ___ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) ____________________________________________________ Signature of certifying official ____________________ Date North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources ______________________________________________________ State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property ____ meets ____ does not meet the National Register criteria. ( ___ See continuation sheet for additional comments.) ________________________________________________________________________ Signature of commenting or other official Date ________________________________________________________________________ State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification I, hereby certify that this property is: ____ entered in the National Register ___ See continuation sheet. ____ determined eligible for the National Register ___ See continuation sheet. ____ determined not eligible for the National Register ____ removed from the National Register ____ other (explain): _________________ __________________________ Signature of the Keeper Date of Action Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Henderson County, North Carolina Name of Property County and State 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) X private public-local public-State X public-Federal Category of Property Number of Resources within Property (Check only one box) (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) ___ building(s) X district ___ site ___ structure ___ object Contributing 22 0 3 2 27 Noncontributing 9 0 1 0 10 buildings sites structures objects Total *Boundary Increase only Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) N/A Number of contributing resources previously listed In the National Register 29 6. Function or Use Historic Functions Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) DOMESTIC/single dwelling DOMESTIC/multiple dwelling DOMESTIC/secondary structure DOMESTIC/hotel COMMERCE/business EDUCATION/school RELIGION/religious facility RELIGION/church-related residence FUNERARY/cemetery (see continuation sheet) DOMESTIC/single dwelling DOMESTIC/multiple dwelling DOMESTIC/secondary structure DOMESTIC/hotel COMMERCE/business COMMERCE/specialty store COMMERCE/restaurant SOCIAL/clubhouse GOVERNMENT/city hall (see continuation sheet) 7. Description Architectural Classification Materials (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) Greek Revival Gothic Revival Italianate Second Empire Queen Anne Stick / Eastlake Colonial Revival Classical Revival Tudor Revival French Renaissance Commercial Style (see continuation sheet) foundation roof walls Stone Brick Concrete block Asphalt Metal Stone/slate Synthetics/rubber Wood/shake Wood/weatherboard Wood/shingle Wood/log Wood/plywood Brick (see continuation sheet) Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Henderson County, North Carolina Name of Property County and State 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing) X A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) Architecture Entertainment/Recreation _ B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. Period of Significance 1827 – 1964 _ D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Significant Dates Criteria Considerations (Mark "X" in all the boxes that apply.) N/A Property is: X A owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes. _ B removed from its original location. _ C a birthplace or a grave. _ D a cemetery. Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) N/A Cultural Affiliation N/A _ E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. _ F a commemorative property. _ G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. Architect/Builder Smith, Richard Sharp – architect Stillwell, Erle G. – architect Olmsted Bothers – landscape architect Arms, Brock – architect (see continuation sheet) Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary Location of Additional Data ___ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested. ___ previously listed in the National Register ___ previously determined eligible by the National Register ___ designated a National Historic Landmark ___ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # __________ ___ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # __________ X State Historic Preservation Office ___ Other State agency ___ Federal agency Local government ___ University X Other Name of repository: Pack Memorial Library, Asheville, NC Henderson County Public Library, Hendersonville, NC Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Henderson County, North Carolina Name of Property County and State 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property approx. 4,000 acres UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1 3 Zone 2 __ Easting Northing _______ ______ _ Zone 4 __ _______ Easting Northing _______ ______ x See continuation sheet for latitude/longtitude coordinates Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title Clay Griffith organization Acme Preservation Services, LLC street & number city or town date August 29, 2014 825-C Merrimon Ave., #345 telephone Asheville state NC (828) 281-3852 zip code 28804 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Multiple property owners street & number city or town telephone state zip code Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 6 Page 1 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 6. Function or Use Historic Functions CULTURE/theater CULTURE/music facility CULTURE/sports facility AGRICULTURE/agricultural outbuilding INDUSTRY/mill INDUSTRY/dam HEALTH CARE/clinic TRANSPORTATION/road-related Current Functions GOVERNMENT/fire station GOVERNMENT/post office RELIGION/religious facility RELIGION/church-related residence FUNERARY/cemetery CULTURE/theater CULTURE/music facility CULTURE/sports facility RECREATION/outdoor recreation AGRICULTURE/agricultural outbuilding INDUSTRY/dam HEALTH CARE/resort WORK IN PROGRESS VACANT/NOT IN USE NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 2 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 7. Description Architectural Classification Bungalow / Craftsman Rustic Revival Minimal Traditional Ranch Other Materials Walls Other Stone/granite Metal/aluminum Stucco Synthetics/vinyl Metal/iron Concrete Synthetics/fiberglass NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION The 1973 National Register designation of the Flat Rock Historic District encompassed the largest and most important nineteenth-century estates and historic buildings associated with the formation of a summer resort by Low Country rice planters from South Carolina. Among the earliest districts listed in North Carolina, the Flat Rock Historic District reflects the standards of documentation for its time and did not include a full survey of historic properties within the district. The original nomination identified twenty-eight contributing resources and the site of Diamond in the Desert, which burned in 1960. Twenty-seven of the recorded properties in the original nomination remain extant; the Trenholm-Rhett House was demolished in the late 1970s. The architectural significance of the Flat Rock Historic District derived from the ambitious summer houses and handsome estates of prominent Charleston families, who brought the fashionable architectural styles of the prosperous port city to their rural mountain retreat. The statement of significance for the Flat Rock Historic District addressed the political and social interconnectedness of the early families to establish the first estates and summer houses in Flat Rock, who were among the wealthy rice planter elite of South Carolina that sought to escape the heat and disease of Low Country summers. The history of the community as a health resort and recreation destination, however, was undocumented in the original nomination. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 3 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The original boundary of the Flat Rock Historic District was drawn to encircle the twenty-eight documented resources with little or no consideration given for their relationship to other properties, geographic boundaries, or the community as a whole. Moreover, the verbal boundary description and the USGS map submitted with the nomination presented uncertainties and discrepancies in the location of the boundary for the original district in several places. The Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation brings the district up to date with the current standards of documentation. Beginning in the late 1990s, a comprehensive survey of all properties within the district boundary was begun, along with extensive additional research and interviews. The present nomination synthesizes the information compiled in the intervening years into a full inventory of resources located within the original district boundary, an evaluation of their contributing or non-contributing status, and a close examination of the boundaries. The full inventory records 1,575 resources located within the boundary of the district. Of this number, there are 610 contributing resources, including 537 buildings, forty-five structures, twenty-two objects, and six sites. The 963 non-contributing resources consist of 903 buildings, fifty-nine structures, and three objects. The Boundary Increase adds twenty-two historic resources that contribute to the significance of the district, as well as additional acreage and undeveloped land associated with tax parcels that are partially located within the existing boundary and have contributing primary resources. The Boundary Decrease removes a number of areas at the edge of the district due to the construction of new residential subdivisions and modern development that have significantly altered the rural character of Flat Rock and its historic estates. The Boundary Decrease is comprised of 430 non-contributing resources and one contributing resource. The Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation extends the period of significance for the existing district to include not only nineteenth century resources but also twentieth century resources through 1964. The period of significance begins with the construction, in 1827, of Charles Baring’s Mountain Lodge [Photo 2], the first summer place established by Charleston family in Flat Rock for seasonal use. Baring was soon followed by other wealthy Low Country families— King, Lowndes, Pinckney, Memminger, and others—seeking a retreat from the unhealthy conditions of their rice plantations along the coast of South Carolina. Through the nineteenth century, Flat Rock grew as a popular summer resort for a close-knit group of families from the Charleston area, but the Civil War brought about the end of their hegemony with the end of slave labor and the decline of rice production. Later generations of the early families and new owners established new patterns of settlement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as they began to subdivide the large estates among family members or for sale. As Flat Rock lost some of its exclusivity in the early twentieth century, visitors slowly began to make Flat Rock a new kind of summer destination with modern inns, clubs, camps, and retreat grounds intermingled with large, surviving estates. The period of significance ends in 1964, with the continued growth and development of Flat Rock as a popular summer destination and residential community. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 4 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The boundaries of the original nomination were unclear, in part, due to discrepancies in their documention. The verbal boundary description in the nomination differed from the boundary shown on the historic district map in five principal locations. The most significant areas of discrepancy were as follows. The Church of St. John in the Wilderness, 1851 Greenville Highway, was omitted from the verbal boundary description, although it was shown within the mapped boundary. The intention to include the church within the district boundary is evidenced by its entry and discussion in the text of the nomination. The exact locations of the east-west line through the Kenmure property in the vicinity of McCabe’s Lake [Photo 22] and the northwesterly line continuing to the peak of Glassy Mountain are unclear from their written description. These straight lines create an arbitrary boundary through the Kenmure estate that excludes the twentieth-century lake and dam and partially divides the adjacent Rutledge Cottage property. A straight line boundary extending from the peak of Glassy Mountain to the point where Little River Road crosses Mud Creek arbitrarily divides properties on the north and south sides of Little River Road. The beginning and end points of a straight line boundary extending from Mud Creek to Kanuga Road through Beaumont Estates subdivision are unclear based on their written description. The beginning and end points of a straight line boundary between Erkwood Drive and Mud Creek to the north of Chanteloup and Dunroy is similarly unclear based on their written description. This nomination resolves the discrepancies in the boundaries of the existing district. The inventory list for the Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease, and Additional Documentation serves several purposes. The first section of the inventory list provides updated information about the twenty-seven surviving resources from the original nomination as well as a comprehensive inventory of properties located within the original district boundary. The previously recorded properties are more fully described and presented with additional background information. The vast majority of properties, however, are documented for the first time with physical descriptions, background information where appropriate, and an indication of contributing or non-contributing status. Modern subdivision development located within the boundaries and can not be removed from the district are identified in a subsection of the inventory list and recorded basic entries and descriptions. The second section of the inventory includes the properties and parcels located within the Boundary Increase areas, which are recorded with detailed entries. The third and final section of the inventory contains basic entries and descriptions of the properties within the Boundary Decrease areas that will be removed from the district. A contributing building, site, structure, or object adds to the historic associations, historic architectural qualities, or archaeological values for which the district is significant. Contributing resources add to the district’s significance because they were present during the period of significance, relate to its documented historical significance, and possess historic integrity. A non-contributing building, site, structure, or object does not add to the historic associations, historic architectural qualities, or archaeological values for which the district is significant. Non-contributing resources do not add to the district’s significance because they were not present during the period of significance, do not relate to the documented historical significance, or NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 5 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC no longer possess historic integrity due to alterations, disturbances, or other changes. Alterations to a building’s overall form, massing, and scale; changing or obscuring the majority of exterior materials, or the removal of character-defining stylistic elements negatively affect the historic integrity of the district’s resources. The inventory list, in each of its three sections, is organized with individual property entries followed by a subsection for subdivisions. The inventory entries for individual properties provide the name, address, date(s) of construction, contributing or non-contributing status, and a brief summary of each resource within the existing district, Boundary Increase, and Boundary Decrease. Properties are named after its first, longest, or best known occupant or function during the period of significance. Construction dates have been determined as accurately as possible by correlating information from tax records, deed research, historic maps and plats, prior survey documentation, and published sources. The individual entries are arranged alphabetically by road or street name and sequentially by street address. All road or street names appear alphabetically in main inventory list and are cross-referenced with any entries in the subsections for subdivisions. The inventory sections for the Boundary Increase and Boundary Decrease areas contain only the road or street names for properties in those sections. The subdivisions are determined to be cohesive developments that occurred after the period of significance. The subdivision entries record the addresses and number of buildings occurring by street, the range of construction dates, and a summary of the collective character of the resources. Classification key: C-B C-S C-O C-Site NC-B NC-S NC-O Contributing building Contributing structure Contributing object Contributing site Non-contributing building Non-contributing structure Non-contributing object INVENTORY LIST – UPDATES TO EXISTING HISTORIC DISTRICT ALSTON DRIVE Alston Drive is a short, dead-end street accessed from Assembly Drive within the Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds. Only two houses are located on Alston Drive. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 6 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1960 C-B 196 Alston Drive The one-story brick-veneer Ranch house was built for the Sandy Plains Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Tryon. The structure has a gable-on-hip roof, interior brick chimney, single-leaf entry, and replacement one-over-one windows. House, 1964 C-B 201 Alston Drive Built on a concrete block foundation, the one-story frame Ranch house is covered with vertical wood siding and is capped by an asphalt-shingle side-gable roof. It has an exterior brick end chimney, German siding in the gable ends, façade picture windows, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. A single-leaf entry door is accessed by an uncovered stoop with metal railings. The door is composed of three lights over three panels. A gable-roof screened porch is attached to the west elevation of the house. ANDREW JOHNSTONE DRIVE See Beaumont Estates subdivision ASSEMBLY DRIVE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds House, 1980 NC-B 20 Assembly Drive One-story modern frame Ranch house with a side-gable roof rests on a stone foundation and is covered with vertical wood sheathing. An engaged porch is supported on bracketed wood posts and shelters a stoneveneer façade. A Carport, 1980 One-bay open frame carport has a shed roof. NC-S NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 7 House, 1984 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 40 Assembly Drive One-story modern frame Ranch house with a side-gable roof is covered with weatherboards and sits on a concrete block foundation. The house displays a brick façade chimney, one-over-one windows, and an attached front-gable porch on square posts. House, 1979 NC-B 41 Assembly Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has an uncovered front stoop, replacement entry door, replacement one-over-one windows, an enclosed porch wing, and an attached one-bay carport. House, 1991 NC-B 60 Assembly Drive One-story side-gable frame house exhibits a stuccoed foundation, set back side wing, vinyl siding, inset porch on turned wood posts, and one-over-one windows. House, 1981 NC-B 75 Assembly Drive One-story side-gable frame house presents a front-gable end bay and is covered with vinyl siding. Set on a wooded lot, the house has an engaged shed-roof porch on turned wood posts, vinyl siding, and replacement one-over-one windows. House, 2006 NC-B 78 Assembly Drive Two-story modern frame house with strong geometric forms presents an open carport to the street and an angled main block overlooks Bonclarken Lake to the east. The house is clad with modern board-and-batten siding and features a gabled skylight along the roof ridgeline. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 8 House, 1975 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 100 Assembly Drive One-story side-gable frame Ranch house has vertical wood sheathing, an inset porch and engaged carport supported on turned wood posts, and replacement single-pane casement windows. House, 1973 NC-B 120 Assembly Drive Two-story side-gable frame house features brick veneer on the first story and weatherboards on the second, a one-story side-gable garage wing, replacement one-over-one double-hung sash windows, and replacement porch posts with decorative sawn brackets. House, 1993 NC-B 200 Assembly Drive One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional frame house features front-gable end bays, weatherboard siding, an engaged porch on square wood posts, and one-over-one windows. House, 1987 NC-B 201 Assembly Drive One-story modern log house rests on a full stuccoed basement and has a side-gable roof, and an attached, elevated porch that wraps around the façade and north elevations. House, 2000 NC-B 210 Assembly Drive Two-story side-gable Neo-traditional frame house features a decorative front gable, central Palladian window, weatherboards, a double-leaf entry with transom, and an attached one-story hip-roof wraparound porch. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 9 House, 1975 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 220 Assembly Drive One-story front-gable split-level frame house is covered with vertical wood sheathing and has a brick foundation and basement, interior brick chimney, single-leaf entry door with sidelights, one-over-one windows, and a side-gable garage wing. House, ca. 1954, ca. 1970 C-B 221 Assembly Drive One-story side-gable frame Ranch house has a prominent asymmetrical front-gable wing that is partially covered with stone veneer and contains the angled entrance bay. The house features an exterior stone chimney, vertical wood sheathing, and single-pane windows. A one-story addition at the rear has a clerestory roof rising above the main roofline and an attached deck on the south elevation. House, 1978 NC-B 230 Assembly Drive One-story side-gable frame Ranch house sits on a full basement that is exposed at the rear and is covered with vertical wood sheathing. The house displays an interior stone chimney, single-pane windows, and stoneveneer pilasters at the corners and framing the single-leaf entry. A shed-roof extension has been added at the rear. House, ca. 1940, ca. 1970 NC-B 235 Assembly Drive The one-story front-gable Craftsman-influenced house with an attached front-gable porch has been substantially altered with an enclosed front porch and a large shed-roof side addition. The house rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with asbestos shingle siding; the side addition is clad with plywood sheathing. The porch is enclosed with six one-over-one windows, and a picture window is located in the exposed basement foundation beneath the porch. A single plate-glass window is located on the front elevation of the side addition. A Garage, ca. 2000 NC-B One-story front-gable frame garage is covered with vinyl siding and entered through a metal NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 10 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC overhead door. House, 1966 NC-B 240 Assembly Drive One-story side-gable frame house with an exposed basement at the rear has board-and-batten siding, an exterior brick end chimney, one-over-one double-hung sash windows, and an attached front-gable entry porch on thin metal posts. A low, stone retaining wall runs along the front edge of the property at the street. Susan Allston House, ca. 1885 [Photo 7] C-B 245 Assembly Drive The two-story front-gable frame house was likely built in the mid-1880s, and later purchased by the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds. It features weatherboard siding, exposed rafter tails, two-over-two doublehung wood sash windows, and a wraparound hip-roof porch. The porch is carried on turned wood posts and rests on a stone pier foundation with concrete block infill. A one-story gable-roof wing projects to the side. Susan Lowndes Allston (1879-1970), who opened her large home to tourists, was a “talkative lady who lived off her family’s wealth and authored two books.” 1 Bonclarken used the house as a dormitory for campers until camp buildings were constructed. A Carport, ca. 1960 C-S A modern one-bay, front-gable, wood-frame carport has been erected over a concrete pad. The carport is constructed with an asphalt-shingle roof, square wood posts, and plywood sheathing in the gable ends. House, 1961 C-B 300 Assembly Drive This one-story side-gable frame Ranch house was built for the Doraville Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Georgia. Resting on a concrete block foundation, the residence features a brick façade chimney, asbestos shingle siding, single-leaf three-light entry door, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. An attached shed-roof porch extends the full width of the rear elevation and has been enclosed with window bands. 1 Peggy B. Murdock, Bonclarken: A Story of Faith, Hope, and Tenacity (Greenville, SC: Woman’s Synodical Union, 1975), 93. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 11 Crowders Creek Cottage, ca. 1960 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 301 Assembly Drive One-story side-gable frame house is dominated by an attached front-gable, two-story screened porch on the façade. The residence, which has been owned by the Crowders Creek Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Gastonia, North Carolina, since 1967, sits on a full brick basement and exhibits an interior brick chimney, weatherboards, and replacement one-over-one windows. Two sets of French doors open onto the porch on both levels of the house. An attached handicap-accessible wooden ramp is located on the south side of the house and connects to the second-story of the porch at its south end. AVON STREET Ernest Lyda House, ca. 1925 C-B 8 Avon Street Relatively unaltered one-and-a-half-story, side-gable Craftsman bungalow displays a three-bay façade with a central entrance. The frame dwelling is covered with asbestos shingles and an asphalt-shingle roof. The house features a central gabled dormer, an exterior brick chimney, and exposed rafter tails. The engaged full-width porch is supported by replacement wood posts on a solid, poured concrete balustrade. Three- and four-over-one double-hung windows appear as singles or in pairs. According to current owners, house was built by the Ernest Lyda family, who owned Lyda Electric Company. 2 A Garage, ca. 1925 C-B A one-story, one-bay, front-gable frame garage stands at the end of a gravel driveway. The building is covered with plywood sheathing, wood battens, and a metal roof with exposed rafter tails. The garage bay is accessed through deteriorated double-leaf plywood doors. House, ca. 1954 C-B 11 Avon Street This one-story side-gable Ranch house is set back from the road and accessed from a paved, tree-lined driveway. The frame dwelling is clad with waney-edge wood siding, with board-and-batten covering the area sheltered by an attached partial-width shed-roof porch. The house features an interior brick chimney, façade 2 Interviews with Jane Burgin and Lewis King. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 12 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC picture window, turned porch posts, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. A broken-pitch roof tops the south end bay, which appears to have originally been an engaged one-bay garage but the entrance now contains sliding glass doors. David Ward House, ca. 1931, 1993-1995 NC-B 12 Avon Street Built by David Ward in the early 1930s, the one-story, side-gable frame house was substantially remodeled in the 1990s. The house features a front-gable end bay, weatherboards, engaged porch on paired wood posts, and replacement one-over-one windows. The porch roof extends beyond the side elevation of the house to cover a short walkway to the adjacent carport. A Garage, ca. 1935 C-B A one-story, one-bay, front-gable frame garage is located at the rear of the property. The building has a metal roof, exposed rafter tails, weatherboard siding, two fixed-pane windows on the side elevations, and double-leaf plywood garage doors. B Tractor Shed, ca. 1935 C-B The partially-enclosed tractor shed is supported on square wood posts and is topped by a metal roof on exposed rafters. A rear wall of plywood sheathing extends across the full width of the shed, but the northwest end bay is clad with vertical wood siding. C Carport/Storage Room, ca. 1995 NC-B One-story, two-car frame carport with a concrete slab foundation, front-gable roof, square wood posts, and an enclosed storage room at the rear is accessed from the gravel driveway. The storage room and gable ends are covered with weatherboards. Ward-Thomas House, ca. 1925 C-B 15 Avon Street This one-story, front-gable frame bungalow rests on a brick foundation and is covered with German siding. The house features exposed rafter tails, a side gable-roof wing to the north, rear ell, and four-over-one double-hung windows. An attached front-gable porch is supported by replacement square wood posts and has a replacement “picket fence” balustrade. The house was built by David Ward, who later sold to Crate Thomas and built the house across the street at 12 Avon Street. Thomas worked as caretaker at Kenmure (100 Clubhouse Drive), first for Dr. Mitchell NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 13 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC King’s daughter Henrietta Bryan and later for Gordon McCabe Sr. After Thomas’s death, his widow married “Doc” Pace and remained in the house. The house was known to many Flat Rock residents, both year-round and summer, when Thomas’s daughter-in-law Veneena Jones Thomas, wife of John B. Thomas, ran a beauty parlor there. House today remains in family ownership and is rented. Lewis King House, ca. 1948 C-B 21 Avon Street The one-story side-gable Minimal Traditional frame house faces east into undeveloped woods from its lot at the east end of Avon Street. The house features front-gable end bays flanking a recessed porch. The end bays are covered with board-and-batten siding and the entrance bay displays brick veneer. Windows throughout are replacement one-over-one sash. A wood deck extends from the north side of the house. 3 A Shed, ca. 1948 C-B Tall one-story, shed-roof frame building is located to the east of the house. The building is covered with weatherboards and capped by a metal roof. Two single-leaf entry doors are located at the ends of the façade. AVONLEA LANE See Highland Lake Village subdivision BAYBELL DRIVE Lowndes-Andrews Cottage (Emmy’s Cottage), 1924, 1970s, ca. 1990 C-B 29 Baybell Drive The small, one-and-a-half-story side-gabled house with lower gable wings has a wraparound porch with a rounded corner. The main section is three bays wide with a central half-glazed entry door. The house rests on a brick foundation and is covered with asbestos siding. The porch roof curves as it wraps and its ceiling is open with exposed rafters. The porch is supported by replacement wood posts and a concrete slab floor. The roof forms a large shed dormer at the rear. Windows are nine-over-one double-hung sash with operable louvered shutters. At the rear (east) is one-story shed-roof screened porch with solid balustrade sheathed with German siding and an open shed vehicle bay supported on square wooden posts. Richard I’On Lowndes built 3 Interviews with Jane Burgin and Lewis King. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 14 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC the interior staircase and woodwork in 1924. Two rooms were added on the north elevation by Lawrence Baynard in the 1970s; Emmy McIntire added the rear porch. In about 1990, a year before her death, Emmy McIntire sold the cottage to David and Barbara Hubbell, who hired Andrew Pace to renovate it and add skylights to the front roof slope. This house was built in 1924 by Richard I’On Lowndes, son of the Richard I’On Lowndes Sr., who purchased the property in 1902. The younger Lowndes built the house in preparation for his hoped-for marriage to Elizabeth Plumb after an eleven-year engagement. His weddings plans were successful although the couple never lived in the house. The house instead became the home of Lowndes’ sister, Alice Lowndes Andrews, and her husband, William P. “Wick” Andrews. They lived here with their two children until 1939 when they built Looking South on Lowndes Lane (see 2550 Greenville Highway). Emmy McIntire lived just across Greenville Highway from this cottage. When the trustees of the Church of St. John in the Wilderness approached her in the late 1960s about wanting to buy her land to build a parish house, Mrs. McIntire agreed on the condition that she could buy the cottage from Lawrence Baynard, who owned the Lowndes property and built the houses at 49 and 59 Baybell Drive. She lived here until her death in 1991. House, ca. 1960 C-B 49 Baybell Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house with an inset front porch has wood sheathing on the porch façade and paired two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal-muntins. Baynard-Hubbell House, 1955, ca. 1980 NC-B 59 Baybell Drive This one-story, cross-gable-roof frame house features parallel gables on the main elevation, board-andbatten siding, an interior brick chimney, and an attached shed-roof porch on the north elevation. It has been altered with a stucco foundation, replacement doors, elevated wood deck on the east elevation, and replacement vinyl windows. The house occupies the house site of the old Lowndes estate known as Dolce Far Niente. While the house has no longer stands, the property retains landscape features dating from the early twentieth century associated with the Lowndes estate. The horseshoe-shaped avenue (present-day Baybell Drive) is lined with pine trees and hydrangeas. The property had been part of the large tract that Gideon Stevens sold to Henry McAlpin in 1833, then transferred to Charles Baring in 1836, and to Thomas Lowndes that same year. The 1836 deed suggests that NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 15 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC there was a house on the land at that time, but Lowndes built a large summer house with wide porches on part of his 125-acre tract. The land encompassed several parcels located between Greenville Highway and Highland Lake, many of which were later built upon by Charlestonians for their summer houses. The property was then sold to the Elliott family. In 1902, twenty acres, including the summer house, were purchased by Richard I’On Lowndes to return it to family ownership. 4 In 1924, Lowndes’ son built a small frame house at the northwest corner of the property (see 29 Baybell Drive). In 1942, a few years after the death of Lowndes’ wife, Inez, in an automobile accident, Lowndes and his five adult children sold the northern half of the property to O. G. Lindsey. They divided the southern portion into five family lots facing the south side of today’s Lowndes Lane. By 1960 the early house had deteriorated, and was demolished. Lawrence W. Baynard (1896-1984) bought the property from Lindsey. Born in Mill Springs, near Tryon, Mr. Baynard later lived in South Carolina and Florida and was professor of American Literature concentrating on southern literature at Clemson University. For many years his family and cousins spent summers in Hendersonville and Tryon. Baynard built two houses. He initially planned to subdivide the area closer to the lake but instead used the property as a summer place for his extended family. Shortly before his death in the mid-1980s he passed the land to his daughter Barbara Baynard Hubbell and her husband David Hubbell. 5 A Gateposts, ca. 1902 C-O (2) Two sets of square stone gateposts are located at the north and south ends of the unpaved loop driveway (present-day Baybell Drive) that originally served Thomas Lowndes’ mid-nineteenth-century summer estate, Dolce Far Niente. The gateposts are constructed of cut granite blocks with solid granite caps. B Fence posts, ca. 1902 C-O Sixteen square stone fence posts border the property along Greenville Highway. Each post is constructed of cut granite blocks with a solid granite cap. BEAUMONT DRIVE See Beaumont Estates subdivision Beaumont, 1839, 1910, 1987 4 Interviews with Wick Andrews, Mary Elizabeth Baynard Christian, Barbara Hubbell, and Betty Andrews Lee. 5 Interviews with Wick Andrews, Barbara Hubbell, and Betty Andrews Lee. C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 16 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 72 Beaumont Drive Situated on a hilltop site, Beaumont began in 1839 as a two-story Gothic Revival-style house constructed of mica-flecked cut granite that was quarried on nearby Glassy Mountain. 6 Its present appearance is the result of a substantial remodeling and enlargement of the house executed in 1910 during the ownership of Frank B. Hayne. Asheville architect Richard Sharp Smith prepared designs for the current two-and-a-halfstory, L-plan house with a cross-gable roof, multiple hip-roof dormers, and wraparound porch. The first floor of the 1839 house remained intact, but the second floor was modified and the third floor was added. The house incorporates elements of the Tudor Revival and Neoclassical Revival styles, and features front and rear decorative half-timbered gables, decorative purlin brackets, exposed rafter tails, granite window and door lintels, and a two-story hip-roof rear wing. It has four interior stone chimneys with corbelling and arched metal caps. Original first-story windows are nine-over-nine double-hung sash, while the 1910 sections contain four-over-four, six-over-six, eight-over-eight, and diamond-pane sash windows. The flatroof Neoclassical Revival-style porch extends across the full width of the four-bay façade, projects one bay beyond the northeast end, and wraps around the southwest end of the house where it projects to form a porte cochere. The porch is carried on wooden Tuscan columns with a turned baluster railing. A replacement balustrade is located above the porch. Three entrance bays on the façade are composed of French doors surrounded by multi-light sidelights and tall transoms. A one-story semi-circular bay projects from the northeast side elevation. A one-story, two-bay garage addition was built at the rear of the house in 1987, which has a deck on its flat roof. Andrew Johnstone (1805-1864) of Georgetown, South Carolina, erected Beaumont in 1839 as a summer home on 800 acres of land he acquired in Flat Rock. Johnstone, a wealthy rice planter and slave owner, married Sophia “Lilly” Beaumont Clarkson (1808-1845) in 1826, and together they had one son, William Clarkson Johnstone. Three years after the death of his first wife, Andrew Johnstone married Mary Barnwell Elliott (1824-1909), who bore one son and four daughters. On June 10, 1864, bushwhackers shot and killed Johnstone at Beaumont. His widow sold the estate to Dorothy Morris of Ohio in 1870, and she held the property until 1902. Following several subsequent owners, Franklin B. Hayne (1858-1918), a Charleston native and successful cotton broker from New Orleans, purchased the property on August 23, 1909. Hayne hired prominent Asheville architect Richard Sharp Smith to redesign and significantly enlarge the house. After his death, Hayne’s wife, Emily Poitevent Hayne, sold the house in 1920 to J. I. and Melville Westervelt of Greenville, South Carolina, who sold it again ten years later to John and Carolyn Brown of Knoxville, Tennessee. Carolyn P. Brown was the nationally known founder of the American Garden Society, and the 6 The description and background information contained in this entry were adapted from Sybil H. Argintar’s “Beaumont Local Landmark Designation Report” (November 5, 2013) prepared for the Flat Rock Historic Landmarks Commission and available on their website (http://flatrocknc.govoffice3.com/vertical/sites/%7B9D37D958-4706-4059-B825E099E8D3624C%7D/uploads/Local_Designation_Report-Beaumont-Submitted-Rev.pdf; retrieved January 11, 2014). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 17 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Browns oversaw the restoration and expansion of the formal gardens and added many fountains, pools, and statuary to the grounds. Trustees of Carolyn Murphy sold the property in 1947 to the Newtons of Key West, Florida. Florida investor Oakley G. Murphy acquired the estate in 1957, which still contained 204 acres and included the house, a dairy, three guest houses, caretaker cottages, and a five-acre lake. J. B. and Dorothy Lovingood purchased the estate from Murphy in 1962. The Lovingoods sold much of the land associated with the house for the Beaumont Estates subdivision. The house and its residual five acres were sold to Russell Martin in 1983. Martin began restoring some of Beaumont’s detailing, which had fallen into disrepair over the years, before selling the house to John D. and Elizabeth McCoy in 1985. A Ice and Dairy House, 1910 C-B Richard Sharp Smith designed this one-story octagonal building with a foundation that extends twenty feet into the ground. The one-story frame building is covered with wood shingles and capped by a tin-shingle roof. A vented octagonal cupola rises from the roof peak. Original diamond-pane windows remain, but modern French doors have been added on the west elevation. The building was used for many years as a cold storage for ice and dairy products, but the current owners added a floor inside to convert the building to a garden shed. B Fountain pool, ca. 1930 C-S A circular concrete fountain pool with a center statue is located on the lawn to the southeast of the main house. The fountain was among the numerous fountains and statuary added to the property by Mrs. Carolyn Brown, a later owner. It was placed at its present location by the current owners. C Swimming pool, ca. 1990 NC-S An in-ground swimming pool, approximately thirty-eight feet by twenty-two feet in size, is located at the southeast end of the property. It is surrounded by a concrete deck. D Pool pavilion, ca. 1990 NC-B Approximately seventeen feet by eleven feet in size, the lozenge-shaped pavilion stands at the southwest end of the swimming pool. The screened-in building has a wood-shake roof, vented octagonal cupola, square wood posts with decorative brackets, and a wood balustrade. E Tennis court, ca. 1990 NC-S An asphalt tennis court is located to the southeast of the swimming pool and surrounded by a wire fence. F Stable, ca. 1930 C-B A frame stable stands in a grassy meadow to the northwest of the house. The structure is located on a separate parcel across Andrew Johnstone Drive from main house. The four-bay stable is constructed with NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 18 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC a reinforced concrete frame, concrete block knee walls, and weatherboard siding. The building features an octagonal bay at its north end with a large, open entrance bay marked by a poured concrete knee wall projecting from the north side of the entrance. The remaining three bays have single-leaf braced wood doors. Window openings throughout have wood-shuttered casements. A long, concrete arbor, which extended to the south from the end of the stable, was demolished in 2014. EAST BLACK BEAR COURT See Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision (Boundary Decrease) BLOSSOM LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) WEST BLUE RIDGE ROAD In the early nineteenth century a road intersected a few yards north of the present Greenville Highway and Little River Road. The road extended eastward through present-day Bonclarken to a point near Peter Summey’s mill (see Mill House Lodge, 1150 W. Blue Ridge Road). Since East Flat Rock did not exist, it was not a through road. Before 1850, when James Pringle constructed his Many Pines estate, the road was continued to his property and became known as the Flat Rock Road. It was not until the railroad was constructed in 1876 that the roadway was extended further east into what is now East Flat Rock, through part of Judge King’s lands known as the “Barrens.” Around the same time its intersection with Greenville Highway was moved to the south. Renamed Depot Road, it served as a major roadway connecting Greenville Highway to the new Flat Rock depot. Sam P. Hill Café and Realty Building, ca. 1922 C-B 303 W. Blue Ridge Road The one-story brick commercial building was built around 1922 and shown on 1926 Sanborn map. The building features a flat front parapet, stepped side parapets, and a recessed brick panel above the storefront. The single-leaf storefront entry is framed by German-sided vertical panels and a transom. Flanking display windows rest on brick bulkheads with recessed panels and are topped by transoms. A shed-roof frame addition extends from the rear of the building. Built by Sam P. Hill, the building was used as a cafe and real estate office. Hill also worked as caretaker NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 19 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC at the Edmund Rhett House (no longer standing). By the 1950s a grist mill (no longer standing) had been added on the northwest side. The Flat Rock depot was located across the road from the building. (former) East Flat Rock Post Office, 1923 C-B 371 W. Blue Ridge Road The former East Flat Rock Post Office is a neatly detailed one-story brick commercial building with a flat front parapet and stepped side parapets. The common-bond brick is laid with light-colored header courses on the side elevations. The façade is composed of a single storefront with a recessed central entrance and tall transom, paneled bulkheads, recessed brick panel above the storefront, and brick accents. The recessed double-leaf entry doors are topped by a narrow three-light transom and flanked by display windows. A soldier course lintel frames the storefront opening, and a decorative header-course band separates the storefront from the upper façade panel, which is framed by header and rowlock bricks. A second headercourse band is located above the panel and below the soldier-course cornice. A one-story shed-roof frame addition projects at the rear of the building. The building, which was built as a grocery store by Otis McCall and run by his wife, is shown on the 1926 Sanborn map with a rear porch and auto garage in back. McCall also built Hill’s General Store at 403 West Blue Ridge Road. Richard Pace, who was appointed the first postmaster of East Flat Rock in 1908, moved the post office into the building in 1924. Pace had built a small store in 1906, and it served as the post office when he was appointed to the position. The post office remained at this location from 1924 until Pace retired in 1935. James W. Edney then served as acting postmaster until 1936, when John E. Creech was appointed. Creech, a teacher who had bought a home in East Flat Rock, was elected Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1922. His wife taught at the East Flat Rock School, but retired in 1936 to become the assistant at the post office. In 1958 the present East Flat Rock Post Office, 125 W. Blue Ridge Road (outside the historic district), was built on the site of the original 1908 building. 7 A Garage, 2008 NC-B Tall one-story front-gable metal auto repair shop is located at the rear of the property. The building is clad with corrugated metal siding and a metal roof. Two garage bays are located on the southwest elevation. Hill’s General Store, ca. 1925, 1965 7 Interviews with Charles Hill, Linda Pace Hunter, and Loti Kennedy Dunn. Lenoir Ray, Postmarks: A History of Henderson County, 1787-1968 (Chicago: Adams Press, 1970), 359. C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 20 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 403 W. Blue Ridge Road The one-story brick commercial building consists of two sections and features a flat front parapet and stepped side parapet. The original building contains a single storefront with a recessed central entrance, decorative header brick bands and a brick panel in the upper façade, and a soldier course cornice. The addition, built to the southwest, is larger and more plainly finished than the original building. The wide storefront features a double-leaf metal-frame glazed entry door and metal-frame display windows that rest on rowlock-course sills and brick bulkheads. Both storefronts are sheltered by cloth awnings. The original section of Hill’s General Store was built by Otis McCall around 1925 as a bakery. McCall also built the building at 371 W. Blue Ridge Road. For many decades McCall’s nephew, Charles Hill, ran Hill’s General Store here, serving both year-round and summer customers beginning in the mid-1930s. 8 In 1965 a large addition was constructed to the southwest and the store expanded into the new section. The older building remained unchanged and served as a hardware store until a fire in 1994 damaged portions of the early building. In 1924 this lot was owned by J. K. Glover and was the northeast corner of the subdivision of the J. S. Patterson land (see Fenway Circle). 9 House, ca. 1980 NC-B 509 W. Blue Ridge Road This one-story side-gable frame house is covered with vinyl siding and rests on a stuccoed foundation. The house features an uncovered concrete slab entry stoop, single-leaf entry door, façade picture window, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. This land was part of the 1924 Patterson subdivision. A Shed, ca. 1980 NC-B A one-story prefabricated frame storage shed is located to the side of the house. It rests on a concrete block pier foundation and is clad with wood sheathing. The shed has a front-gable roof, single-leaf wood door, and one-over-one windows on the side elevations. House, 2005 8 9 NC-B Nancy Hill Westall, personal communication, February 27, 2014. Ms. Westall is the daughter of Charles Hill. Sanborn map 1926. Hendersonville Times-News (October 18, 1994). Interviews with William A. Darity, Charles Hill, and Fred Justice. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 21 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 523 W. Blue Ridge Road Set well back from the road, this one-story side-gable frame house is covered with synthetic siding and rests on a stuccoed foundation. An elevated wood deck on the front of the house is sheltered by a front-gable roof supported by wood posts with a wood balustrade. Windows are one-over-one double-hung sash. Talley House, ca. 1940 C-B 603 W. Blue Ridge Road Small one-story, gable-front, frame house dwelling is covered with board-and-batten siding. A full-width pent-roof screened porch is located beneath the front gable. An exterior concrete block chimney flue rises against the side of the house. Windows are two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. Joe Talley and his wife owned the land and lived here. The land was part of the Bomer subdivision. Talley, a mechanic, worked at Doc Case’s Filling Station located on the corner of Allen Road and Spartanburg Highway. The Talleys were part of Flat Rock’s small, close-knit black community, many of whom lived on this part of Blue Ridge Road and nearby Mine Gap Road. The house sat vacant after Joe Talley’s death around 2000, but was later purchased by the Maybin family. A Garage, ca. 1940 C-B The one-story one-bay frame garage is deteriorating. The building is covered with board-and-batten siding and a metal front-gable roof. The garage displays exposed rafter tails and is entered through a paneled wood overhead door. House, ca. 1965 NC-B 605 W. Blue Ridge Road Mobile home trailer with a front addition creates a small one-story house with metal siding. An asphaltshingle side-gable roof covers both the trailer and the addition with open corner bays. The enclosed center bay features a center single-leaf entry flanked by fixed-pane windows. The land was part of the Bomer subdivision and later owned by Nicholson family, who placed the trailer and lived here. Darity House, 1973 NC-B 607 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick Ranch house was built by the Darity family, who were part of Flat Rock’s black NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 22 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC community. The house features an interior brick chimney, single-leaf entry, six-over-six windows, and a set back side wing. The first Darity house may have been built as early as the 1860s, and the ruinous chimney stack and other remains are visible in woods behind the present house. The 1926 Sanborn map shows a one-and-a-halfstory frame dwelling with a full-width porch, rear ell, and detached garage. In the early 1970s the Darity children built a new brick house for their parents, A. Randall and Elizabeth Smith Darity. Mrs. Darity insisted the old house be kept, but after a year or two of deterioration and insurance concerns, the family demolished the old house. Randall Darity (died 1979) was a laborer; Elizabeth Darity (died 1981) was a teacher’s aide at Hillandale School. Their son William A. Darity became dean of the School of Public Health at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. The brick house was later owned by Darity grandchild Henry S. Simmons, a banker, whose father was from another established East Flat Rock family. 10 Justice House, 1962 C-B 709 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story, side-gable concrete-block house built for the Rev. Charles Justice and his wife Jenny. The house features a front-gable porch supported on thin metal posts, set back side wing, single-leaf entry, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. An open shed is attached to the side wing. The land was part of the Bomer subdivision (see 711 W. Blue Ridge Road). East Flat Rock Free Will Baptist Church, ca. 1910, 1952, 1962, 1990s NC-B 711 W. Blue Ridge Road The East Flat Rock Free Will Baptist Church is a one-story, front-gable frame building that rests on a stuccoed foundation and is clad with vinyl siding. A metal roof caps the structure. A front-gable entry porch is supported on thin metal posts and is accessed on either side by concrete steps. The building is entered through double-leaf metal-frame glazed doors. Windows are replacement one-over-one double-hung sash. William McIver received this land from his mother, Venus McIver, who owned the land just south of the Darity House (see 607 W. Blue Ridge Road). McIver lost his left arm in a hunting accident and could not make a living in any of the jobs then available to blacks. His mother sent him to Lincoln Academy in Kings Mountain, the closest high school for blacks, and from there to Johnson C. Smith College (now University). 10 Interviews with William A. Darity and Fred Justice. Gary Franklin Greene and the Black History Research Committee of Henderson County, A Brief History of the Black Presence in Henderson County (Asheville, NC: Biltmore Press, 1996), 78. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 23 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC He is believed to have been the first black man from Flat Rock and East Flat Rock to go to college. On his new land he began a one-story front-gable frame house, but later sold the uncompleted house to Jackson Hallback, also African American. Hallback, however, neither finished nor lived in the house, and in the 1920s and 1930s, children used the house for recreational activities: playing football in the yard and rainyday games inside. In 1952, many years after Jackson Hallback’s death, the unused property was sold at public auction. The buyers were a white family, Charles F. T. Justice and his wife, Jenny L. Johnson Justice, who immediately put the house to use. They divided the structure into two halves, put two doors at the front, and moved their family of nine children into the right side, enclosing the rear porch for use as the kitchen, eating area, and washroom with sink. In the left side Charles Justice started the Flat Rock Holiness Baptist Church. Charlie Justice worked at Kalin’s Furniture Store in Hendersonville and was a minister in the Holiness Baptist denomination. He ran his new church successfully for several years before poor health weakened him and he began to search for a successor. In 1962, Lonnie Henderson took over the church. Although Henderson was from a different denomination, the Free Will Baptists, he and Justice had grown up together near Dana, a rural community in eastern Henderson County, and Justice appreciated his inspired preaching held in an old garage off Church Street in Hendersonville. A carpenter by trade, Henderson removed the interior partition to create a larger sanctuary, and the church built a house for Justice’s family on Justice’s adjacent property. In exchange, the land was to be transferred to the church at Jenny Justice’s death. The family moved into the house in 1962. With Justice’s blessing, Lonnie Henderson changed both the denomination and the name to the East Flat Rock Free Will Baptist Church. Henderson later took a church in Jackson County; several pastors served the church until Henderson later returned. He built a fellowship building behind the church in the 1990s before he died. Meanwhile, Charlie Justice had died in 1964 and Jenny Justice raised her family in the 1962 house. She lived to be 96, so it was not until her death in 2002 that the land transferred to the church. A Justice grandson lies there now, and Charlie Justice’s son Fred Justice remains associated with the church. 11 The church has purchased adjacent parcels to the north along Blue Ridge Road; all were a part of the Bomer subdivision lands and include a platted road (across from Ferndale St.) shown as Bomer Avenue on some earlier maps. A Fellowship Hall, ca. 1995 NC-B Located directly behind (northwest) the sanctuary, the fellowship hall is a one-story front-gable frame structure built by Lonnie Henderson and clad with vinyl siding. The building has an attached front-gable porch supported on square wood posts. The double-leaf entry doors are accessed by porch steps at the front and a wood ramp approaching from the side. 11 Interviews with William A. Darity and Fred Justice. Fred Justice is the son of Charles F. T. and Jenny Johnson Justice. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 24 B Shed, ca. 1980 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-S A one-story front-gable frame storage shed is located at the rear of the property. The small structure has plywood sheathing, exposed rafter tails, open shed-roof extension at the rear, and a single-leaf wood entry door. House, 1967 NC-B 801 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story side-gable Ranch house with a brick foundation has wood siding, a brick chimney on the façade, and a one-bay carport. It has six-over-six windows and an inset entrance bay. Part of the Hillandale subdivision, which was platted on land belonging to Joseph Kolendo beginning in 1956. House, 1967 NC-B 803 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story Ranch house with brick veneer and wood siding has a front-gable roof, façade chimney, and a prominent, asymmetrical front-gable roof. Deep overhanging eaves shelter the façade, which consists of a bank of windows framing the single-leaf entrance and extending into the gable end. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1960 [Photo 17] C-B 805 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story hip-roof brick Ranch house has two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins, façade picture window, interior brick chimney, and an inset porch with decorative metal posts. The exterior wall of the carport displays textured patterned blocks that give texture to the elevation. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1954 C-B 907 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story split-level brick-veneer house has hip and side-gable roofs, two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins, and an attached single-car garage. An inset porch has been enclosed with a single-leaf entry door and jalousie windows. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 25 House, 1959 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 909 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick Ranch house has a front-gable roof, inset porch, and replacement one-over-one windows. An enclosed, vinyl-clad side bay may have originally been a carport. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1955 C-B 911 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick-veneer Ranch house has a hip roof, one-over-one double-hung windows, and an uncovered front stoop. The single-bay garage at the end of the façade is covered with wood sheathing. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1957 C-B 913 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a hip roof has a front-gable bay, façade picture window, twoover-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins, and an inset porch carried on brick posts. A single-bay carport with a steeply pitched shed roof is attached on the northeast side of the house. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1957 C-B 915 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a hip roof has a brick façade chimney, a single-bay carport on the southwest elevation, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. An engaged shed-roof porch is supported by metal posts on brick piers with a metal balustrade. The porch shelters a single-leaf multi-light door. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1956 C-B 917 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story hip-roof Ranch house with brick and wood siding has a brick façade chimney, façade picture NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 26 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC window, inset entry porch, and one-over-one windows. An uncovered wood deck is attached as a front porch. An engaged single-bay garage is entered through a metal overhead door. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1961 C-B 919 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a prominent front-gable end bay has a multi-light façade picture window, inset entry porch, interior brick chimney, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The single-leaf entry door is framed by diamond-paned sidelights over wood panels. A gable-roof wing at the rear contains a carport. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1958 C-B 921 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof exhibits a brick façade chimney, engaged partial-width porch carried on paired posts, and replacement one-over-one double-hung sash windows. A single-bay garage wing is covered with weatherboards and attached to the house by a covered breezeway. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1959 C-B 1023 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has a front-gable end bay, an interior brick chimney, and replacement one-over-one double-hung sash windows. An attached, uncovered wood deck serves as the front porch, and a sliding-glass door has been added to the facade. An engaged garage is entered from the east elevation. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1970 NC-B 1025 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has a prominent front-gable bay, inset entry porch, weatherboards in the gable end, and replacement one-over-one windows. A double carport is attached on the east side. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 27 House, 1966 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 1027 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story side-gable Ranch house with brick veneer and vinyl siding displays a front-gable end bay, brick façade chimney, inset entrance bay, and diamond-paned double-hung sash windows. A single-bay carport is attached on the east elevation. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. 1028, 1030 W. Blue Ridge Road See Pinecrest Estates subdivision House, 1993 NC-B 1029 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story side-gable frame house is clad with vinyl siding and has a partial-width porch supported by square wood posts, boxed interior chimney, and six-over-six windows. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1959 C-B 1031 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a hip-roof has an engaged single-bay carport, interior brick chimney, three-part façade picture window, and a concrete stoop with a low brick balustrade, sheltered by the overhanging roof eave. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1964 C-B 1033 W. Blue Ridge Road Brick-veneer split-level house with a two-story front-gable block adjoining a side-gable one-story wing. The front-gable section presents a full-height porch with square posts, weatherboards in the gable end, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. The one-story wing displays an interior brick chimney, multi-light curved bay window, and an engaged single-bay garage, which is covered with weatherboards and entered through a glazed-and-paneled overhead door. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 28 House, 1966 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 1035 W. Blue Ridge Road One-and-a-half-story split-level house presents a front-gable façade composed of two interlaced front gable sections, brick veneer and vinyl siding, façade brick chimney, and replacement windows. A single-leaf entrance is sheltered by the overhanging roof eave. A cantilevered balcony projects from the upper story of the façade, and an engaged carport is accessed on the southeast side elevation. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. House, 1968 NC-B 1041 W. Blue Ridge Road One-story cross-gable brick-veneer house with a two-story front-gable end bay displays traces of the Spanish Mission Revival style. It features an asymmetrical front-gable roof and entry canopy, a round-arch entry door, decorative purlin brackets and beam ends, and six-over-six windows. An engaged flat-roof carport has a round-arch entryway. Part of the Hillandale subdivision. Jim Markley House Site 1059 W. Blue Ridge Road This property was for many years the home of Jim Markley, but today only two outbuildings remain standing (see entries below). The corn crib and barn remain in family’s possession, owned by his granddaughter. As remnants of a larger complex, now demolished, the two outbuildings have lost their integrity of setting. Built in 1900 the Jim Markley House was a one-story triple-A frame dwelling with an attached hip-roof porch. Two other Markley-family houses and a blacksmith shop were located beside King Creek on the north side of Blue Ridge Road. The Markleys were best known for the blacksmith shop that served several generations of both year-round and summer residents. A visitor in 1937 commented, “close beside the road was an old-fashioned blacksmith’s shop...” 12 where Markley had an active trade due to equestrian activity in the surrounding estates. John Markley and his son Jim ran the shop, shoeing horses, shaping plows, and fixing wheels. Markley family members remember that Jim Markley and his father were especially knowledgeable about corrective shoeing for horses and how horses should stand. “They were authorities on 12 Edward T. H. Shaffer, Carolina Gardens: The History, Romance and Tradition of Many Gardens of Two States Through More Than Two Centuries (New York: Huntington Press, 1937), 277. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 29 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC shoeing horses for corrective purposes. During their time, race horses and high-stepping show horses were brought here for the Markleys to shoe.” In a 1941 interview, Jim Markley said the primary factor was “to please the horse or mule,” and for many years horses from around the region were brought here. They also shod oxen used for pulling, fitting iron on each half of the cloven hoof. 13 Of the three houses, Sally Darity Markley and her husband, John Calhoun Markley, lived in the westernmost. It was long known as “Aunt Sally’s House” because the well-known member of the Flat Rock and East Flat Rock communities lived there for over thirty years after her husband’s death. Sally Darity was born in Black Mountain; her father was Cherokee and her mother an African American slave. Sally’s mother later married a Darity (African American) and her children took his surname.” Sally married John Calhoun Markley when both were working on Mrs. Patton’s farm in Naples, North Carolina. The couple moved to Flat Rock in 1877 where their first child was born. John began blacksmithing as a child, because smithing was “...an occupation that was taught to all Markley men.” 14 John Markley worked as a blacksmith for Dr. Mitchell C. King at Glen Roy (100 Clubhouse Drive) and as a craftsman and blacksmith for Henry T. Farmer, owner of the Farmer Hotel (now Mansouri Mansion), before opening his own shop. Sally and John Markley eventually had eleven children who survived to adulthood. For many years Sally Markley served as a midwife, and assisted four successive doctors in Flat Rock. In 1953, Aunt Sally had a stroke that left her legs paralyzed; she then moved to Washington, D.C. to live with her daughter. Despite doctors’ expectations, she lived to be 104 years old, chewing tobacco and eating peppers and onions. She is buried in East Flat Rock. John Markley ran the blacksmith shop with help from two of his sons, Garfield and James R., known as Jim. Jim Markley had begun smithing with his father in 1887, while still a child. John Markley died in 1921 at the age of 73. Garfield, who also worked as a mail carrier, and Jim Markley continued the blacksmithing business and their mother Sally continued to live in their house next door. After his brother’s death, Jim Markley operated the blacksmith shop until the mid-1960s when, because of failing health, he also moved to Washington, D.C. and lived with his sister. He died July 5, 1965. The Markleys at one time owned much of this part of Blue Ridge Road. In 1969, the easternmost Markley house (Helen Markley’s, then vacant) burned in an arson fire. In 1973, Jim’s son, John G. Markley, agreed to sell the westernmost seven and one-half acres to Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds because they understood it was to remain undeveloped. Bonclarken’s minutes reported they had purchased 13 Sadie Smathers Patton, A Condensed History of Flat Rock (The Little Charleston of the Mountains), Third edition (Hickory, NC: Historic Flat Rock, Inc., and Hickory Printing Group, Inc., 1980), 57. 14 Frank L. Fitzsimons, From the Banks of the Oklawaha, Vol. 1 (Hendersonville, NC: Golden Glow Publishing Company, 1975), 320. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 30 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC the land from the Markley estate to protect the grounds from any detrimental development. 15 A Barn, ca. 1920 C-B The small, gambrel-roof, frame barn has a stone foundation and is covered with vertical wood planks. The barn displays a metal roof, flared eaves, and board-and-batten siding in the gable ends. B Corn crib, ca. 1920 NC-B The small, frame corn crib features slatted wood siding for ventilation and an attached shed on one side. It is severely deteriorated and overgrown with vegetation. Bonnie Brae, 1938-1939, ca. 1990 C-B 1090 W. Blue Ridge Road Built in 1938-1939, Bonnie Brae is a two-story tripartite Colonial Revival style residence that replaced an earlier house, which had burned. The present structure exhibits a three-bay, front-gable center block flanked by one-story, two-bay, side-gable wings. It has weatherboard siding, tall exterior brick end chimneys, and six-over-nine windows on the first story and six-over-six sash windows on the second. The off-center entrance is ornamented with pilasters and a broken swan’s neck pediment inspired by Westover, a 1730s Virginia house. A Chippendale-style screen door was added later. The pedimented front gable of the center block contains an oculus window and modillion blocks. Around 1990, a one-story three-bay garage was added to the east wing and connected by an arcaded hyphen. The open arcade extends for six bays to the northeast with the garage running perpendicular to the southeast. The cross-gable roof is represented on the front elevation by large gable end. The estate’s landscape elements include a dramatic curving driveway laid out in 1939, which follows the topography of the property through a tree-lined allee before emerging into a sunlit lawn. The owners had a detailed topographic survey platted to guide the road design. The precise location of the southern part of the entrance drive, however, was modified in 1990s. A formal, circular boxwood garden with granite curbs and lined pathways is located in front of the house. The overall system of roads and paths, large shaded lawns, wooded borders, garden, and groupings of shrubs and ornamental trees remains largely intact. Henrietta C. Bryan, Judge Mitchell King’s granddaughter owned the land before selling to Alan Wood III in 1919. Wood was head of his family’s Alan Wood Iron & Steel Company of Conchohocken, Pennsylvania. He married Elizabeth Fitzsimmons Read of Georgetown, South Carolina, where they lived after their marriage in 1910. Soon after their fourth child was born in January 1917, their daughter Elizabeth became 15 Murdock, 97. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 31 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC seriously ill, prompting the Woods to move to Flat Rock to live year-round in hopes of improving the child’s health. They bought Pinecrest (114 E. Pinecrest Drive), started a working dairy, and increased their acreage with the purchase of the adjacent Bonnie Brae. In 1938, Wood sold the Bonnie Brae estate, including fiftyone acres, to Charles P. and Mary Randolph Pelzer Cecil of Charleston, South Carolina. The Cecils built a new house to replace the earlier one that burned. The property, which encompasses additional acreage on Rocky Ford Road, was sold at auction in December 2013, following a failed subdivision of the land for a 121-unit residential development to be called “Braewood.” 16 A Guest House, 1092 W. Blue Ridge Road, ca. 1990 NC-B A one-story, side-gable frame guest house is located on the west side of a square, grass and stone terrace to the east of the main house. Built around 1990, the guest house features a projecting front-gable porch supported on chamfered wood posts with arched spandrels and a demilune window in the gable end. The porch shelters a single-leaf paneled wood entry door flanked by sidelights. The ends of the porch are covered with wood lattice. Built on a concrete foundation, the house is covered with boardand-batten siding and is capped with an asphalt shingle roof with three skylights located on the rear (northeast) roof slope. A full-width, shed-roof inset porch is located at the rear of the house. It is supported by square wood posts, shelters French doors with single-light sidelights, and has a slate floor. B Guest House, 1094 W. Blue Ridge Road, 1939, ca. 1990 C-B Located on the east side of a grass and stone terrace, the guest house is a one-story side-gable frame dwelling with a hip-roof ell extending to the northeast. The building is covered with board-and-batten siding and features exposed rafter tails on the rear ell, a small decorative cupola, and four-over-four double-hung sash windows. A single-leaf entrance on the south elevation displays a molded surround that is partially obscured by a pergola and lattice structure added later. A 1990s wood deck extends the full width of the structure on its south elevation, with double-leaf glazed doors opening from the rear ell onto the deck. C Tennis court, ca. 1945 C-S An asphalt tennis court surrounded by a chain-link fence is located on the east side of the property. D Gateposts, 1939 C-O Two stone pillars of cut granite blocks mark the entrance to the driveway to Bonnie Brae. A wrought iron sign with decorative floral scrolls displays a flat plate with a curved top edge and stamped with the 16 Interview with Wick Andrews and Jane Jones Lewis. Henderson County Register of Deeds. Bill Moss, “88-acre Braewood Property Sold at Auction,” Hendersonville Lightning (December 12, 2013) (http://www.hendersonvillelightning.com/business/2303-88-acre-braewood-property-sold-at-auction.html; retrieved January 19, 2014). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 32 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC name “Bonnie Brae” is on the east pillar. Mill House Lodge, ca. 1830, 1960s, ca. 1990 NC-B 1150 W. Blue Ridge Road The Mill House Lodge comprises a modest 7.5-acre motel complex situated on the shore of Lake Jordan, which is formed by the dam that once served the old mill. In addition to the old mill, six other buildings, ranging from cottages to motel-like buildings, accommodate guests as part of Mill House Lodge complex at 1150 W. Blue Ridge Road. The heavily-altered namesake of the Mill House Lodge is a three-story masonry and frame mill building, which dates from the 1830s. The structure reached its present form by the 1960s. It consists of a one-and-ahalf-story front-gable building with shed-roof extensions on both sides and a one-and-a-half-story gable-roof section rising from within. The central block is poured concrete and the side wings are frame. A one-story frame addition was built at the northwest corner and presents an asymmetrical front-gable roof. A hip-roof addition on the south side features a recessed front bay with the overhanging roof supported on square wood posts. The frame sections of the building are covered with T-111, plywood sheathing, and waney-edge wood siding. An attached shed-roof canopy shelters the façade and is supported by diagonal brackets. A front stoop and steps constructed of river rock access the central entrance, which consists of a single-leaf glazed-andpaneled door flanked by multi-light sidelights. The windows are typically replacement one-over-one sash with the notable exception of a six-over-six window to the west of the entrance. A nine-light picture window is located on the front of the north wing, along with a single-leaf entry door accessed from stone and concrete steps. An attached wood deck wraps around the north and east elevations and overlooks the remains of the overshot water wheel on the east side of the building. The mill began in the 1830s when Peter Summey, a miller, received a land grant for this property on Earl’s Creek (present King’s Creek), which he considered suitable for operating an undershot wheel to power a mill. Summey built the mill togrind corn and saw lumber before selling the property in 1846. Will Jordan, a later owner, operated the mill for more than fifty years and was a leading miller of flour, meal, bran, chicken feed, and other products. Over the years, the old mill has also served as a post office and furniture factory. In 1949, Eugene Brown of Charlotte acquired the old mill in a property trade with the idea of converting the building into a summer house. While removing the mill machinery, he determined the space would be ideal for apartments and began renting rooms. As the Old Mill Apartments became a popular lodging place for visitors, Brown began expanding his accommodations in the 1960s. A tennis court surrounded by a chainlink fence was built around 1970 at the south end of the property on the west side of Lake Jordan. In 1989, Ty and June Rhodes purchased the property, built additional facilities, and offered accommodations as Mill House Lodge. Successive owners have continued to expand upon the tradition of hospitality begun in the mid-twentieth century. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 33 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A Dam, ca. 1960 C-S The nineteenth-century stone dam forming Lake Jordan and serving the adjacent mill was rebuilt around 1960. While it incorporates sections of earlier stone work, the top of the dam was capped with a new smooth, poured concrete structure. A slightly recessed spillway is located near the center of the structure and flows over some of the original stone face. B Timber Lodge, 1110 W. Blue Ridge Road/20 Lake Jordan Drive, ca. 1960 C-B Located to the northeast of the mill on the opposite side of the dam, Timber Lodge is a one-story Ranch-style dwelling on an exposed concrete block basement. An attached wood deck extends the full width of the north elevation, which faces West Blue Ridge Road, and wraps around the east side with the access stairs. The house exhibits faux half-log siding, plywood sheathing in the gable ends, and one-overone windows. A bank of one-over-one windows spans the full width of the west elevation and wraps around the northwest and southwest corners to capture views of the lake and dam. A set of sliding-glass doors beneath the deck provide access to the basement. C Dogwood, 30 Lake Jordan Road, ca. 1960 C-B Containing five guest units, Dogwood is a one-story Rustic Revival-style frame building located on the east side of Lake Jordan. The side-gable structure features an exterior stone end chimney, waneyedge wood siding, six-panel doors, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. An engaged porch extends the full width of the west elevation overlooking the lake and is carried on slender square wood posts with a replacement balustrade. The porch shelters single-leaf entrances and four-light picture windows for each of the guest rooms. D Jordan Lodge, 130 Old Mill Road, 1952 C-B Jordan Lodge is a two-and-a-half-story building containing twenty-three guest rooms and suites. The long, side-gable structure is constructed with stone veneer on the first story and plywood sheathing on the upper story. Two-tiered porches extend the full width of the northeast elevation overlooking the lake and are carried on square wood posts. A flat roof creating the first-story porch results in an open, intermediate story between the porch roof and second-story porch floor, which suggests that the upper story may have been a later addition. An enclosed center bay on the northeast elevation rises through all levels and has a nine-light picture window on the upper story. Two-tiered porches on the southwest elevation are carried on square wood posts with metal balustrades. The porches serve as exterior corridors. The building features exposed rafter tails, single-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors, nine-light picture windows on the lakeside elevation, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows on the southwest elevation. E Lakeview, 134 Old Mill Road, ca. 1960 C-B Lakeview is a one-story, curved building that forms roughly a quarter circle and is located NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 34 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC immediately south of Jordan Lodge. It contains six guest rooms. Set on a raised foundation, the Rustic Revival-style frame building features a side-gable roof, waney-edge wood siding, exposed rafter tails, replacement single-leaf doors, eight-over-eight double-hung windows, and knotty pine paneling on the interior. An engaged full-width porch overlooks Jordan Lake to the southeast, with four sets of attached stairs providing access down to the lakeshore. The porch is carried on peeled log posts and displays a two-bar railing composts of peeled log members. Each unit has a single-leaf entry door and nine-light picture window sheltered by the porch. F Summey House, 115 Old Mill Road, ca. 1960 C-B A one-story, brick-veneer Ranch house containing three guest units is located in the northwestern portion of the property. Resting on an exposed basement that faces West Blue Ridge Road to the north, the building features a side-gable roof, exterior brick chimneys, attached wood deck at the front, and an engaged full-width two-tiered porch on the rear (north) elevation. A single-leaf six-panel wood door and sliding glass doors provide access to the house from the front deck. The windows include metal-frame casements and replacement one-over-one double-hung sash windows. G Rhodes Cottage, 140 Old Mill Road, ca. 1960 C-B Rhodes Cottage is a one-story front-gable frame guest unit located directly in front of Jordon Lodge and overlooks the lake to the northeast. The structure displays stone veneer on its north elevation while the remaining sides are covered with waney-edge wood siding. The roof extends forward to form a small porch with a concrete slab floor and square wood posts; wood lattice spandrels are a later addition. The façade consists of an off-center single-leaf entry door and a large picture window. Two small windows are located on the south elevation, and the north elevation has two groups of three single-light windows positioned above the stone veneer and below the eaves. H Laundry Building, ca. 1990 NC-B The laundry is housed in a one-story side-gable frame building located just east of Summey House. It is set slightly below the grade of Old Mill Road and is accessed by concrete steps down to the entrance. Covered with T-111 siding, the building has two single-leaf entry doors and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. I Swimming pool, ca. 1988 NC-S An in-ground, concrete swimming pool was built around 1988 to the west of Jordan Lodge. The pool is surrounded by a concrete deck and a wood lattice fence. J Pool pavilion, ca. 1988 NC-S A gable-roof frame pavilion is located on the north side of the swimming pool. The structure consists of an asphalt-shingle roof supported by square wood posts. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 35 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC K Pump house, ca. 1988 NC-S A small frame pump house stands directly west of the pavilion and houses the pool equipment. It is constructed with an asphalt-shingle gable roof and plywood sheathing. Lowndes-Wood-Maloney House, ca. 1910 C-B 1151 W. Blue Ridge Road The Lowdes-Wood-Maloney House is a large, stylish bungalow built around 1910. The one-and-a-halfstory frame dwelling is covered with weatherboards and is capped by a side-gable roof of pressed-tin shingles. The façade is five-bays wide with a central entrance and doors at the two outer bays framing pairs of twenty-over-one double-hung windows. A broad shed dormer is located on the front slope of the roof, which engages a full-width porch supported by paired square posts on a weatherboarded balustrade with openings at the base to allow porch drainage. The porch, which features triple posts at the corners, a beaded board ceiling, and a wood floor, is accessed by concrete steps with cut granite sides and a granite cap. The dormer contains two groups of three l2-light fixed-sash windows. Remaining fenestration includes sixteenover-one paired and single windows on the front and sides, nine-over-one on the rear, and four-panel doors. The side elevations are three bays deep with a three-part bay window, quarter-round corner boards, and plain window surrounds. The house exhibits a square, interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and a granite pier foundation, some of cut ashlar block with shaped mortar joints, others less formal. At the rear, a central inset porch has a later screened enclosure over a German-sided balustrade. The house has a notable Craftsman interior with exposed-beam coffered ceilings and massive cut granite fireplaces. A dirt and gravel driveway enters the property, crosses a small plank bridge over a stream, and forms a circular grass-andgravel drive in front of the house. Local tradition holds that the house began as a men’s social club, as noted in a 1937 account of the house. It was recalled as “a small cottage almost hidden by tall masses of [wildflowers] that crowd the banks of the stream…. Long ago this building was the Flat Rock Social Club where the young people of the region enjoyed summer Saint Cecilias – when all Flat Rock was a transplanted Charleston.” 17 Edward R. Memminger reported in 1922 that “Many years after the war, the club idea was revived, and a club house was built near the Mill [Farmer’s old mill], but it proved a failure, and has since passed into the hands of I’On Lowndes, who has fitted it up as a dwelling-house.” 18 Early deeds are unclear, but it appears the property was owned in the early 1920s by Inez W. Lowndes, wife of Richard I’On Lowndes. This is 17 Shaffer, 277. 18 Edward Read Memminger, An Historical Sketch of Flat Rock, 1922, (N.p.: Marjorie Memminger Norment, 1954), 18. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 36 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC consistent with Memminger’s report, and Lowndes’ ownership may have been linked to the club, of which he likely was a member. In a 1924 deed John F. and Eleanor S. Maybank of Charleston sold the property to Arthur M. Parker of Florence County, South Carolina. The deed specifically describes the property as “...containing a large bungalow.” The Parkers sold it in 1931 to Alan Wood III, who also owned Pinecrest, the old mill (present Mill House Lodge), Bonnie Brae, and other nearby properties. 19 It is not known how long the Woods continued to use the house. The property was bought in 1959 or 1960 by the Maloney family. Ten years earlier, in 1950, the Rev. James L. Maloney had become year-round manager of neighboring Bonclarken, and he was involved in construction of Bonclarken Lake, immediately adjacent to the Lowndes-Wood-Maloney House. It was Maloney who opened the valve to fill the new lake in 1958. Suffering from Parkinson’s disease, Maloney told the Bonclarken board of directors that he would retire in 1957; however, he remained until 1960, at the board’s request, having served as president, general manager, and acting pastor. The Maloneys bought this bungalow in order to continue spending summers in Flat Rock. The property was shared by three purchasers: Rev. Maloney, his sister, and R. L. Waldrup, a friend from Rock Hill, South Carolina. They split the summers with each family having the house for one month; this arrangement lasted until the late 1980s. The property remains in Maloney family ownership and continues as a summer residence. A Garage, ca. 1910, 1960s NC-B A one-and-a-half-story, front-gable frame garage with attached servants’ quarters stands to the northeast of the house at the end of an unpaved driveway. The building projects out from the sloping yard and is supported on a concrete block foundation wall, concrete block piers, and metal pipe columns. The structure is covered with weatherboards and capped by a metal-clad roof. It has exposed rafter tails, triangular eave brackets on the upper gable end, exterior concrete block flue on the east elevation, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. A one-story shed-roof addition on west side was added in 1960s, when it was winterized as a year-round rental residence. The added roof projects forward above an open bay with a concrete slab floor and is supported by metal pipe columns. The original garage opening has been infilled with modern wood sheathing and a single-leaf door; a four-panel single-leaf door accesses the side addition. A pair of two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins is located on the west elevation. B Outbuilding, ca. 1925 C-B A small one-story, shed-roof frame storage building is located three feet from rear wall of house. The structure is covered with German siding and is entered through a replacement five-panel door facing the 19 Interview with Wick Andrews and Jane Jones Lewis. Henderson County Register of Deeds. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 37 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC house. A single four-light window is located on the rear elevation. C Plank bridge, ca. 1910 C-S Frame vehicle bridge constructed of wood planks gives access to house and crosses a small stream that parallels Blue Ridge Road. House, 1964 C-B 1156 W. Blue Ridge Road This two-story, side-gable, brick and frame dwelling is constructed with an engaged two-bay garage to the east and an aluminum-clad second story that is cantilevered. A recessed entry porch is embellished with decorative metal brackets. Windows throughout are typically three-light aluminum-frame sash with the notable exception of a first-story picture window. Due to the topography of the lot, the one-story rear elevation displays a shed-roof rear porch that is enclosed at the west end. House, 1978 NC-B 1160 W. Blue Ridge Road Two-and-a-half-story, front-gable chalet-type house features a two-tiered wraparound porch and deck, brick veneer first story, flush wood siding on the second story with applied vertical and diagonal frame members, and an exterior brick chimney. The façade contains two sets of sliding-glass doors on both the first and second stories. The group of three 12-light windows in the upper front gable is framed by bands of cutout wood members set against a white background for decorative effect. House, 1952 C-B 1210 W. Blue Ridge Road The former home of Lenoir Ray, this one-story brick Ranch house features a hip roof, interior brick chimney, projecting front-gable end bay, soldier-course brick belt course and lintels, and replacement doors and windows. The attached shed-roof entry porch is supported on thin metal posts. The west end bay of the façade displays a sliding-glass door that appears to be a later addition. Born September 12, 1922 in Buncombe County, Charles Lenoir Ray became postmaster in Flat Rock on June 18, 1948 and served in that position for twenty-four years. During his tenure, he wrote several short stories about the Civil War, stamp columns for the Times-News (Hendersonville, NC) and the Asheville Citizen-Times, and freelance articles for both newspapers. Ray was fascinated by the postal history of NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 38 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Henderson County, and spent ten years researching the post offices and the people of the county. He compiled this information in Postmarks, published in 1970. He died on April 11, 1971 after suffering a heart attack. 20 Flat Rock First Missionary Baptist Church, 1961 [Photo 16] C-B 1222 W. Blue Ridge Road A distinctly modern brick frontispiece forming a steep-gabled and metal steeple dominates this onestory-plus-basement front-gable brick-veneered church building. A lower gable-roof vestibule connects the steeple with the main sanctuary. The building is plainly finished with a louvered vent in the upper gable, replacement metal roof, and replacement three-light windows. The strong geometry of the steeple mass is accentuated by three vertical bands on the front, metal grille vent, and smoothly finished metal steeple. House, 1974 NC-B 1226 W. Blue Ridge This one-story, side-gable, frame Ranch house is covered with board-and-batten and waney-edge wood siding; a garage wing to the northeast is covered with vertical wood sheathing. An engaged shed-roof porch supported on bracketed square wood posts shelters the façade. The façade to the southwest (not sheltered by the porch) is covered with wany-edge siding and displays a picture window on the façade. A shed-roof addition projects to the rear. A Shed, ca. 1950 C-S A one-story gable-roof frame shed on the property appears to predate the house; it may have been historically associated with the adjacent Ella May Bell House (see 1240 W. Blue Ridge Road). The building is covered with vertical wood siding and the overhanging roof on the front (northeast) is supported by unpeeled log posts. Two wood doors are secured with wood bars. Ella Mae Bell Hardin House, ca. 1932 NC-B 1240 W. Blue Ridge Road The one-story side-gable frame dwelling has a large gable-roof ell that extends to the rear. Resting on a stone pier foundation with brick infill, the house has a three-bay façade, decorative front-gable, side-gable 20 Ray, 139. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 39 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC wing on the west side, and an attached shed-roof porch supported on replacement wood posts. A hip-roof polygonal bay window has been added to the front-gable bay on the façade. The house is covered with weatherboards on the façade under the porch, asbestos shingles, and board-and-batten siding on the west elevation. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door with four vertical lights over panels and a later tripartite picture window. The windows are paired six-over-six and four-over-one double-hung sash, with the exception of the one-over-one bay window. The long rear ell displays a row of fixed four-light sash windows and casement windows at the rear. The land associated with this house was owned by Clarence Bell, who gave the property to his daughter Ella Mae Bell Hardin (1909-2004). Bell, the caretaker of Boxwood (14 E. Boxwood Loop), gave the land to his daughter and her husband, Uncas D. Hardin, in part because they had taken care of her grandfather before his death. The Hardins built the house in the early 1930s. Ella Mae Hardin was employed by Sam Pickard, owner of Greenlawn (3111 Greenville Highway) from 1935 to 1949. Melton Peace House, ca. 1910, ca. 2008 NC-B 1250 W. Blue Ridge Road This one-story frame triple-A house was extensively altered around 2008 with vinyl siding, asphalt shingle roof, and replacement one-over-one windows. The house rests on an ashlar-face concrete block foundation and is enlarged by a rear ell and cross-gable rear block. An attached partial-width hip-roof porch is supported on square wood posts with a cross-braced balustrade. A picture window has been added to the façade under the porch. An exterior stone chimney on the west elevation exhibits a stuccoed upper stack. A small one-bay wing projects from the rear block, and an elevated wood deck extends to the rear (south) of the house. The house was built by the Peace family, who owned and operated Peace’s General Store (2710 Greenville Highway) for several decades beginning in the early twentieth century. Melton Peace (“Uncle Meltie”) lived in this house next door to his brother Luther, whose house at 1270 W. Blue Ridge Road no longer stands. The two brothers ran the store together. Melton Peace’s daughter Nellie and her husband, Leroy McCall, lived here later, and subsequently passed the house to their daughter, Jeannette McCall Edney (later Dowling), and her husband Loren Edney. A Garage, ca. 1986 NC-B One-story, two-car frame garage with a front-gable roof has a concrete block foundation, vinyl siding, and two-over-two windows with horizontal muntins. A secondary entrance on the north elevation contains a single-leaf door. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 40 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC B Shed, ca. 1985 NC-B One-story side-gable frame shed has a metal roof and vertical wood sheathing. House, ca. 1985 NC-B 1254 W. Blue Ridge Road Located on a rear lot subdivided from the Peace House property at 1250 W. Blue Ridge Road, this dwelling is composed of a mobile home trailer connected to a one-story front-gable frame wing at the rear. BLUFFVIEW LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) WEST BOBCAT COURT See Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision (Boundary Decrease) BONCLARKEN LANE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds House, 1949 C-B 40 Bonclarken Lane This rambling, one-story side-gable duplex is partially covered with wood siding and brick veneer. The structure features two decorative front gables, an attached shed-roof porch supported on turned posts, façade picture window, and replacement one-over-one windows. The porch roof shelters recessed entrance bays. The structure abuts a two-story one-bay garage with an apartment above. The front-gable brick-veneer garage wing has a glazed-and-paneled overhead garage door, board-and-batten siding on the second story, and an exterior brick chimney. An enclosed porch and attached deck are located on the west side of the garage. A Garage, ca. 2012 NC-B One-story front-gable frame garage is covered with plywood sheathing and entered through a metal NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 41 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC overhead door. House, 1965, ca. 2005 C-B 69 Bonclarken Lane Modest one-story side-gable frame Ranch house rests on a brick veneer foundation with a rowlockcourse watertable and a one-bay basement garage that is accessed from the northwest elevation. An exterior brick chimney rises against the façade, with an uncovered brick stoop providing access to a central entry. Originally covered with board-and-batten siding, the house has been remodeled in recent years with vinyl siding, replacement one-over-one windows, and a wooden porch balustrade. A shed-roof screened porch is attached at the rear of the house. House, 2010 NC-B 87 Bonclarken Lane One-and-a-half-story modern log house with a side-gable roof has a stuccoed foundation, two gabled front dormers, rear shed dormer, and an attached full-width shed-roof porch with a central front-gable bay. The house was built for the Spartanburg Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Spartanburg, South Carolina, which has owned this lot since 1961. House, 2010 NC-B 92 Bonclarken Lane One-and-a-half-story modern log house with a side-gable roof has a stuccoed foundation, two gabled front dormers, rear shed dormer, and an attached full-width shed-roof porch. The windows are one-over-one sash. A covered wood deck is attached at the rear of the house. House, 1972 NC-B 95 Bonclarken Lane Small, one-story side-gable frame house on a brick foundation displays paneled wood sheathing, replacement one-over-one windows, and an inset corner porch supported by a diagonal bracket. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 42 House, ca. 1940 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 113 Bonclarken Lane Built around 1940, the two-story side-gable frame residence has been owned by the New Perth Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Troutman, North Carolina, since 1960. Resting on a cut-stone foundation, the three-bay structure displays exposed rafter tails, replacement one-over-one windows, and aluminum siding. An attached one-story front-gable entry porch is supported by paired square posts and shelters double-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors. A two-story shed addition at the rear consists of a screened porch on the first story and enclosed rooms on the second. An exterior wood stair at the rear of the building rises to a cantilevered wood balcony that wraps around the rear and side elevations of the structure. A Shed, ca. 2012 NC-B A prefabricated one-story front-gable frame shed is covered with plywood sheathing and rests on concrete block piers. House, 2011 NC-B 120 Bonclarken Lane One-story, side-gable, Neo-traditional frame house is clad with vinyl siding and features a large gabled front dormer, engaged full-width porch carried on square posts, and a set back garage wing. House, 1948, ca. 1990 NC-B 147 Bonclarken Lane One-story side-gable frame Ranch house has been heavily altered with a stuccoed foundation, replacement six-over-six windows, a front-gable porch with replacement posts and balustrade, and a frontgable wing projecting from the facade. House, 2001 NC-B 177 Bonclarken Lane One-story modern frame Ranch house is covered with hardieplank siding and has an engaged partialwidth porch, six-over-six windows, and stuccoed foundation. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 43 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, ca. 1923, ca. 1955 C-B 203 Bonclarken Lane One-and-a-half-story side-gable Craftsman-influenced dwelling with a set back side wing has a front shed dormer, exposed rafter tails, weatherboard siding, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The side wing’s engaged porch allows the single-leaf entry door to be located on the north side of the main block. The porch is supported by square wood posts with simple angled brackets. An interior brick chimney rises from the rear roof slope. A one-story front-gable addition extends from the northeast corner of the side wing and has an exterior brick chimney, skylights, and a single-leaf entry door on the front elevation. The house had the same appearance and configuration as the altered structure next door at 2620 Greenville Highway. A Garage, ca. 1923 C-B One-story one-bay front-gable frame garage has a metal roof with exposed rafter tails, weatherboards, and a replacement metal overhead door. EAST BOXWOOD LOOP Ellen King Campbell House, ca. 1905 [Photo 11] C-B 1 E. Boxwood Loop The house is a two-story stuccoed Arts and Crafts dwelling with a low-pitched hip roof, wide overhanging eaves, and tapered central hip dormer. The exposed rafter tails are more typical of the Mission style. The eaves and cornices emphasize horizontal lines. The house presents a symmetrical three-bay façade with a central entrance and center-hall plan. The little altered house features a one-story hip-roof wraparound porch and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. A detached board-and-batten garage was demolished in 1997. The house was built around 1905 for Ellen King Campbell, Judge Mitchell King’s daughter who married Francis Campbell. William Bell White Howe Jr. (1851-1912), a Charleston architect who summered in Flat Rock and married into Judge King’s family, designed the Campbell House. Howe’s designs, some in collaboration with other architects, included the William Enston Home (1887) and 363 King Street (1891), both in Charleston, the Jacksonville Terminal (1898), and the Brunswick &Western Railroad’s Satilla River Bridge in Georgia. 21 The house was later sold to the McKellar family. David Harkness McKellar and his wife Jane Catherine Skene McKellar were Scottish sheep ranchers who moved to Australia, then to New Zealand, and in 1891, to 21 Interview with Louise Howe Bailey, granddaughter of the architect Howe. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 44 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Mexico where they acquired several ranches. Their extensive fencing interfered with the watering of neighboring stock, and about two years after moving there, David McKellar was murdered in Mosquiz, Mexico. The following year Mrs. McKellar and her children left Mexico and moved to Nebraska, then to San Antonio where they lived for six years. Mrs. McKellar visited Thomas and Elizabeth Grimshawe, British friends who lived in Flat Rock at Five Oaks (2810 Greenville Highway), and soon she and her three unmarried daughters bought this house and moved to Flat Rock. They named the house Danoon. Mrs. McKellar lived here until her death in 1923, and her three daughters continued to live in Flat Rock. 22 One daughter, Vida E. McKellar, married J. Leeming Grimshawe, son of the McKellar’s British friends, in 1933. The couple lived in California for a few years before returning to Flat Rock, where they lived on Pennwood Lane off Little River Road. Vida was known as "Budge" or "Budgie" after the bird because she was so talkative. She died in 1982 at age 100 and was buried at the Church of St. John in the Wilderness, alongside her husband. Leeming Grimshawe (1893-1979) wrote Flat Rock 1836-1976: A Brief Description of the Homes in Olden Times in 1976. Another daughter, Anne Edith McKellar, called “Ede,” never married, served at times as a chaperone for young members of the British royalty during their travels, and died in 1978 in Hendersonville. The house was later bought back by one of the three McKellar daughters before being sold to the Cutler family, who lived here for many years and operated a local antique store. The property was renovated in 1998 and had operated as the Rose Tree Bed & Breakfast. Presently it serves as the private residence of Robert and Judy Boleman. 23 House, 1998 NC-B 3 E. Boxwood Loop Located on a corner lot at the intersection of Boxwood Loop and Mullally Drive, this one-story, brickveneer house is capped by a clipped side-gable roof and features a stuccoed entrance portico consisting of two arched bays supported on Tuscan columns. The two entrance bays contain a single-leaf multi-light door framed by sidelights and a tall plate-glass fanlight. A projecting front-gable bay contains the attached garage. Part of the small "Boxwood" development that was platted in 1957 by Ben Woodside, Jr., and located just north of the entrance to Boxwood. Boxwood, 1920, 1987 22 C-B Margaret Maud McKellar, Life on a Mexican Ranche, ed. Dolores L. Latorre (Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press, 1994), 220-221. 23 McKellar, 220-222. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 45 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 14 E. Boxwood Loop One-and-a-half-story, cross-gable Craftsman-influenced frame house is dominated by a large front gable and engaged hip-roof porch. The house features exterior river rock chimneys, wood shingle siding, exposed rafter tails, a hip-roof porte cochere, side and rear wings, and replacement six-over-one double-hung wood sash windows. The porch is carried on fieldstone posts with stone balustrades and steps. A front-gable entrance bay on the porch is supported by curved brackets and frames the double-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors. The interior is organized with an irregular plan around a central hall and retains its original plaster walls, woodwork, and flooring. Caroline H. L. Mullally bought 60.9 acres from McMillan C. King, grandson of Judge Mitchell King of Argyle, in 1920, and developed it as her summer place. Her husband, Lane Mullally, a Charleston physician, died that same year. An earlier house on the property, north of the present house, burned in a fire that destroyed all buildings except the caretaker’s house, which Mrs. Mullally retained. Mullally built her new house on the site of an earlier barn. After planting 350 boxwoods on the property, she chose the name “Boxwood” for her estate. Caroline Mullally hired Erle G. Stillwell as the architect for her house. A 1920 invoice on his letterhead shows a bill of $1,200 to Mrs. C. H. L. Mullally for Boxwood, with handwritten “paid in full Erle G. Stillwell.” 24 Stillwell (1885-1978) was born in Hannibal, Missouri, moved to Hendersonville as a young man in 1903, and, in 1907, married the daughter of William Smith, the influential developer of Laurel Park. Stillwell attended the United States Naval Academy and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; took architecture courses at Cornell University 1910-1912; and began his solo practice in Hendersonville before 1915. He traveled extensively in England, Scotland, France, Italy, and Greece. In 1916 he joined the A.I.A., serving twice as president of the state chapter and becoming a fellow in 1937. 25 Stillwell’s early work was concentrated in Hendersonville during the area’s pre-Depression boom period. He was quickly successful, designing sophisticated buildings in a range of popular styles. His varied commissions included houses, schools, theaters, churches, and banks in communities around Henderson County. He later expanded his practice well beyond Hendersonville. In the mid-1930s he was hired by a national theater corporation, Paramount, and designed about sixty theaters throughout the South for that corporation and others. In order to qualify for government contracts during World War II, he helped to found the Asheville-based firm Six Associates along with several other Asheville architects and an engineer. He 24 25 A copy of the invoice is part of the survey site file (HN 670) for the property. William Mitchell, Buildings as History: The Architecture of Erle Stillwell (Hendersonville, NC: William Mitchell and Henderson County Public Library, 2006), ix. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 46 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC continued his Hendersonville practice until 1953. Stillwell retired in 1970 and died in 1978. 26 Clarence Bell, who worked as caretaker for both the previous owner and Mrs. Mullally, served as stonemason for Boxwood, laying the porch posts and balustrade, steps, and chimneys. The Bell family lived in the caretaker’s house where their children were born. A son, Jesse W. Bell (1901-1991), became a wellknown carpenter and builder in Flat Rock and Henderson County. 27 The scenic entrance road curves through a densely wooded area before crossing a stone bridge on edge of the pond with an open vista of the house and expanses of lawn. After crossing the bridge, driveway continues through woods before approaching the house along a boxwood-lined section of driveway. The driveway passes in front of the house and forms a large loop as it continues through property, linking the associated outbuildings. the the the the The designed landscape of Boxwood is an integral aspect of the 1920 design and redevelopment of the property. The extensive use of boxwoods to define roads, garden rooms, vistas, and the entrance drive gave the property its name. In addition to the boxwoods, notable landscape elements include a pond, stone curb and gutter along the driveway, open lawns, woodlands, pastures, fencing, and the placement of outbuildings. A hard-surface tennis court was added to the property in the mid-1970s. Located to the north of the house, it is surrounded by a tall chain-link fence and screened by vegetation. Mrs. Mullally’s daughter, Caroline “Kitty” Mullally Ladue, and her husband, Brigadier General Laurence Knight Ladue, had planned to retire at Boxwood, but Brig. Gen. Ladue was killed in action in Korea in 1951. Mrs. Ladue sold Boxwood to the Woodside family from Spartanburg, South Carolina. The Woodsides planned to subdivide the property into twenty-six lots, but Carter and Patricia Henry, who owned neighboring Embrook (93 Embrook Lake Drive), bought Boxwood to protect it from development. The Henrys owned the property for about twelve years, renting it to several families with ties to Flat Rock. Mrs. Mullally’s boxwood bushes grew to such size that the Henrys, in the 1960s, took out every other one; later owners removed more. Major General Harleston Edward deSaussure Jr. and his wife Frances bought Boxwood in 1969 as a summer place. Frances Huger deSaussure spent her childhood summers at her parents’ nearby estate, Idlewild (70 Idlewild Lane). After Gen. deSaussure’s retirement in 1972, they winterized the barn for a residence and spent winters there for fifteen years, using the main house only during the summer until 1987, when they adapted it for year-round use. In 1997, the deSaussures sold the fifty-four-acre property to Clifton 26 27 Ibid., ix-x. Davyd Foard Hood, “Bryn Avon” National Register of Historic Places Nomination (Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Asheville, North Carolina, 1998). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 47 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC and Delores Shipman.28 A Caretaker’s House, 17 E. Boxwood Loop, pre-1920, 1980s NC-B Heavily remodeled after 1970, this one-story frame house was originally built as the caretaker’s residence for an earlier house on the property. The dwelling originally featured a brick pier foundation, interior brick chimneys, weatherboards, exposed rafter tails, an attached shed-roof porch on the south elevation, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. It was remodeled, likely in the 1980s, with a stuccoed foundation, board-and-batten siding, and replacement six-over-six windows. The attached shed porch on the south elevation was removed and the chimney stacks taken down. The front entrance was relocated from the south elevation to the center of the west elevation, which was originally part of the rear ell. An open porch on the east elevation has also been enclosed. Jesse Bell, who grew up in the house, completed portions of the remodeling. B Servants’ House, 1920 C-B Located just northeast of the main house, the one-story servants’ house is a side-gable, Craftsmaninfluenced frame dwelling. Resting on a brick pier foundation, the house has German siding, exposed rafter tails, a one-bay set back wing to the east, and six-over-one windows. A projecting gable-roof bay on the north elevation contains a single-leaf five-panel door on its west side and is accessed by a set of wooden steps. C Garage, 1920, 1970s C-B A one-story one-bay frame garage stands adjacent to the servants’ house and faces north. The hiproof structure has wood shingle siding, twelve-over-one double-hung sash windows, and a replacement metal overhead door. The roof projects forward to shelter the garage bay entrance; the concrete slab apron and square wood posts supporting the roof overhang have been added since 1970. D Barn/House, 16 E. Boxwood Loop, 1920, 1972 NC-B Located southeast of the main house, this one-and-a-half-story former barn was winterized and converted to a residence in 1972. Resting on a stone foundation, the structure is covered with wood shingle siding and is capped by a tall gable-on-hip roof. Projecting bays on the front and rear elevations also display gable-on-hip roofs, with a large exterior fieldstone chimney rising against the rear bay. A one-story shed-roof extension projects to the northwest and is clad with plywood sheathing above a shingled knee wall. The windows appear to be replacement eight-over-eight and six-over-six sash with three sets of tall sliding windows on the southeast elevation. E Barn, ca. 1975 28 Interview with Frances H. deSaussure. NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 48 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A one-and-a-half-story gambrel-roof barn built in the mid-1970s stands in a cleared field to the north of the main house. The frame structure is covered with board-and-batten siding and capped by a corrugated metal roof. An enclosed one-story shed extends from the west side of the barn with a onestory open shed located on the east side. The open shed is supported on log posts. The gambrel end of the barn contains replacement one-over-one double-hung windows and an elevated wood deck that is accessed by a long, wooden L-shaped ramp. Double-leaf wood doors on the upper story are accessed from the deck. An open entrance bay on the first story is sheltered by the attached deck. F House, 18 E. Boxwood Loop, 1981 NC-B This one-story frame Ranch house to the south of the main house was built by the deSaussures. Built on brick foundation, the hip-roof dwelling features an interior brick chimney, weatherboards, and replacement one-over-one double-hung sash windows. An attached front-gable entry porch supported on slender wood posts shelters a double-leaf entry. An inset screened porch is located at the northwest corner of the house. G Bridge and dam, ca. 1920 C-S The approximately one-half-acre pond lying in front of the house is formed by a stone dam across a small creek. A bridge carrying the entrance driveway spans the dam and creek with three arched spandrels forming the spillway. The bridge appears to be constructed of reinforced concrete with a facing of fieldstone, including the abutments and solid bridge rails. BOYD DRIVE Developed on the north side of Saluda Cottages, Boyd Drive was platted in 1955 as part of the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. Carriage House Condominiums, 1970 NC-B (4) 101 Boyd Drive The Carriage House Condominiums consist of four identical, multi-unit buildings arranged in a U-shape around a grass lawn planted with trees. The two-story brick buildings have a side-gable roof, one-story sidegable wings, a semi-engaged full-height porch, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The façade has paired single-leaf entry doors set within a large classical surround with flat pilasters and broken pediments. The exposed side and rear elevations of the two-story section are covered with vertical wood sheathing. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 49 Flat Rock Manor Condominiums, 1966 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 102 Boyd Drive The two-story brick-veneer condominium building is a large U-shaped structure overlooking a grass lawn, low stone fountain, and boxwood plantings. The building features a side-gable roof, two-tiered columned porches, metal balustrades, picture windows, and replacement one-over-one double-hung sash windows. A Garage, 1966 NC-B (2) Two detached garage structures are located on the east and west sides of the main building. Each building is a one-story, flat-roof, brick structure with corrugated metal roofing, a deep front overhang, single windows on the side elevations, and six open garage bays with metal pipe columns for support. House, 2000 NC-B 105 Boyd Drive Two-story side-gable frame house with a brick-veneer façade is clad with vinyl siding on the side and rear elevations and displays a decorative front gable above a central arched window, a single-leaf entry flanked by sidelights, six-over-six windows, and a cross-gable garage wing. House, 1972 NC-B 106 Boyd Drive One-story brick Ranch house with a hip roof has an attached front-gable entry porch, multi-light casement windows, vinyl-clad side addition, and a two-car garage located on the façade. House, 1957 C-B 108 Boyd Drive One-story brick Ranch house with a hip roof has a curved bay window on the façade, interior brick chimney, and replacement six-over-six windows. A recessed entrance bay is covered with wood sheathing and contains a single-leaf entry door flanked by sidelights. Two garage bays are located in the basement and entered on the west side of the house. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 50 House, 1973 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 111 Boyd Drive Two-story split-level frame Ranch house is covered with brick veneer and vertical wood sheathing and has a side-gable roof, replacement one-over-one windows, and a two-car garage entered on the west side elevation. House, 1957 C-B 113 Boyd Drive One-story brick Ranch house with a hip roof has a stone veneer façade, interior brick chimney, projecting front-gable bay, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. A garage is located in the partially exposed basement and is entered on the east side elevation. House, 1968 NC-B 115 Boyd Drive One-story side-gable frame Ranch house is covered with vertical wood sheathing and has an interior brick chimney, replacement single-pane windows, an inset entry porch, and a set back garage wing on the west elevation. House, 1966 NC-B 117 Boyd Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house displays an engaged partial-width porch carried on simple columns, replacement six-over-six windows, and two garage bays located on the façade. House, 1964 C-B 119 Boyd Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house features an interior brick chimney, single-pane casement windows, a façade picture window, and weatherboards in the gable ends. A gable-roof rear ell forms the west end of a patio carrying across the rear of the house. A two-car garage wing extends from the east elevation. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 51 House, 1958, ca. 1990 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 121 Boyd Drive One-and-a-half-story, U-shaped, frame Ranch house sits on a stone foundation and is covered with waney-edge wood siding. A two-bay front-gable garage wing is covered with weatherboards. The house has six-over-six double-hung sash windows and features an inset porch carried on square posts with arched spandrels. House, 1966 NC-B 122 Boyd Drive Set deep within a wooded lot, the two-story side-gable brick house has a full-height porch supported on square posts, a one-story flat-roof side wing, single-leaf entry flanked by sidelights, and eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows. House, 1958 C-B 123 Boyd Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house features a dentil cornice, an interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap, curved bay windows, and an inset entry bay accessed from a brick terrace. A set back carport wing extends from the east elevation. A Swimming pool, 1989 NC-S An in-ground, concrete swimming pool with a concrete deck is located at the rear of the house to the north. House, 1989 NC-B 125 Boyd Drive One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional brick house has a side-gable roof, two front-gable bays on the façade, an exterior brick chimney, one-over-one double-hung sash windows, and a set back two-car garage wing. House, 1960 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 52 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 127 Boyd Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has two interior brick chimneys, an attached flat-roof entry porch on slender columns, single-leaf entry framed by sidelights, and eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows. A single garage bay is entered on the west side elevation. House, 1971 NC-B 129 Boyd Drive Large, two-story Neo-traditional frame house is covered with weatherboards and has a side-gable roof, overhanging second story, classically-inspired entrance surround, narrow windows, and a one-story sidegable garage wing. House, 1994 NC-B 131 Boyd Drive One-story modern frame Ranch house sits on a concrete block foundation and is clad with vinyl siding. House, 1967 NC-B 137 Boyd Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has interior brick chimneys, a dentil cornice, rear shed dormer clad with vinyl siding, eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows, and an enclosed porch that connects the house to a two-car garage wing. A Swimming pool, 1975 NC-S An in-ground, concrete swimming pool with a concrete deck is located at the rear of the house to the southwest. House, 1967 NC-B 141 Boyd Drive One-story brick Ranch house with a hip roof displays a dentil cornice, a polygonal bay capped by hip- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 53 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC roof, recessed single-leaf entry, and replacement six-over-six and eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows. BROADMOOR DRIVE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) BUNGALOW LANE See Highland Lake Village subdivision BURNING TREE LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) CAMPBELL DRIVE Part of the Flat Rock Forest subdivision, which was developed on a portion of the Saluda Cottages estate. Section 3 of Flat Rock Forest, including Campbell Drive, was platted in December 1955. House, 1980 NC-B 101 Campbell Drive One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional brick dwelling with a side-gable roof, three gabled front dormers, interior brick chimney, and an attached side-gable garage wing. A Garage, 2005 NC-B One-and-a-half-story front-gable brick garage with two bays has a single window in its gable end. House, 1956 C-B 104 Campbell Drive One-story brick Ranch house has a hip roof, interior brick chimney, and an attached two-bay garage NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 54 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC wing. An uncovered stoop accesses the single-leaf front entrance. Fenestration includes picture windows, replacement casements, corner windows, and window bands on the garage wing. House, 1976 NC-B 105 Campbell Drive Two-story brick and frame T-plan house has brick veneer and vinyl siding, an exterior brick chimney, an attached one-story hip-roof porch, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and a one-story two-car garage wing. House, 1995 NC-B 106 Campbell Drive Two-story Neo-traditional frame house with a side-gable roof is clad with vinyl siding and rests on a stuccoed foundation. The house has a set back side wing, side-gable garage wing, and one-over-one windows. House, 1972 NC-B 108 Campbell Drive One-story hip-roof brick Ranch house has an interior brick chimney, curved bay window, screened front porch, eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows, and a garage bay on the north side elevation. A Garage, 2012 NC-B One-story front-gable frame garage has a stuccoed foundation, vinyl siding, and a metal overhead door. CAMPERS CIRCLE DRIVE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds Picnic shelter, ca. 2006 20 Campers Circle Drive NC-S NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 55 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A five-bay wood-frame picnic shelter with exposed roof trusses is capped by a metal gable roof. The gable ends are sheathed with metal siding. It is located at the east end of the Bonclarken campground. Bathhouse, ca. 1990 NC-S 55 Campers Circle Drive Encircled by the Bonclarken campground, the bathhouse is a one-story gable-roof frame building containing men’s and women’s bathrooms and a laundromat. Resting on a concrete block foundation, the building is covered with board-and-batten siding and has exposed purlins and rafter tails. CANDLEWOOD LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) CARL SANDBURG LANE Connemara, 1838-1839, ca. 1848, ca. 1889, ca. 1924, ca. 1945 [Photo 1] C-B Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site National Historic Landmark 554 Carl Sandburg Lane Built in 1838-1839, the house is a significant, if modest, example of the early Greek Revival designed by Charles F. Reichardt, a Prussian-born architect working in Charleston, South Carolina. 29 The main house, originally called Rock Hill, was built by Christopher Gustavus Memminger (1803-1888), a wealthy lawyer and politician from Charleston who later became Secretary of the Treasury for the Confederate States of America. The one-and-a-half-story frame dwelling is built on a raised stone basement, covered with weatherboards, and capped by a side-gable roof. The five-bay façade is punctuated by a pedimented porch carried by fluted Doric columns on brick piers. A three-part window pierces the face of the pediment, which is sheathed with flush boards. The porch shelters a large, central, three-part window of one-over-one doublehung sash that is flanked by two single-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors topped by decorative multi-light 29 The construction of the house and its evolution through subsequent owners is fully documented in the Connemara Main House Historic Structure Report (2005) prepared by Tommy Jones for the National Park Service’s Southeast Regional Office in Atlanta. Additional information about the house and outbuildings was adapted from the “Carl Sandburg Home National Hitsoric Site (Additional Documentation)” National Register nomination prepared for the National Park Service in 1995. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 56 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC transoms. The remaining first-story windows are two-over-two double-hung sash, and the façade window and door openings display molded surrounds with bulls-eye corner blocks. The house features three interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, front and rear gabled dormers, oriel window and porte cochere on the northwest elevation, and a shed-roof addition at the rear that was likely added by the Smyths around 1924. Two other brick chimneys rise between the original rear wall of the house and the later shed addition. An attached one-story shed-roof screened porch and a hip-roof greenhouse were added to the southeast elevation. After Memminger’s death, his heirs sold the estate to trustees for Mary Fleming Gregg (1839-died after 1900). Her husband, William H. Gregg Jr. (1834-1895), was the son of the famed William H. Gregg, Sr., builder of one of the South’s earliest textile mills in Graniteville, South Carolina, in the 1840s. In 1900, Mary Fleming Gregg sold Rock Hill to Ellison Adger Smyth (1847-1942), “dean of the Southern textile industry,” according to his obituary in the New York Times. The Smyths renamed the estate Connemara and, like the Greggs and the Memmingers, occupied the house only about four months out of the year in the early 1900s. The Smyths continued to use Connemara as a part-time residence until 1924, when the house was rehabilitated and became their primary residence. Weary of the harsh winters at their old home on Harbert, Michigan, Carl Sandburg (1878-1967) and his wife, Lilian “Paula” Steichen Sandburg, bought the estate in the fall of 1945 and, with their daughters, occupied the house in January of 1946. Winner of a Pulitzer Prize in 1940 for his biography of Abraham Lincoln and another in 1951 for his poetry, Sandburg, “the poet of the American people,” enjoyed some of his most productive years at Connemara, including completion of Remembrance Rock, his sweeping novel of the American experience. In addition to Carl Sandburg’s writing, the estate provided an ideal location for Lilian Sandburg’s Chikaming goat herd, which included Swiss and English milk-producing breeds. Mrs. Sandburg recognized the importance of open grazing, and the farm’s goats’ milk was sold to the Kalmia Dairy in Hendersonville. In 1961, her doe Puritan Jon’s Jennifer II became the all-breed American champion in milk production and world champion Toggenburg goat. 30 After Carl Sandburg’s death in 1967, his widow sold the estate and donated its contents to the Federal government. It became Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site in 1968, a unit of the National Park Service. As with most old buildings, there have been a variety of alterations and additions to the original house, including a large addition and significant interior alterations that Memminger himself made around 1848 and a series of late Victorian additions and alterations that were most likely made by the Greggs shortly after they bought the property in 1889. Although the kitchen remained in a separate building, Smyth tore down the Memminger additions and constructed the present range of rooms across the rear of the house. New oak flooring was laid on the first floor, French doors replaced older solid panel doors onto the porches, and part 30 Paula Steichen, My Connemara (N.p.: Eastern Acorn Press, 1969), 31-45. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 57 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC of the Victorian porch on the eastside of the house was replaced with a conservatory. Smyth also added central heating and two additional bathrooms as he adapted the house for year-round occupancy. The last major changes to the house occurred in the two or three years immediately following World War II when the Sandburgs adapted the house for their own use and undertook a thorough renovation of the building. The house was largely rewired, the master bathroom was replaced, and bathroom was added on the second floor. A new kitchen was built inside the house and the old outside kitchen was converted into a garage. The basement was gutted and totally reconfigured, while bookshelves and nearly two dozen closets were added throughout the house. Most of the house’s surviving nineteenth- and early twentieth-century interior features, excepting the basement, were maintained by the Sandburgs, but the exterior appearance of the house was significantly altered by the removal of the window blinds and of the muntins from most of the window sash, transforming the original nine-over-nine, six-over-six, and two-over-two sash into one-over-one sash windows. A Garage, ca. 1838, ca. 1945 C-B Originally built as a detached kitchen by Memminger, the Sandburgs converted the building into a garage during their ownership. The tall, one-story, three-bay frame outbuilding has an asphalt-shingle side-gable roof, German siding, stone foundation, and glazed-and-paneled overhead doors. The center garage bay has been altered with the installation of French entry doors. B Swedish House, 514 Carl Sandburg Lane, ca. 1852 C-B Built by C. G. Memminger in the early 1850s, the one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame building originally served as servants’ quarters. Resting on a stone foundation, the building features a metal-clad roof, exterior stone chimney with a brick stack, weatherboard siding, and decorative sawn bargeboards. A central single-leaf solid-wood entry door on the façade is sheltered by an attached shed-roof entry porch on slender wood posts. The windows throughout are typically nine-over-six double-hung sash with operable, solid wood shutters. A single two-over-two window is located on the rear elevation. The building housed domestic servants through all subsequent owners until the Sandburgs bought the estate in the 1940s. The Sandburgs, who had no full time help, referred to the building as the “Swedish House” because its steeply pitched roof and decorative sawn bargeboards reminded them of Swedish architecture. They used it for storing books and household items. 31 C Chicken House/Wash House, 558 Carl Sandburg Lane, ca. 1841, ca. 1924, 1979 C-B Built by C. G. Memminger as servants’ quarters, the one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame building exhibits a stone foundation, weatherboard siding, metal-clad roof with exposed rafter tails, and six-over31 Tommy H. Jones, “Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site, The Swedish House Historic Structure Report” (Report for Cultural Resources, Southeast Region, National Park Service, Atlanta, GA, Setpember 2005). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 58 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC six double-hung sash windows. Two single-leaf entry doors are located on the east elevation and provide access to the two first-story rooms. The partially finished upper story is accessed through a single-leaf door with a transom on the north gable end, which is reached by a wood ladder that rises against the exterior wall. The south gable end contains a single, central window. The building continued to house servants for subsequent owners until 1924, when the Smyths decided to make the estate their year-round home and converted the building to a laundry, or wash house. The Smyths added two hearths and a brick chimney for heating wash tubs. During the Sandburg era, one side housed chickens and the other side housed Mrs. Sandburg’s toddler goats. Extensive rehabilitation and repair work completed by the National Park Service in 1979, included rebuilding the stone foundation, repairing siding and windows, replacing the shutters, and replacing hardware where needed. 32 D Tenant House, 509 Carl sandburg Lane, ca. 1900 C-B One-story side-gable frame dwelling with a rear ell sits on a stone foundation and is sheathed with weatherboards. The house features an interior brick chimney, exterior brick flue, exposed rafter tails, two single-leaf front entry doors, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. An attached partial-width shed-roof porch is carried on square wood posts. E Restroom, 2008 NC-B A modern one-story, side-gable public restroom facility is located along a popular walking path within the historic site. Scaled to fit in with its surroundings, the building features concrete foundation, weatherboard siding, small horizontal window bands, and a projecting front-gable porch supported by square posts on low stone walls. F Pump House, ca. 1920, ca. 1945 C-B One-story, concrete block and frame structure at rear of house garden is sheathed with German siding and features a shed-roof, exposed rafter ends, and a narrow batten door. G Spring House, 1853, ca. 1975 C-B The spring house is a one-story square-plan structure on a stone foundation. Constructed of heavy timber frame, it is covered with board-and-batten siding and has a tall pyramidal roof covered with wood shingles. A single-leaf door is located on the east elevation. H Wood Shed #1, ca. 1924, ca. 1975 C-B One-story, six-bay, side-gable frame structure is enclosed on three sides with board-and-batten 32 Joseph K. Oppermann, “Chicken House/Wash House Historic Structure Report, Carl Sandburg Home NHS, Flat Rock, North Carolina” (Report for Cultural Resources, Southeast Region, National Park Service, Atlanta, GA, Setpember 2007). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 59 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC siding. The open front elevation sits atop a dry-stacked stone retaining wall with pole log posts supporting the wood-shingled roof. I Greenhouse, ca. 1880 C-B Low, one-story gable-roof frame structure sits on a stone foundation. The metal-shingle roof slopes asymmetrically over the weatherboarded exterior walls. A single-leaf wood plank door is located in the southeast gable end. J Farm Manager’s House, 471 Carl Sandburg Lane, ca. 1912 C-B Located to the west of the main house, the one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame dwelling has served throughout the years to house the manager of the property and his family. Resting on a stone foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards and features two interior stone chimneys, exposed rafter tails, and two-over-two double-hung sash. An attached partial-width hip-roof porch is supported on square wood posts and shelters a central single-leaf entrance and flanking windows. A one-story gable-roof rear ell exhibits an attached shed-roof porch on the southwest side. The porch, which is reached by exterior wood steps rising against the rear elevation of the house, shelters two single-leaf entry doors and a sixover-six window. A single-leaf door in the stone foundation of the ell provides access to a basement. K Farm Manager’s Chicken House, ca. 1912, ca. 1980 C-B One-story front-gable frame chicken house stands to the rear of the Farm Manager’s House. It is covered with board-and-batten siding and has a single-leaf door in the south end. The National Park Service substantially rehabilitated the building in the 1980s. L Buck House, 457 Carl Sandburg Lane, ca. 1838, ca. 1945 C-B Built by C. G. Memminger and located northwest of the Farm Manager’s House, this is one of the oldest structures on the property. The saddlebag structure is built of post and beam construction with mortise and tenon joints. The one-story side-gable dwelling is sheathed with weatherboards and displays an interior brick chimney with simple corbelling, two single-leaf entry doors, a shed-roof extension at the rear, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. It sits on a stone foundation. An attached full-width shed-roof porch shelters the façade and is supported by peeled log posts. As one of the earliest buildings on the estate, it is believed that the building served as a temporary residence while the main house was being constructed, or it may have been used for seasonal laborers. The Sandburgs used it as a buck isolation quarters for Mrs. Sandburg’s goats and created several cut-out openings on the rear elevation for access. M Goat Barn, 393 Carl Sandburg Lane, ca.1924, ca. 1945 C-B The main goat barn is a one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame building sheathed with weatherboards NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 60 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC and capped by a metal-clad roof. A side-gable, vented cupola is located at the center of the roofline. The barn rests on a stone foundation and has a large central entrance containing double-leaf solid-wood Dutch doors. A gabled through-the-eave dormer is positioned above the central entrance, with solid wood doors accessing the hay loft. Two single-leaf entry doors flank the main entrance and contain solid wood Dutch doors. Square window openings across the façade are generally open, with one containing a two-light sash. An opening above the windows at the east end of the façade contains double-leaf solid wood doors and opens into the hayloft. An attached one-story shed-roof wing on the west elevation sits on a stone foundation and is screened. A shed-roof extension at the rear of the building carries across the full width and engages a cylindrical stone silo at the east end. N Milk House, 1947 C-B The milk house is a T-plan building with a one-story gable-roof section abutting a two-story section with a gable roof running perpendicular to the one-story section. The building is constructed of ashlarfaced concrete block and exhibits an asphalt-shingle roof, exterior brick flue, exposed rafter tails, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. Single-leaf entry doors are located on the south elevation, which faces the rear of the main barn and has a covered walkway linking the two structures. Double-leaf doors on the east elevation of the two-story block are sheltered by a flat canopy on solid brackets. A wood ladder attached to the exterior wall rises beside the doorway and accesses a single-leaf solid-wood door in the gable end. The milk house was built behind the main goat barn soon after the Sandburgs moved to the property. O Horse Barn, ca.1924, ca. 1945 C-B One-and-a-half-story frame barn is located immediately northeast of the main goat barn. Resting on a stone foundation, it is sheathed with weatherboards and capped by a metal-clad gable roof. The southeast gable end contains a single-leaf solid-wood door on the first story. A single-leaf five-panel door in the gable opens into the loft and is reached by a wooden ladder built against the exterior wall of the barn. A central single-leaf door on the long, exposed northeast elevation is accessed by a low, grass-covered ramp with stone cheek walls. Windows on the northeast and northwest elevations are two-light sash. P Buck Kid Quarters, ca.1924, ca. 1945 C-B The one-and-a-half-story front-gable frame barn was used to house buck kids until they were shipped to new homes. Sheathed in weatherboards, the building exhibits a metal-clad roof, exposed rafter tails, and two single-leaf entrances on the front elevation. A single-leaf door centered on the gable end is reached by a wooden ladder that rises against the front elevation. The south elevation is covered with board-and-batten siding. Q Corn Crib, ca. 1924 C-S Small, gable-roof frame structure has open lath and screen siding, an asbestos shingle roof, and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 61 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC single-leaf openings in the gable ends. The wood deck floor is elevated above the ground on four pole log posts at the corners. R Barn Garage, 409 Carl Sandburg Lane, 1925 C-B One-story, four-bay, frame garage with a stone foundation housed vehicles used at the barn. It features German siding, carriage doors, an overhanging front eave, round louver vents in the gable ends, and nine-over-nine double-hung sash. The interior walls and ceiling are covered with beaded boards. S Isolation Quarters, ca. 1924, ca. 1945 C-B Small, one-story front-gable frame barn with a loft rests on a stone foundation and stands directly east of the garage. Single-leaf openings are located in the gable end and east side of the weatherboarded structure. This barn was used to quarantine sick goats. T Wood Shed #2, ca. 1945, 1980s C-B The one-story shed-roof structure is supported on log posts and enclosed on three sides with vertical wood plank siding. The National Park Service substantially rehabilitated the building in the 1980s. U Feed House/Cow Shed, 1945 C-B Small, one-story side-gable frame structure with a concrete foundation, weatherboard siding, exposed rafter ends, and a single-leaf wood plank door. A shed-roof extension at the rear is covered with vertical plank siding. Identified as the cow shed, the building appears to have been built originally as a feed house and is currently used as a chicken coop. V Wood Shaving Shed, ca. 1960 C-B One-story, five-bay, shed-roof structure is sheathed with vertical wood plank siding. The two bays to the north are open on the front and are used to store farm equipment. The three bays to the south are enclosed with large sliding wood doors. The building has a metal roof and exposed rafters. W Isolation Hut #1 (Jennifer’s House), ca. 1945 C-B Located across the farm road from the barn complex, the one-story front-gable goat shed is constructed of frame and covered with weatherboards. It has an opening on the northeast elevation, an asphalt-shingle roof, and exposed rafters. X Isolation Hut #2, ca. 1945 C-B Located across the farm road from the barn complex, the one-story single-pen goat shed is constructed of frame and covered with split logs. It has an opening on the northwest elevation, shed roof, and exposed rafters. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 62 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Y Fountain, 1853, ca. 1945 C-O The concrete base of a fountain built by C. G. Memminger in 1853 is located directly in front of the main house. The pool, which is approximately fifteen feet in diameter and two feet deep, has a granite coping. Soon after purchasing the estate, the Sandburgs removed a cast-iron fountain piece so their children could use it as a wading pool. Z Goat/Donkey House, ca. 1945 C-B Small, one-story shed-roof frame structure stands against the woods at the edge of the pasture lying in front of the main house. Covered with weatherboards, the simple structure has an opening on the southeast elevation, an interior partition, and horizontal window openings. AA Amphitheater, ca. 2006 NC-S Located to the southeast of the main house, a modern amphitheater was constructed for educational programs. The stage structure consists of a wooden platform on a concrete base, a proscenium covered with paneled wood sheathing, and a shed-roof upstage area. Three sections of seating contain wooden benches supported on concrete block piers. BB Gazebo, ca. 1924 C-S Resting on a stone pier foundation, the gazebo is an octagonal frame structure standing to the northeast of the main house. The wood-shingle roof is carried on wood posts with lattice panels on seven of the eight sides and a wooden bench built around the interior. CC Gateposts, ca. 1853 C-O Two stone gateposts mark the entrance of the meandering, tree-lined drive to the house on the south side of Little River Road. Each square pillar has a cast-stone pyramidal cap and curving stone wing walls extending to either side of the entrance. The posts support a five-bar wood-rail gate. DD Dam, ca. 1855, ca. 1924, 1981 C-O Around 1855, C. G. Memminger built a stone dam across Meminger Creek, which formed Front Lake. Stone abutments and piers were added at the ends and on top of the dam in the late twentieth century to support a wooden pedestrian bridge. The bridge has cross-braced and screened wood railings. EE Information Station, ca. 1978 NC-B Modernist one-story concrete building with a sharply angled form contains public restrooms on the interior and information and map displays of the historic site in a two-sided recessed exterior space. FF Office Building, 69 Carl Sandburg Lane, 1994 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 63 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story front-gable building contains offices in the front and a large storage warehouse at the rear. Covered with wood siding, the building has central double-leaf doors on the façade, flanking oneover-one window pairs, paneled wood sheathing in the gable end, and an attached front-gable entry porch. GG Park Headquarters, 81 Carl Sandburg Lane, 1995 NC-B The one-story front-gable frame building houses the park headquarters. It is covered with paneled wood siding and features a projecting front-gable wing, inset porch, two gable-roof side wings on the north elevation, and an attached wood deck at the rear. HH Maintenance Building, 85 Carl Sandburg Lane, 1986 NC-B One-story side-gable building is divided into three sections, which are separated by tall, concrete block firewalls. Constructed of textured concrete block, the building has garage bays on the south and east elevations, ribbon windows, and two single-leaf entry doors. II Vehicle Shed, ca. 1986 NC-B Located east of and facing the Maintenance Building at 85 Carl Sandburg Lane, the vehicle shed is a long, one-story side-gable frame building with metal pipe columns on concrete posts supporting the front of the roof, solid rear wall, and open and enclosed vehicle bays. CHANTICLEER LANE See Chanteloup Country Estates subdivision (Boundary Decrease) CHESTNUT WAY See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) CITADEL LANE See Trenholm Woods subdivision CLAREMONT DRIVE See Claremont subdivision (Boundary Decrease) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 64 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC CLAYMOOR COURT See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) CLUBHOUSE DRIVE Located within the Kenmure subdivision Kenmure, ca. 1856, 1920s, 1987, 1995, ca. 2000 C-B (3) 100 Clubhouse Drive Situated on an elevated site with commanding views to the northeast, the core of the house, originally known as Glen Roy, is a two-story double-pile Greek Revival frame structure with a hip roof capped by a large pyramidal-roof cupola. The house sits on a raised foundation of ashlar blocks and is covered with weatherboards. The three-bay façade is distinguished by a recessed central entrance bay, which is composed of a single-leaf entry flanked by curving walls of flush vertical sheathing. The multi-light entry door is framed by sidelights, a transom, and a heavily-molded entablature. The flanking window bays on the façade contain glazed jib doors and tall transoms. Two exterior stone chimneys are located on the northwest side elevation, with one chimney present on the southeast side. The second-story windows are six-over-six double-hung sash with molded hoods. The frieze board is enlivened by sawn wood vents. On the interior, the central entrance hall is dominated by a dramatic curving staircase with delicate turned balusters and decorative sawn moldings. The interior paneling and trim is oak, mahogany, and walnut. Originally called Glen Roy, the house was built around 1856, by Dr. Mitchell Campbell King (18151901), son of Judge Mitchell King of Argyle (3110 Greenville Highway). Dr. King purchased 293 acres from his father in 1856 (Deed 6/89) and hired Mr. Freeman, a shipbuilder from Charleston, to design the house. Dr. King, who served the Flat Rock community for sixty years, conducted his medical practice from Glen Roy. Following Dr. King’s death the house was transferred to his sister, Susan Campbell King, according to the terms of an 1882 agreement (Deeds 15/43 and 45/480). Miss King almost immediately sold the house to Dr. King’s daughter, Henrietta C. Bryan (Deed 47/102). In 1920, Gordon McCabe II, of Charleston, purchased the estate from Henrietta Bryan and changed the name to Kenmure, the Scottish home of the Gordon clan. McCabe acquired the house and original 293 acres along with additional lands totaling 1,007 acres. The first alterations to the house were completed by the McCabes in the 1920s, which included the addition of Adam-style mantels through the house and the attached one-story wraparound porch. The porch is carried on fluted columns and has a dentil cornice. The McCabes built a porte cochere on the southeast elevation, which sheltered a loop driveway lying on the southeast side of the house. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 65 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Additional alterations were made beginning in the mid-1980s after the house had been converted to use as a clubhouse. In 1987, the basement was converted into usable space, with double-leaf glazed doors installed in the porch foundation on the northwest side. A two-story front-gable frame addition was erected at the northwest corner of the house and connected the main house with a formerly detached kitchen and slave house [Contributing building]. The detached structure was a two-story side-gable building constructed of irregularly-coursed stone. The four-bay façade had two central single-leaf entrances with transoms and six-over-six double-hung windows. The porte cochere was removed from the southeast elevation of the house and a new, larger porte cochere was erected on the northeast elevation. The Charleston Room, built in 1995, is a substantial one-story wing built on the southeast side of the house. The modern wing displays similar finishes as the main house and has a concrete handicap-accessible ramp rising across its front elevation. The grill room is a split-level frame addition that was built onto the ca. 1987 two-story addition at the southwest corner. The grill room rests on a stone foundation and is covered with weatherboards. It has a front-gable roof, multi-light casements and transoms, and an attached shed-roof canopy on the northwest side. The canopy shelters a service window and a recessed entrance accessible from a concrete patio. Dr. King’s medical office and apothecary shop (ca. 1856) [Contributing building] is located directly behind the main house. Built into the hillside, the front-gable stone building has a metal roof, gabled side dormers, exposed rafter tails, and an engaged second-story porch. The office was originally separated from the main house by a road’s width, but extensions of the clubhouse to the rear have incorporated it into the rambling clubhouse structure. The lake on the grounds of Kenmure was added in the early 1920s, and during the summers it was made available for use by children for a small admission price. The original district boundary excluded, or partially excluded, the lake from the historic district. A separate entry for McCabe’s Lake and Spillway is included in the inventory for the Boundary Increase. The McCabes built a sophisticated complex of barns and updated the pasture to twentieth-century progressive agricultural standards as part of an extensive cattle operation. The land was graded for most effective drainage control and growth; new ditches and man-made tributaries carried rainwater to King Creek, and trees were sited and planted in groups for both cattle management and aesthetics. W. Gordon McCabe, Jr., director of J. P. Stevens Textile Co., later inherited the property from his father’s second wife, Aline S. McCabe, and purchased his brother’s one-half interest in the estate. The younger McCabe continued the careful maintenance of the land, cattle operation, gardens, and use of the property as a summer residence. The McCabes sold the Kenmure estate in 1978 to Vincent and Giuli Romeo, who subdivided the land for a residential neighborhood. A golf course, designed by Joseph E. Lee, was added, and the house was converted into a private clubhouse. By the early 1980s, the club and development were struggling, so William Robinsom acquired the property in 1985, and formed Kenmure Properties Ltd., to manage the development. Beginning in the mid-1980s, several additions were made to the southeast and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 66 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC northeast elevations of the house, enlarging it for its current functions. The country club is now owned by Kenmure Enterprises Inc. COBBLESTONE LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) CONDE PLACE See Beaumont Estates subdivision CONNEMARA OVERLOOK See Trenholm Woods subdivision COVENANT LANE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds. House, ca. 1940, ca. 2000 NC-B 36 Covenant Lane The original one-story rustic frame dwelling with a stone foundation and board-and-batten siding was substantially enlarged around 2000, with a multi-story frame addition on the east side. The early house features an engaged carport, exposed rafter tails, interior stone chimney, and a front-gable partial-width porch with square wood posts carried on a solid stone balustrade. The addition consists of a one-story frontgable wing attached to the east elevation of the original house with a two-story L-shaped wing extending from the rear (north) elevation of the wing and wrapping around to frame an attached wood deck on stone piers. The additions are similarly finished with stone foundations and board-and-batten siding. The one-story wing contains bands of large plate-glass windows and windows in the upper gable end. COVERED BRIDGE DRIVE See Highland Lake Village subdivision NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 67 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC CUB RUN See Flat Rock Lakes subdivision CYPRESS GROVE LANE Penelope Parker House (Oak Knoll), ca. 1886, 1980s, ca. 2000 C-B 258 Cypress Grove Lane Known as Oak Knoll, the two-story Victorian-era house was built around 1886 as a summer house for Penelope Pyatt Parker of Georgetown, South Carolina, grandmother of the current owner. 33 The front-gable residence, which is covered with weatherboards, sits atop a small knoll and has an interior brick chimney and deep eaves with decorative sawn sawtooth bargeboards and rafter tails. The two-bay façade consists of two entrances composed of tall, narrow French doors with transoms, two-over-two double-hung sash windows on the second story, and a rectangular louvered vent in the upper gable end. The window openings have operable louvered shutters. Sidelights were added to the front entrance around 2000. An attached one-story hip-roof porch extends the full width of the façade and wraps around both side elevations. The Stick Style porch has decorative scroll-sawn posts and brackets, drop pendules, and balustrade. The porch is approached from a split, double-run of steps to a central landing. The southwest side of the porch was partially enclosed for use as an interior hallway connecting to a one-story gable-roof addition built in the 1980s on the west side of the house. At the rear, a two-story kitchen building was originally attached at the second story with an open breezeway on the first story between the house and kitchen wing, but during the 1980s remodeling, the breezeway was enclosed and the rear wing was adapted into a modern kitchen. A new rear entrance was added on the northeast elevation during the remodeling. An attached one-story hip-roof porch with features similar to the front porch shelters this secondary single-leaf entrance. The rear ell exhibits two-over-two windows, paneled wood shutters, and an exterior brick chimney flue. An attached shed-roof porch, added around 2000, extends from the west side of the rear ell along the rear elevation of the house and side wing addition. Oak Knoll is approached along Cypress Grove Lane, which serves as the main drive to the house. It is located on the east side of Greenville Highway just south of the entrance to Tuctaway (2638 Greenville Highway), and the unpaved, tree-lined lane is marked by square stone pillars at the entrance. Cypress Grove Lane runs straight for 0.2-mile to the four-acre parcel containing Oak Knoll and its associated outbuildings, where the unpaved driveway turns to the north and curves around the perimeter of the property before approaching the house from the southeast and terminating with a loop in front of the house. The driveway is 33 Interview with Penelope Parker Peterson. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 68 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC bordered by ivy-covered beds defined by low stone walls. Wide pathways around the house also feature ivycovered beds, low stone walls, and stone steps. An earlier clay tennis court was replaced in the 1980s by a hard-surface court in the same location at the south end of the property. The court is surrounded by a tall chain-link fence. Penelope Parker came from a prominent South Carolina planter family, and her husband, James Rose Parker, also a planter, died shortly before the house was constructed. Oak Knoll was built around the same time as the house of a neighboring cousin, Susan Allston, whose home at 245 Assembly Drive stands approximately 300 feet to the east within the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds. A Kitchen/Servants’ Quarters, 254 Cypress Grove Lane, ca. 1886, 1980s C-B Originally built as a kitchen structure and converted to servants’ quarters in the early twentieth century, the building is a small, front-gable frame dwelling with a one-bay rear ell and shed-roof extension to the west side, which was added in the 1980s. Resting on a stone pier foundation, the guest house is covered with aluminum siding and capped by a metal roof. Windows are replacement one-overone sash. A single-leaf entry door is located at the far west end of the shed extension and is sheltered by a bracketed shed-roof canopy with sawtooth rafter tails. B Garage, ca. 1930, ca. 1975 C-B The garage is a one-story, one-bay frame structure with an open shed extension to the west and an enclosed shed extension to the east. The garage has a tall front-gable roof, exposed rafter tails, vertical wood siding, and a paneled wooden overhead door. The enclosed shed displays a single-leaf wood door on the façade and German siding. A six-light window is located on the rear elevation. The open shed serves as a two-car carport with a concrete slab floor. The roof structure is carried by square wood posts on a concrete block knee wall with wood lattice siding. The metal roof is painted bright red. C Outhouse, ca. 1930 C-B Located among dense vegetation to the north of the house, the structure has a metal-clad shed roof, weatherboards, and a single-leaf solid wood door. D Gateposts, ca. 1886 C-O Square stone pillars mark the entrance from Greenville Highway to the unpaved, tree-lined drive that leads to the house. DAWNBROOK DRIVE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 69 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC DIRK LANE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds 11, 13, 15, 17 Dirk Lane NC-B (4) These four houses back up to West Blue Ridge Road. The houses at 13 and 17 were built in 1985 and 1974, respectively, while the other two houses were built in the 2000s. The house at 17 Dirk Lane is a onestory masonry and frame split-level residence, and the house at 13 Dirk Lane is a one-and-a-half-story contemporary log house with a front-gambrel roof. DORNE DRIVE Located within the Pleasant Hill subdivision, which was platted from a portion of the Pleasant Hill estate (1168 Pleasant Hill Drive) in 1955. House, 1983 NC-B 109 Dorne Drive One-story, side-gable, brick-veneer Ranch house has an engaged porch on Tuscan columns, set back side wings, and eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows. One of the side wings contains two garage bays with glazed-and-paneled overhead doors. House, 1953 C-B 110 Dorne Drive The one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame residence has been enlarged with an enclosed breezeway connecting to a front-gable two-bay garage. Covered with weatherboards, the house has original six-over-six double-hung sash and replacement nine-over-nine windows. The garage displays decorative purlin brackets in the gable end and is entered through glazed-and-paneled overhead doors with a single-leaf six-panel entry door positioned to the side. A Garage, ca. 2008 NC-B A separate one-story, two-car garage stands to the east of the garage wing connected to the main NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 70 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC house. Capped by a front-gable roof, the structure has an open garage bay that is enclosed on three sides with board-and-batten siding. House, 1965 NC-B 117 Dorne Drive Built on a raised basement of concrete blocks, this one-story frame house is capped by a hip roof with decorative brackets supporting the deep eaves. An attached front-gable porch is supported on square wood posts. The house is covered with plywood sheathing and has replacement one-over-one sash windows; an original six-over-six window is located on the basement level. A single-bay garage is located in the basement and entered through a replacement metal overhead door. House, 1984 NC-B 120 Dorne Drive The two-story, hip-roof, Neo-Colonial brick house presents a five-bay façade with an attached hip-roof porch. The porch is carried on square wood posts supported by a solid brick balustrade. The porch shelters a single-leaf entrance framed with sidelights. The house displays an exterior brick end chimney, soldier-course window lintels, six-over-nine and six-over-six windows, and a dentil cornice. A one-story hip-roof garage wing contains two bays that are entered through glazed-and-paneled overhead doors. DRAYTON CIRCLE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds 52, 60, 65, 75, 80, 100, 140 Drayton Circle NC-B (7) Seven one-story Ranch houses built in the 1970s and 1980s, with the exception of 52 Drayton Circle, which was constructed in 2010. DUNROY DRIVE See Dunroy on Rutledge and Forest Manor at Dunroy subdivisions NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 71 Dunroy, 1862, 1930s, ca. 1970, ca. 2000 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 249 Dunroy Drive Sited at the south end of an open grass lawn, Dunroy is a one-and-a-half-story L-plan frame house resting on a raised granite foundation. Originally built in 1862, the Greek Revival and Italianate style house was dramatically remodeled in the 1930s into a Gothic-influenced residence. The house is covered with weatherboards and has two interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps. A front-gable bay at the east end of the façade contains a hip-roof bay window and frames the attached hip-roof porch carrying across the façade. The porch is supported by cross-shaped wood columns with elliptical-arch spandrels filled with wood lattice. The porch shelters the double-leaf entry doors, which are framed by diamond-pane sidelights; a large picture window, and a replacement nine-over-nine double-hung window. Windows throughout the house were replaced in the 1990s with vinyl-clad sash. Two decorative front gables are positioned above the porch and display sawn bargeboards. The bargeboard pattern in the two decorative gables is different than in the gable ends. A two-story bay and one-story attached porch on the east elevation were remade into a larger two-story gable-roof wing with a tall one-story screened porch around 1970. The screened porch, which is located at the southeast corner, is topped by a balcony accessed from the second story. A one-and-a-half-story gableroof ell extends to the rear from the west end of the house. A one-story L-shaped porch fills the interior angle formed by the ell and rear elevation. 34 The remains of a small quarry are located on the west side of Dunroy Drive, south of the house, which supplied the granite mined for construction of Dunroy and its foundation. The site is largely overgrown, but areas of exposed granite faces where stone was cut and removed from the hillside remain visible. Dunroy was built as a summer house in 1862 by David R. Williams II (1822-1907), a cotton planter from Society Hill, South Carolina. Williams purchased 97½ acres from Charles Baring on the waters of Little Mud Creek in 1860 and engaged local hotelier Henry Farmer to build the house. Williams married Catherine “Kate” Boykin Miller in 1846, and operated a large cotton plantation in Alachua County, Florida, near Gainesville. By 1859, the Williams family was spending their summers at Farmer’s Hotel in Flat Rock to escape the Florida heat. The house was completed in 1862, but Williams was required to serve in the Confederate Army in Florida. Kate and her children spent the war years at Dunroy, although they vacated the property for a period of time when bushwhackers were a significant problem. After the war, the Williamses spent their summers here for several years before selling the property in 1868 to Duncan C. and Mary Wright Waddell, who in turn sold it to Mrs. James Rose Rutledge of Charleston in 1875. Her daughter, Anne Louise 34 The description and background information contained in this entry were adapted from Ronald L. Davis’s “Dunroy Local Landmark Designation Report” (October 16, 2013) prepared for the Flat Rock Historic Landmarks Commission and available on their website (http://flatrocknc.govoffice3.com/vertical/sites/%7B9D37D958-4706-4059-B825E099E8D3624C%7D/uploads/Local_Landmark_Designation_Report_-_Dunroy_Rev_10-16-13_%282%29.pdf; retrieved January 11, 2014). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 72 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Heyward, inherited the property in 1911. William D. McAdoo, a land speculator from Florida who owned several Flat Rock estates, bought the house in 1923, but he was forced to sell in 1930 as a result of the Depression. Harriett Laurens King bought the Dunroy property in 1930, in anticipation of her husband’s impending retirement from United States military. Her husband was Major General Campbell King, grandson of Judge Mitchell King of Argyle (3110 Greenville Highway). Major General King had a distinguished thirty-six year career in the army. The King family managed the property carefully and owned the house, which they named “Dunroy,” for approximately sixty-five years. With his longtime caretaker, Spurgeon Pace, King raised fowl, including mallards, bantams, turkeys and others, and built fowl houses for each. 35 After Maj. Gen. King’s death in 1953, his son Dr. Duncan Ingraham Campbell King (known as “Dick”), who had had title to the house since 1935, resided in the house. The King family sold Dunroy in the late 1990s for a large residential development named “Dunroy on Rutledge.” The house was retained with a small tract of land and several outbuildings, but was separated from its large complement of agricultural outbuildings. Portions of the front avenue and lawn have been retained with the house. David R. Crawford, who purchased the house in 1998 from Dick King’s heirs, commenced a significant rehabilitation project in 2000. The current owners, Michael and Elaine Thompson, acquired the house in 2004, and have continued its maintenance and rehabilitation. A Spring House, ca. 1862 C-B A one-story, front-gable spring house with cut granite walls. It has weatherboards in the gable ends and exposed rafter tails. A single-leaf door provides access to the interior. Small windows on the side elevation have diamond-shaped panes. A pipe fed water from the spring into a stone trough along a side wall and then exited through the other end. B Well House, ca. 1862, ca. 1930 C-S A stone well is covered with new wood decking and an open pyramidal-roof shelter. Square wood posts support the roof structure, which is covered with asphalt shingles. The corner posts are molded at the top and have plain knee braces. The well pump remains exposed above the wood decking. C Ice and Meat House, ca. 1862 C-B Resting on a stone foundation, the ice and meat house is a one-story front-gable frame building painted bright red. Single-leaf solid wood doors, one of which is believed to predate the structure, provide access to the interior. A louvered vent is located in the upper gable end. The roof flares slightly at the eaves. The ice pit is approximately fifteen feet deep with cut granite walls. D Lower Garage, ca. 1920 C-B Tall, one-story, front-gable frame garage with German siding, exposed rafter tails, and a stone 35 Interview with Mabel Pace Justus, who grew up at Dunroy and was the daughter of Spurgeon Pace. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 73 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC foundation. The two garage bays are accessed through double-leaf wood doors with eight lights above large tongue-and-groove panels. E Upper Garage, ca. 1950 C-B One-story, hip-roof frame garage located to the rear of the house. The building has a concrete block foundation, weatherboard siding, and a replacement single-leaf entry door on the side elevation. The two bays are accessed through glazed-and-paneled wooden overhead doors. F Guest House, ca. 1900 C-B The guest house is a one-story frame cottage with a cross-gable roof located directly behind the house. The building has weatherboard siding, decorative bargeboards in the gable end, and a small, inset, screened porch with bracketed posts. G Swimming Pool, ca. 1970 NC-S In-ground, concrete swimming pool was built southeast of the house. It is surrounded by a concrete deck and shielded by a wooden privacy fence. H Pump House, ca. 1970 NC-S The pump house is a small, side-gable frame structure on a concrete block foundation. The weatherboarded building is accessed through double-leaf plywood doors. 345, 439, 642, 742, 767, 788 and 832 Dunroy Drive See Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision, 825, 851, 860, 871, 876, 886, 889, 894, 904, 917, 925, 943, 957 and 973 Dunroy Drive See Forest Manor at Dunroy subdivision. EMBROOK LAKE DRIVE Embrook, 1910, 1989 C-B 93 Embrook Lake Drive Designed by Richard Sharp Smith in 1910, the two-story frame house has a strong horizontal emphasis created by the low hip roof with deep projecting eaves and the attached one-story hip-roof porch, which extends the full width of the façade and wraps around the north elevation. The porch is supported by paneled NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 74 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC square posts with heavy sawn brackets. The north section of the porch has been screened. The neatly detailed residence features two interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, molded rafter tails, and wood shingle siding. The façade sheltered by the porch exhibits paneled pilasters and central entry door flanked by sidelights. The door and sidelights are each composed with a large single light above a small panel. The windows are original one-over-one sash with a small upper sash and large lower sash. The rear roof slope extends down to engage a one-story hip-roof rear ell. In 1989, architect Brock Arms designed renovations and alterations to the house, including a large hip-roof rear wing that almost doubles the size of the original house. The rear wing is covered with weatherboards and has a small porch on the south elevation. The property, which covers approximately sixty acres, retains much of its rural, agricultural character with open fields and pastures, lakes, cottages, and farm-related outbuildings. The remains of a red clay tennis court are visible at the edge of the front lawn near the entrance. Low stone retaining walls mark the entrance to the property and an unpaved driveway (Emrbook Lake Road) loops through the property. A circular driveway is located directly in front of the main house. In addition to the large lake on the north side of the property, a group of three small lakes are located in the southwestern part of the estate. The lakes, covering approximately two acres, were once a single lake that was created around 1940. Two bridges over the shallow front lakes are late twentieth century additions. McMillan C. King (grandson of Judge Mitchell King of Argyle), who owned land on both sides of Greenville Highway, began development of Embrook in 1903. This property and Boxwood (14 E. Boxwood Loop) were, at one time, part of one parcel. The house was designed by the Asheville architectural firm of Smith and Carrier in 1910. Richard Sharp Smith, supervising architect at Biltmore, established a prolific regional practice in the early twentieth century. King sold the property for $35,000 in 1924, to Charles H. Lyne of Miami (Deed 127/250). The English-born Lyne owned a foundry and patented a grinding machine in 1928. Lyne, along with his wife Evia, likely gave the estate the name Embrook, which is said to be a derivative of "Emma's Brooks" for the Lyne’s daughter Emma Alice. 36 In 1940, the Lynes sold 36.5 acres to Emmie McCrary Henry (1890-1960) of Greenville, South Carolina. The deed stipulated that the sale included “all the furnishings, farm equipment, and tooks and livestock now on the premises (the livestock consisting of one horse and one cow)” (Deed 231/186). Emmie Henry was the mother of Carter Henry, who, along with his wife, Kathryn, were longtime owners of Embrook. The Henrys used Embrook as a summer house and raised cattle and dogs here, as well as horses, chickens and other animals. Jerue and Christine Babb of Georgia owned the property until the mid-1980s, when it passed from Mrs. Babb’s family, the Cogburns, in a court settlement. The Babbs worked on the main house and added acreage to the south side of the property. 37 36 In addition to his daughter, Charles Lyne’s mother was also named Emma. Genealogical information searched through Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com; accessed September 2014). Henderson County Register of Deeds. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 75 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC In 1986, the Cogburns sold the property to Jane Singleton, who removed rhododendron and mountain laurel plantings to make the house visible from the road, renovated and added to the house, and converted several of the outbuildings to rental residences. A Lake, ca.1950s C-Site An approximately five-acre lake is located to the north of the house and on the north side of the loop drive (Embrook Lake Drive) that meanders through the estate. The lake, which was created in the 1950s, is formed by an earthen dam at the north end. B Barn, ca. 1940 C-B One-story side-gable frame barn has a metal roof and German siding. Three single-leaf barn doors are located on both the east and west elevations. An attached shed-roof extension projects to the north. C Crib, ca. 1940 C-B One-story front-gable frame crib is covered with horizontal wood slats. The vented structure sits on a brick pier foundation and is capped by a metal roof. D Poultry house, ca. 1990 NC-B One-story frame poultry house has a shed roof, weatherboards, and two screened pens extending to the north and south from the central coop. E Cottage, 133 Embrook Lake Drive, ca. 1910 C-B Located to the rear (east) of the main house, the cottage is a one-story hip-roof frame structure with an interior stone chimney, wood shingle siding, six-panel entry door, and four-over-four double-hung sash windows. F Bridges, ca. 1990 NC-S (2) Two wooden bridges—approximately twenty and thirty feet in length—link the shore and center island of the small lakes to the southeast of the house. The structures have an arched deck with solid wood spandrels and cross-braced wood railings. House, ca. 1910, ca. 1940 C-B 234 Embrook Lake Drive One-story side-gable frame house is located in the eastern part of the property near King Creek. Resting on a stone foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards and features two interior brick chimneys, metal roof, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. An attached shed-roof porch is carried on square NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 76 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC wood posts with a simple wood balustrade. A gable-roof rear ell is covered with German siding and has an engaged porch at the rear (south). A Garage, ca.1955 C-B A one-story front-gable frame garage stands to the southeast of the house. The structure has wood siding and two garage bays. B Pole shed, 1984 NC-S An open, one-story gable-roof structure is located north of the house beyond a stand of pines. The agricultural outbuilding is pole construction and built in two, stepped sections to conform to the slope of the ground with the roof heights at different levels. House, 1910 C-B 246 Embrook Lake Drive One-story cross-gable frame house rests on a brick foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The structure features front and rear gable wings, an engaged shed-roof porch, exposed rafter tails, and two-overtwo double-hung sash windows. The porch is supported on square wood posts with a cross-braced balustrade; the portion of the façade sheltered by the porch is covered with asbestos shingles. An attached shed-roof porch overlooking the lake to the north is a later addition. A Garage, ca.1950 C-B One-story one-bay frame garage is capped by a pyramidal roof with pressed tin shingles. The building has German siding, exposed rafter tails, and double-leaf wooden garage doors. B Shed, ca. 1955 C-B One-story side-gable frame building with German siding exhibits an asphalt-shingle roof, exposed rafter tails, and a single-leaf solid wood door. House, ca. 1930, ca. 1989 NC-B 275 Embrook Lake Drive This one-and-a-half-story frame structure appears to be an outbuilding that was converted into a residence in the late twentieth century. The house has an asymmetrical gable roof, weatherboards, decorative purlin brackets, and one-over-one windows. An attached one-story shed-roof entry porch on the north elevation is supported on slender square posts and shelters a single-leaf entry. An attached one-story shed- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 77 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC roof porch extends the full width of the east elevation and is supported by square wood posts and concrete piers. The wall above the porch roof forms a dormer containing five pairs of windows. A one-story shed-roof carport is attached on the west elevation and is supported on bracketed wood posts. House, 1940 C-B 277 Embrook Lake Drive One-story side-gable frame house with German siding sits on a brick foundation and has exposed rafter tails, an attached shed-roof carport on the north elevation, and multiple paneled entry doors on the facade. An engaged shed-roof porch extends nearly the full width of the facade. House, 2000 NC-B 380 Embrook Lake Drive One-story side-gable frame modern Ranch house rests on a stuccoed and stone veneer foundation. Clad with vinyl siding, the house features an attached shed-roof porch, set back side wings, and ten-light casement windows on the facade. An attached deck at the rear overlooks the lake to the east. ESTATE DRIVE See Chanteloup Country Estates subdivision (Boundary Decrease) Chanteloup, ca. 1841, ca. 1899, 2000s C-B 1001 Estate Drive The large two-story hip-roof house is constructed of irregularly-coursed granite and consists of a threebay original block that was enlarged around 1899, with two-story hip-roof side wings and one-story flat-roof porches that doubled the size of the original house. The façade is composed with a one-story classical entry porch, which was added around 1899, flanked by large eighteen-over-two windows. The porch, which consists of an entablature and dentil cornice carried on fluted Doric columns, shelters a double-leaf entry with wide sidelights and panels surmounted by a broad elliptical fanlight. The sidelights and fanlight have tracery-pattern muntins. A polygonal hip-roof bay on the second story contains a central twelve-over-two window flanked by six-over-one sash. The house has four interior stone chimneys, and the coved eaves are stuccoed. The stone came from a small quarry located on the property. The two porches on the side wings, like the entry porch, have fluted columns and entablatures with dentil cornices. Balustrades feature turned NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 78 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC balusters. A flat-roof porte cochere and porch were added at the rear of the house around 1899, with similar finishes. The imposing house is sited on a hill with terraced gardens descending to Mud Creek to the west. The formal gardens lying to the west of the house include stone retaining walls and steps, brick pathways, fountains, boxwood plantings, a rose garden, and a stone-lined circular pool. Remnants of a tennis court remain in the wooded area southwest of the house. The nearly twenty-acre property contains a network of unpaved roads and paths with numerous stone retaining walls. Originally called “The Castle,” Chanteloup was built in 1841 by the Count Joseph Marie Gabriel St. Xavier de Choiseul (1797-1872), who served as the French consul in Charleston. Count de Choiseul married Sarah Lindsey (1799-1859) in 1825 and they had five children born in Paris, although only three appear to have survived to adulthood. Their son, Charles de Choiseul, became a naturalized United States citizen in 1840. In 1841 he became Henderson County’s first elected surveyor and made a survey of the new town of Hendersonville in 1842. Charles de Choiseul later moved to New Orleans to practice law and then served in the Confederate Army. He was killed in 1862, at the second Battle of Bull Run in Manassas, Virginia. After the death of his wife Sarah in 1859, Count de Choiseul sold the property to Robert D. Urquhart of New Orleans. The count’s wife and son are buried at The Church of St. John in the Wilderness. The count returned to France where he died in 1872. 38 The Urquharts kept the house until after the Civil War, though it was unoccupied for many years. In 1875, Robert Urquhart made a quitclaim deed to the heirs of the Count de Choiseul. The financial devastation of the war left Urquhart unable to pay notes due for the property. Visitors to the house describe it as being dilapidated and decayed in 1878. 39 The property was partitioned among heirs and others, and owned for a short time by the Finnings and by Col. Joseph Walker. The sale of the property, in 1897, to the Misses Norton of Louisville, Kentucky, was to be of great significance to Chanteloup. Lucie Underwood Norton and her sister, Martha A. Norton, called Mattie, were among the wealthy granddaughters of William Norton (1781-1858), a successful regional manufacturer of land tools, and the daughters of George W. Norton (1814-1889), who made his fortune as a storekeeper and banker in Louisville and Russellville, Kentucky. Their brother, George Norton, was a well-known industrialist and financier. The wealthy sisters added land to their new summer place and hired the Olmsted firm to develop a plan for the grounds and Richard Sharp Smith for the house. An extensive collection of 38 The Urquharts’ son, David, in 1862, conveyed a ten-acre tract of land to de Choiseul's three daughters, reportedly known as "The Ladies," where they lived and conducted a school for girls. According to local tradition, the ladies moved their school to Elliott Place after bushwhackers invaded their house. They later moved to Greenville, South Carolina and continued the school at Christ Church there. Patton, 25. 39 Patton, 26. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 79 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC letters between the sisters and the firm is in the Olmsted archives. 40 Olmsted had worked with the Nortons at Gardencourt, their house in Louisville, designed by Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge, at the recommendation of the Olmsted firm. The architect, Richard Sharp Smith, then living in Asheville and completing construction of Biltmore as supervising architect for Richard Morris Hunt, was hired to enlarge and remodel the Flat Rock house in accordance with the Olmsted plan. Later work on the woodlands was supervised by Paul H. Gearhart, a forester who also worked on Biltmore's woodlands. The sisters named their property Woodnorton, or Nortonwood, and postcards were printed that read, "Pinnacle Mountain from Nortonwood— Greetings from Flat Rock, N.C." A sales brochure, printed in 1917, when the Nortons were selling the house describes the property: they offered 627 acres, explaining that “from time to time” they had bought additional land to protect the views from the house. They noted the miles of trails cut through the extensive woodlands for horseback riding or carriage rides; the whole estate was fenced. They hoped to sell the estate as a whole but noted that it could be divided into "...a dozen or more attractive country estates." The house had low-pressure steam heating, modern plumbing, and running water throughout with the source being a mountain spring high on the property that eliminated the need for a pump. The house was lighted by electric service from Hendersonville and had telephone service. They also offered to sell some of their furnishings. At that time the main entrance was from the front road by Mud Creek, where wooden gates hung on stone pillars. A similar entrance was on Little River Road. Before selling the land, the Nortons gave a piece of the property on Little River Road to the Morton family, also from Louisville, where they built Laurelhurst (see 413 Laurelhurst Drive). The Parsons family bought the property and the Nortons' Victorian furnishings in 1917, and then sold the house to W. D. McAdoo in 1924. McAdoo appears to have lost the property during the Depression, and it was purchased by George W. and Ruth Hundley of Durham, North Carolina, in 1933. George Hundley worked for Golden Belt Manufacturing Company, makers of tobacco containers and advertising supplies. The Hundleys kept Chanteloup in good shape, with gardens extending from Erkwood Drive and open fields sweeping down to Mud Creek, later planted with trees and more recently cleared and returned to formal terracing. At his death in 1939, George Hundley left a trust for his heirs. Although McAdoo is sometimes credited with giving the name Chanteloup, meaning “song of the wolf” in French, to the place, the name of the estate first appears in a 1955 deed between the Hundley heirs (Deed 346/77). 41 The Hundleys’ son George, who had lost his job during the Depression, moved to the property and started a poultry business. Their daughter Lottie and her husband, Dr. William N. “Nick” Fortescue, later bought out the other heirs. Fortescue, who 40 “Lucie and Mattie Norton Estate, Hendersonville, N.C., 1898-1906,” Job File 32, Olmsted Associates Records (Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC). 41 Lottie Markham Hundley, George’s widow, died intestate on September 28, 1955, and included in the property divided among her children was the “tract of land on which she resided at her death known as ‘Chanteloup’…” (Deed 346/77). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 80 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC had moved to Hendersonville in 1936, as one of only two surgeons, became chief of staff at Patton Memorial Hospital, and was instrumental in establishing the new Margaret R. Pardee Memorial Hospital in 1953, where he also served as chief of staff. Dr. Fortescue donated 9,000 azalea and rhododendron plants to the state Department of Transportation in an effort to encourage them to plant native flora on the new Interstate 26. The Fortescues retained the house for many years and during their ownership a parcel of land bordering Erkwood Drive was sold at auction for development. After Dr. Fortescue’s death in 1978, his son Dr. William Nicholas Fortescue Jr., developed a portion of the remaining property as the Chanteloup Country Estates subdivision along what is now Estate Drive. At a subsequent auction, the house, gardens and remaining property were sold. Historic Flat Rock, Inc. was the successful bidder. With the help of Historic Flat Rock Inc., this property was purchased 1995 by Leonard and Linda Oliphant, who spent approximately fifteen years extensively rehabilitating the house and gardens. A Spring House, ca. 1841 C-S Set into the hillside northeast of the main house, the spring house is, in effect, a grotto constructed of cut stone walls and a vaulted ceiling. A niche at the rear of the structure contains the spring opening and collection pool. The interior has cut stone floors and built-in seats. B Utility Shed, ca. 2002 NC-B The one-story, three-bay, concrete block structure stands to the north of the house. Designed to minimize its visual impact, the hip-roof shed presents three blind exterior walls in the general direction of the house and grounds, with the open fourth side facing north, away of the house. Two open bays contain air-handling units and garden equipment and the third bay is enclosed for other utility connections. C Playhouse, ca. 2002 NC-S The playhouse structure consists of a two-story hip-roof frame tower with an elevated deck and open stairs projecting to the north. The playhouse is finished on the exterior to resemble a stone castle. D Tractor Shed, ca. 1970 NC-S Built on the foundations of an earlier two-story structure, the tractor shed consists of a broad, lowpitched gable roof covering the remaining stone foundations. The roof structure is supported on wood posts and is accessed through two open bays on the south side. A tall stone chimney projects above the new roof. E Hog Slaughter House, ca. 1939 C-B Unusual one-story brick structure with twin front gables and an attached shed-roof porch supported on brick piers. The building features a metal roof, concrete floor, single-leaf wood batten door, and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 81 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC wood-frame multi-light casements. According the current owners, the deteriorated building was used in the past for slaughtering and processing hogs. F Corn Crib, ca. 1939 C-S Distinctive cylindrical structure with a conical metal roof on a concrete foundation. The structure is constructed of pierced metal panels for ventilation. G Chicken House, ca. 1939 NC-B Ruinous two-story, side-gable frame building with a metal roof and weatherboard siding. H Arbor #1, ca. 1900 C-S One of two similar garden structures standing opposite each other on the second terrace below the house. Located on the north side of the terrace, arbor #1 is constructed with square posts and beams of cast concrete and a wood trellis roof. A paneled, concrete knee wall extends across the rear and wood lattice fills the rear and side elevations. I Arbor #2, ca. 1900 C-S One of two similar garden structures standing opposite each other on the second terrace below the house. Located on the south side of the terrace, arbor #2 is constructed with square posts and beams of cast concrete and a wood trellis roof. A paneled, concrete knee wall extends across the rear and wood lattice fills the rear and side elevations. J Gateposts, ca. 1900 C-O Square stone gateposts constructed of cut granite blocks stand at the front entrance on Estate Drive and mark the beginning of the drive to the house. EXCALIBUR COURT See Trenholm Woods subdivision FALCON WOOD WAY See Teneriffe subdivision (Boundary Decrease) FENWAY CIRCLE Fenway Circle was named to recognize Leonard Phinizy, although it is a corrupted spelling and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 82 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC pronunciation of the name. Phinizy, a summer resident whose house on Greenville Highway was demolished for the construction of Hopewood (see 365 Sherwood Drive), planned the first subdivision of this land for houses in 1917 (Plat book 1, page 6). House, 1993 NC-B 205 Fenway Circle One-story frame Ranch house with wood siding, hip roof, inset entry porch, single-leaf entry door, and replacement six-over-six windows. A Garage, ca. 2008 NC-B Tall one-story front-gable metal-clad garage with two bays entered through metal overhead doors. A one-story shed addition extends to side and contains one garage bay entered through a metal overhead door and a single-leaf entry. House, 1999 NC-B 326 Fenway Circle One-story manufactured home with a side-gable roof, vinyl siding, wood entry stoop, and six-over-nine windows. An elevated wood deck sheltered by an attached metal-clad hip roof wraps around the side and rear elevations. An open, one-bay, front-gable carport with an enclosed storage room at its rear abuts the wood deck on the side of the house. House, 1994 NC-B 374 Fenway Circle One-story manufactured home with a side gable roof, vinyl siding, wood entry stoop, and one-over-one windows. House, 1950 C-B 378 Fenway Circle This one-story front-gable frame house sits back from the road on a large open lot. The house features an attached front-gable porch, vertical wood siding, replacement eight-over-eight windows, and an exterior NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 83 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC chimney covered with siding. The porch, which is accessed from both ends, is supported on square posts and exhibits a wood balustrade with square balusters. A Garage/Sawmill, ca. 1960 C-B A one-story six-bay frame garage and storage building is located to the side of the house. The building is capped by a side gable roof and features glazed-and-paneled overhead garage doors, replacement one-over-one windows on the side elevations, and horizontal wood siding. An attached shed-roof addition at the rear is covered with plywood sheathing and used as a sawmill. House, ca. 1950 C-B 388 Fenway Circle This one-story front-gable Craftsman-influenced frame house occupies a large open lot. The house rests on a stuccoed foundation and features German siding, projecting side bay, interior brick chimney, single-leaf entry door with three vertical lights, and four-over-one and replacement one-over-one windows. The attached front-gable porch is supported on thin, replacement metal posts. House, 1995 NC-B 399 Fenway Circle One-story manufactured home with a side gable roof, vinyl siding, and six-over-six windows. An attached front-gable porch rests on a concrete block foundation and is supported by square wood posts. A Shed, ca. 1995 NC-B Covered with weatherboards, a one-story front-gable frame shed rests on a concrete block pier foundation and contains six-over-six windows. FERN CREEK DRIVE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) FLAT ROCK FIELDS LANE See Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 84 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC FOREST GARDEN DRIVE Dead end road, once called Macbeth Lane, off Trenholm Road. House, 1946 C-B 3 Forest Garden Drive Small, one-story, side-gable, frame Minimal Traditional house covered with asbestos shingle siding. The house displays a set back side wing and an engaged one-bay carport. House, 1962 C-B 9 Forest Garden Drive One-story, brick Ranch house has an asphalt-shingle side-gable roof, engaged one-bay carport, picture window, and replacement one-over-one double-hung sash windows. An exterior brick chimney projects through the carport roof extension. House, 1955 C-B 24 Forest Garden Drive This altered one-story side-gable frame dwelling with board-and-batten siding is located at the end of a curving, unpaved driveway. The house features a projecting front-gable bay, exterior brick chimney, engaged full-width porch supported on square wood posts, and a side wing with an attached gable-roof two-car carport set at an obtuse angle to main house. The porch and carport appear to be later alterations, along with skylights on the main roof and side wing. FOREST VIEW DRIVE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) FORTSON STREET House, 2000 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 85 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 101 Fortson Street One-story side-gable manufactured home with vinyl siding and a front-gable entrance bay. A Carport, ca. 2000 NC-S Prefabricated front-gable metal carport. House, ca. 1990 NC-B 102 Fortson Street Single-wide mobile home trailer. House, 1980 NC-B 104 Fortson Street One-story side-gable manufactured home covered with vinyl siding. House, ca. 2010 NC-B 105 Fortson Street Single-wide mobile home trailer. House, 1982 NC-B 109 Fortson Street One-story manufactured home has vinyl siding, a front-gable entry porch, replacement one-over-one sash windows, and a brick veneer apron on the facade. An attached one-story, front-gable carport at the north end, which is taller than the main house, is constructed of frame and partially enclosed with paneled sheathing and wood lattice. House, 1969 NC-B 114 Fortson Street One-story, side-gable frame manufactured house has wood sheathing, brick foundation, replacement one- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 86 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC over-one and sliding sash windows, and an attached shed-roof porch supported on slender posts. GLASSY LANE House, ca. 1930, 1973 NC-B 33 Glassy Lane According to tax records, this one-story, cross-gable frame dwelling was built in 1973, but judging from its exterior materials, it was likely an existing structure that was enlarged in 1973. The house is covered with German siding and capped by a standing-seam metal roof. An exterior chimney on the façade is painted irregularly-coursed stone. The single-leaf entry door is sheltered by a shed-roof canopy with exposed rafters. The windows are modern replacement picture windows and louvered sash. The house is located on the same parcel as 37 Glassy Lane. House, 1973 NC-B 37 Glassy Lane One-story side-gable frame Ranch house with a large front-gable bay and engaged front-gable one-bay garage. An inset porch shelters the façade between the two end gables. The house is covered with weatherboards. The house is located on the same parcel as 33 Glassy Lane. House, 1962 C-B 57 Glassy Lane Two-story, brick veneer, French Eclectic residence. The house features a low-pitch hip roof, wide exterior brick chimney, decorative brick bands, four-over-four double-hung sash, and an one-bay garage wing to the side with a patio roof accessed from the second-story. The large segmental-arch first-story window openings contain the window above a wood panel. The central entrance bay is also arched and contains a single-leaf door framed by sidelights and a fanlight. House, 1994 NC-B 65 Glassy Lane One-and-a-half-story, frame Cape Cod residence exhibits three gabled dormers on the main elevation. The house features an engaged full-width porch supported on square posts, exterior brick chimney, vinyl NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 87 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC siding, and four-over-four double-hung sash. A set back side wing connects the main house with a one-anda-half-story, one-bay, front-gable garage. GLASSY MOUNTAIN DRIVE House, 1970 NC-B 3 Glassy Mountain Drive This one-story side-gable brick Ranch house occupies a heavily wooded lot. The house features a projecting front bay, vertical wood siding in the gable ends, eight-over-eight double-hung windows of wood panels, and an uncovered front stoop with metal railings. Two garage bays are located in the basement of the house and entered from the side; an elevated wood deck extends from the side and shelters the garage entrances. House, 1962 C-B 9 Glassy Mountain Drive One-story side-gable Ranch House with a projecting front-gable bay, lower side wing with two gabled wall dormers, and a combination of weatherboards, board-and-batten, and brick veneer siding. The façade windows at the entrance are casements with diamond panes; the remaining windows are six-over-six doublehung sash. House, 1959 C-B 19 Glassy Mountain Drive This one-story, side-gable Ranch house exhibits a range of siding materials including weatherboards, brick veneer, and stone. A partial-width shed-roof porch supported on slender columns shelters the woodsided façade, while the end bays not covered by the porch are brick veneer. The southwest side elevation is covered with irregularly-coursed stone and features a wide exterior stone chimney; a later side wing extends at an angle from this side of the house. Windows are typically eight-over-eight double-hung sash, with modern six-over-six and nine-over-nine windows on the side wing. A Garage, ca. 1959 C-B One-and-a-half-story, two-bay, front-gable frame garage with an irregularly-course stone foundation, weatherboards, gabled side dormer, and replacement six-over-six windows. The metal overhead garage doors appear to be replacements. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 88 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1969, 1999 NC-B 31 Glassy Mountain Drive Heavily remodeled split-level Ranch house with a brick daylight basement and vertical wood sheathing on the upper story. The front-gable entry porch is likely a later addition with new wood steps, posts, and balustrade. Windows are replacement six-over-six double-hung sash. Two garage bays are located in the basement and entered from the narrow side elevation. A screened porch projects above the garage entrances. House, 1959 C-B 39 Glassy Mountain Drive This one-story side-gable frame Ranch house is divided into three blocks and displays some minimal Colonial Revival-style detail in the dentil cornice and molding. The house features brick veneer and weatherboard siding, inset entry porch, singe-leaf entry door with sidelights, six-over-six windows, and an uncovered front stoop with modern metal railings. The end block contains a two-bay garage. House, 1959 C-B 51 Glassy Mountain Drive This one-story hip-roof Ranch house has an exposed basement at the southwest end that contains two garage bays. The house exhibits rough-cut wood siding on the main story, along with brick veneer and vertical wood sheathing; inset entry porch; and replacement casement windows. House, 1960 C-B 54 Glassy Mountain Drive Located on a wooded lot, this one-story hip-roof Ranch house sits down slope from street level. The frame house is covered with weatherboards and a brick apron and has replacement casement windows. GLENBURNIE LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 89 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC GLENGARY DRIVE Part of the Flat Rock Forest subdivision, which was developed on a portion of the Saluda Cottages estate. Section 3 of Flat Rock Forest, including Glengary Drive, which was originally identified as “Glen Garry Drive,” was platted in December 1955. House, 1957 C-B 101 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has a central front-gable bay, façade picture window, attached flat-roof porch, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. A garage wing on the east end of the façade is covered with board-and-batten siding. House, 1956 C-B 102 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house features an interior brick chimney, engaged partial-width porch carried on brick posts, façade picture windows, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. A side-gable garage wing on the west side of the house is entered through a glazed-and-paneled wooden overhead door with a separate single-leaf entry to the side. House, 1956, ca. 1990 C-B 103 Glengary Drive One-story brick Ranch house has a tall front-gable center section flanked by hip-roof wings. A lower front-gable bay to the east contains an inset entry porch. The house displays a replacement bay window on the façade, replacement one-over-one windows, and a two-car garage is entered on the west side elevation. House, 1977 NC-B 104 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house features Colonial Revival details including an engaged porch supported on columns, a broken pediment entry surround, eight-over-twelve double-hung sash windows, and a garage wing entered on the east side elevation. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 90 House, 1980 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 105 Glengary Drive One-story Neo-traditional brick house with a tall side-gable roof has an attached front-gable porch supported on Tuscan columns, an interior brick chimney, single-leaf entry flanked by sidelights, and a set back garage wing. House, 1968 NC-B 107 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an inset porch covered with vertical wood sheathing, sixover-six double-hung sash windows, and a two-car garage entered on the east side elevation. House, 1989 NC-B 108 Glengary Drive One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional frame house with a side-gable roof has gabled front dormers, weatherboard siding, an attached shed-roof porch, one-over-one windows, and front-gable garage wing. House, 1978 NC-B 109 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house on a partially exposed basement displays weatherboards in the gable ends, an engaged partial-width porch carried on square posts, and replacement one-over-one windows over wood panels. House, 1980 NC-B 110 Glengary Drive Two-story side-gable brick house with a large one-story garage wing features an attached one-story front-gable porch supported by simple columns, bay window on the east elevation, and six-over-six doublehung sash windows. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 91 House, 1961 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 111 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an interior brick chimney, recessed single-leaf entry, and prominent front-gable bay. It features Colonial Revival-style details including cornice returns, polygonal bay window, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows over wood panels. House, 1963 C-B 112 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has a projecting front-gable end bay, an attached shed-roof porch supported by slender columns, and eight-over-twelve double-hung sash windows. A set back two-car garage wing extends from the west side of the house and is entered through a glazed-and-paneled wooden overhead door. A Swimming pool, 2005 NC-S An irregularly-shaped in-ground, concrete swimming pool with a concrete deck is located to the northwest of the house. House, 1962 [Photo 18] C-B 113 Glengary Drive One-story brick Ranch house with a gable-on-hip roof features an interior brick chimney, recessed partial-width porch carried on square posts with arch spandrels, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. The porch shelters a façade picture window and a single-leaf entry flanked by a single sidelight on the east side. A two-car garage is entered from the east side elevation. House, 1990 NC-B 114 Glengary Drive One-story modern frame Ranch house is covered with brick veneer and vinyl siding and has a side-gable roof, a recessed single-leaf entry, plate-glass windows, and a two-car garage on the façade. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 92 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1976 NC-B 115 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house with Colonial Revival details including a tall engaged porch carried on Tuscan columns, single-leaf entry with sidelights and a broken pediment, molded window hoods, and eight-over-twelve double-hung sash windows. House, 1959 C-B 116 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable frame Ranch house is covered with weatherboards and displays an interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap, front-gable end bay, recessed single-leaf entry, and single-pane casements. A two-car garage wing extends from the west side of the house. House, 1973 NC-B 117 Glengary Drive One-story brick Ranch house on a partially exposed basement has a hip roof, hip-roof entry bay, singleleaf entry door flanked by sidelights, and replacement one-over-one windows. House, 1973 NC-B 118 Glengary Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house displays an attached partial-width shed porch, eight-over-twelve double-hung sash windows, and a two-car garage wing extending from the south side elevation. GLENROY COURT See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) GOLFSIDE DRIVE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 93 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC GREEN ACRES VIEW LANE House, 1943 C-B 29 Green Acres View Lane The one-story, side-gable log residence is constructed of saddle-notched logs with concrete chinking. The building, now used as a single-family residence, features a stone watertable, modern metal roof, original single-leaf entry doors, and two-over-two double-hung windows. Two, front-gable entry porches located on the facade are supported by peeled log posts on stone piers. A secondary entrance on the south elevation is sheltered by an attached shed-roof porch supported on square wood posts with a replacement wood balustrade. The house is also listed as #35 on tax maps, which is the number that appears on the building. House, ca. 1940, ca. 1960 C-B 47-49 Green Acres View Lane The one-story side-gable frame building has been enlarged with a one-bay extension to the south. The original structure is covered with board-and-batten siding and has four-over-four double-hung sash windows, wood shingles in the north gable end, a decorative front gable, rear ell, and a projecting hip-roof polygonal entrance bay. The addition is finished with a concrete block foundation, German siding, and three-part metalframe sash. A new metal roof caps the building. A shed-roof entry porch supported on square wood posts is attached to the north side of the polygonal entrance bay and shelters a single-leaf entry door. A Shed, ca. 1940 C-B A one-story frame shed standing to the southeast of the house has a corrugated metal roof and waneyedge wood siding. The structure is accessed through diagonally-braced double-leaf wood doors. House, ca. 1940, ca. 1960 C-B 71 Green Acres View Lane Once part of Jones’ Deluxe Cottages motor court, this one-story, side-gable frame dwelling rests on an irregularly-coursed stone foundation and is covered with rough-cut wood siding. The house features an interior brick chimney, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and a front-gable porch with square posts and a wood balustrade with flat balusters. From a documentary postcard view, it appears that the house was once a small cottage similar in size to the two structures at 77 and 83 Green Acres View Lane, but was later enlarged. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 94 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Guest Cottage, ca. 1940 C-B 77 Green Acres View Lane Once part of Jones’ Deluxe Cottages motor court, this one-story side-gable frame building contained two guest rooms and features two single-leaf paneled wood entry doors on the façade. The small building is covered with German siding and has a shallow gable-roof projecting bay at the rear, six-over-six doublehung sash windows, and an attached partial-width shed-roof porch supported by turned posts. A low stone retaining wall with central stone steps runs in front of the building. Guest Cottage, ca. 1940 C-B 83 Green Acres View Lane Once part of Jones’ Deluxe Cottages motor court, this one-story side-gable building containing two guest rooms features two single-leaf paneled wood entry doors on the façade. Resting on a rock foundation, the diminutive structure is constructed of brick with rock quoins rising to the level of the window sills at each corner. The building has waney-edge wood siding in the gable ends, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and an attached partial-width flat-roof porch. The porch rests on rock foundation piers and is carried by large square wood posts with a simple wood balustrade. The porch is accessed by concrete steps its west side. The rear windows are four- and six-light fixed sash. GREENVILLE HIGHWAY Formerly US 25 and part of the Dixie Highway system, Greenville Highway is the main north-south road in Flat Rock. The road was known as the Old State Road, Old Buncombe Road, and the Buncombe Turnpike; locally it was referred to as the “High Road.” The properties within the Flat Rock Historic District extend from its north end at the Church of St. John in the Wilderness and its intersection with North Highland Lake Road to the south boundary of the district beyond the Argyle estate (3110 Greenville Highway) and 3119 Greenville Highway. The road then rises up an unnamed gap to the Eastern Continental Divide and continues on to Greenville, South Carolina. The Church of St. John in the Wilderness, ca. 1833, ca. 1852, ca. 1919 C-B 1851 Greenville Highway Situated on a wooded hilltop near the intersection of Greenville Highway and Rutledge Drive, the gable- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 95 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC roof brick church is six bays long and three bays wide with a chancel wing at the west end of the building. The present configuration of the church represents the ca. 1852 transformation of the small original chapel, which was enlarged to accommodate a growing number of summer parishioners. Three round-arch windows are located in the east gable end, which serves as the façade, and is anchored by a stuccoed three-story square tower with a pyramidal roof at the southeast corner. Double-leaf wood doors in the base of the tower serve as the main entrance into the church at the rear of the nave. The building is buttressed at the corners and along the bays. All openings are surmounted by round arches, and the windows along the side elevations have shutters that are hinged at the top. Two gable-roof wings project from the north elevation. The central wing serves an entrance, while the smaller wing at the northwest corner was added around 1919 to house the organ motor. The main façade and the secondary entrance gable have bargeboards outlining the splayed gables with a wide band of applied fretwork above a sawtooth border. The interior has a double hammer beam truss system that is supported by turned columns resting on bracketed shelves. The wide shelves are positioned level with the window sills and have wood wainscoting extending from sill to the floor. The Church of St. John in the Wilderness is the oldest church in the Episcopal Diocese of Western North Carolina. It was built as a private chapel in 1833 for Charles and Susan Baring as part of their estate, Mountain Lodge (486 Rutledge Drive). In 1836, Charles Baring deeded the church and land to Bishop Ives for the growing Flat Rock community. By the 1850s, the summer colony had grown and a larger building was needed to accommodate the additional parishioners. Charleston architect Edward C. Jones designed an expansion of the church that enlarged the building and added the bell tower and entrance on the east end. Ephriam Clayton served as the builder. The church was built with a slave gallery that was removed in 1881, when a new organ was installed. Slaves and their families worshipped in the same space as their owners and were buried in a designated section of the cemetery. Church records from 1850 to 1864 note slaves’ baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and deaths. Following the Civil War, the former slaves and servants formed their own church in East Flat Rock. During the 1910s, increasing attendance necessitated additional space for parishioners. In 1914, all unoccupied pews were offered to visitors, and in 1919, local architect Erle Stillwell was hired to reconfigure the rear of the church—adding more pews and moving the organ. A small gable-roof wing was added at the northwest corner of the building to house the organ motor. Electricity was installed in 1939. The church finally opened for year-round services in 1958, and the Rev. Walter D. Roberts was appointed the first fulltime rector in 1961. Pew rents were discontinued in 1960. A Cemetery, ca. 1833 C-Site The church cemetery occupies the same wooded hilltop as the church building and dates to construction of the Barings’ original chapel. When the Barings deeded the church property to the diocese in 1836, they retained ownership of land near the top of the hill for their burial plots. In order not to NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 96 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC disturb any existing graves adjacent to the original chapel, the 1852 expansion of the church was built over them. The Barings are interred in crypts beneath the present building, which are marked by marble tablets on the south wall. The terraced churchyard contains numerous, closely-spaced family plots marked by stone walls and iron fences. Elaborate markers and tablets denote the graves of parishioners, their family members, and others, including slaves, servants, and freedmen. Many of the prominent Charleston and Flat Rock families are represented, including the Draytons, Grimkes, Memmingers, Middletons, Pinckneys, and many more. Hanckel House, ca. 1890 NC-B 1900 Greenville Highway Also known as Fernleigh, the large two-story frame house survives in ruinous condition, having suffered from significant deterioration. A weatherboarded exterior wall with two-over-two double-hung sash windows and two interior brick chimneys hint at the former grandeur of the house, but it is substantially deteriorated and no longer retains historic integrity. The property has a wide, tree-lined pine needle path leading to Highland Lake, an avenue of hemlocks, and other, smaller ivy-edged pine-needle paths. Charles and Ann Hanckel of Charleston built the dwelling as a summer house around 1890. Other members of the Hanckel family had summer houses in Brevard and near Kanuga. Earlier, this Flat Rock land had been part of Henry McAlpin's holdings and later a part of the Elliott lands. The property was parceled out of the larger Elliott tract in 1886, when the Misses Elliott (Emily and Ann) sold nine acres to W. F. Hanckel. William and Sallie Elliott of Beaufort County, North Carolina, sold another acre to Charles F. Hanckel (1829-1898) in 1891. His wife, Ann Heyward Hanckel, called Annie, left the property in her will to her five daughters, among them Mary Bull Hanckel, who, in 1916, bought her sisters' shares in the property with the "buildings thereon." Mary Hanckel kept the house for ten years, selling it in 1925 to George E. and Gertrude C. Warren of Dade County, Florida. 42 Four years later, in 1929, the Warrens sold the property with furniture and furnishings to Charles Herries and Margaret Willett Woodhull of Washington, D.C. Excepted from the deed to the Woodhulls was a twoacre 117-foot strip between Greenville Highway and Highland Lake. Margaret Woodhull and her mother, Mrs. Willett, continued to live here and were considered old-fashioned in their Victorian dress. After other transactions, the property was transferred to Frederick Wayne Towers, a landscape architect who practiced for some time in Hilton Head, South Carolina. 42 Interview with Betty Andrews Lee. Magnolia Cemetery records, Charleston, SC. Plat dated June 24, 1886, by A. L. Patterson, Henderson County Register of Deeds Office. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 97 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC B Barn, ca. 1929 C-B Tall, one-story front-gable frame barn is covered with board-and-batten siding. It features an asphaltshingle roof, exposed rafter tails, and a side passage entered through double-leaf wood doors. C Shed, ca. 1929 C-B The small, one-story, side-gable frame shed, which is now partially overgrown, is covered with board-and-batten siding and has a small window on each gable end. D Caretaker’s House, ca. 1900 C-B One-story side-gable frame dwelling has an interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap, weatherboards, and two single-leaf entrances on the façade. An attached shed-roof porch is carried on square wood posts and displays a wood balustrade with a star pattern detail. The asphalt-shingle roof is partially covered with metal sheathing. Windows are typically six-over-six double-hung sash with three four-light sash positioned between the front entrances. A long, one-story gable-roof ell extends to the rear and features an inset side porch, exposed rafter tails, and a brick pier foundation. A portion of the weatherboards on the rear ell are deteriorated. A one-story gable-roof bay projects from the rear of the ell and is covered with plywood sheathing. Parish Hall of the Church of St. John in the Wilderness, 1966-1967 NC-B 1905 Greenville Highway The Parish Hall is a long, one-story contemporary frame building with a gable-on-hip roof, board-andbatten siding, and a large stone chimney on the façade. The windows are tall, single-pane casement pairs. The entrance, which is located at the south end of the façade, is sheltered by a projecting flat-roof porch on square wood posts. The interior contains Gothic Revival doorways from the old Ravenswood estate (no longer standing), which stood to the south in the present-day Ravenswood subdivision. A flat-roof canopy extending from the rear of the building shelters a walkway to the adjacent Day Care Building. The Parish Hall occupies a tract on the south side of Rutledge Drive across the road from the church and cemetery lot. A Day Care Building, 1967 NC-B Oriented perpendicular to the Parish Hall, the one-story contemporary frame building was constructed for day care use. It is similarly finished with a gable-on-hip roof, board-and-batten siding, and single-pane casement windows, which appear in groups of four. A hip-roof wing projects to the south. B Storage Building, 1975 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 98 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Built in 1975 as a hospital loan facility by the women of the Church of St John in the Wilderness, the one-story front-gable frame building is located in a wooded area to the south of the Parish Hall. Resting on a concrete foundation, the building is covered with board-and-batten siding. An attached front-gable entry porch is supported by slender square posts and shelters double-leaf wood doors. St. John in the Wilderness Church Rectory, 1853-1854, ca. 1958 C-B 2021 Greenville Highway Built as the rectory for St. John in the Wilderness Church (1900 Greenville Highway), the building is a one-and-a-half-story, T-plan dwelling constructed of cut granite blocks. The house has a steeply pitched cross-gable roof, two interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, stone lintels and sills, and nine-over-nine double-hung sash windows. The single-leaf entrance is framed by sidelights and a paneled transom. A onestory gable-roof frame addition projects to the rear of the house. The rear ell rests on a brick pier foundation and is covered with weatherboards. C. G. Memminger purchased eleven acres from Edward Trenholm in 1853, and donated the property to the Church of St. John in the Wilderness. Construction began on the rectory that same year for the use of visiting pastors. Since the church was initially only open during the summer, the rectory was not designed for year-round use, and after 1958, full-time rectors have not desired to live in the rectory because it was uncomfortable through the winter. Prior to 1967, the house also served as the Parish Hall. The old kitchen house behind the rectory was demolished in 1958, which may have been around the time the rear ell was added. Later improvements have made the house habitable year-round and the church has offered it as a private rental residence. 43 Looking South, 1938-1939, 1989 C-B 2550 Greenville Highway One-and-a-half-story, side-gable, brick and frame house has two side wings, front-gable entry porch, shed dormer, interior brick chimneys, and weatherboard siding. The front-gable porch displays an arched spandrel and is supported on square posts. It shelters a single-leaf entry framed by sidelights and a fanlight. The house has replacement six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The two-bay, south-facing rear elevation features two gabled wall dormers, projecting front-gable bay with a plate-glass window, and a classically-influenced single-leaf entrance bay. The entry door, framed by fluted pilasters and an entablature, 43 Church vestry minutes, August 15, 1853. Bailey, Saint John in the Wilderness, 1836-; The Oldest Episcopal Church in Western North Carolina (Asheville, NC: Biltmore Press, 1995), 81. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 99 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC is approached from flared steps constructed of stone taken from the Green River in Henderson county. Constructed of brick, the south elevation has replacement four-over-four, six-over-six, and eight-over-eight windows. Jesse Bell and Ted de Sasussure built the west wing of the house, which contains a screened porch with a weatherboarded apron. Arched spandrels were added to the porch in 1989, along with the east side wing and rear deck. A wood pergola on square posts shelters the deck. Built in 1938-1939 for William P. "Wick" and Alice Lowndes Andrews, the house was designed by Preston Andrews, an unregistered architect, and built by Albert Drake, reportedly the first house he built. The Andrews’ playfully named the house Looking South, referring in part to its south facing orientation. Alice Andrews was the Southern Regional Tennis Champion in the 1920s, as well as an accomplished horsewoman who taught several generations of children to ride. The house was built before the 1942 division of the southern portion of the Lowndes’ estate Dolce Far Niente. Looking South is accessed along a short drive that parallels Lowndes Lane and is on a larger lot than other properties accessed directly from Lowndes Lane. Looking South is the home of William P. “Wick” Andrews, Jr., son of William P. and Alice Lowndes Andrews, and his wife Martha Andrews. 44 A Shed, ca. 1940 C-B One-story frame shed with vertical wood sheathing, exposed rafters, and six-light windows. Two single-leaf entry doors on the façade are composed of three lights over two vertical panels. B Guest House, 2552 Greenville Highway, ca. 1950 C-B Located to the west of the main house, this one-story side-gable frame dwelling rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with wide board-and-batten siding. The façade is sheltered by an attached full-width screened porch with exposed rafter tails and wood paneling beneath the screened openings. The windows are typically two-light aluminum-frame louvered sash. House, 2003 NC-B 2606 Greenville Highway Covering three adjoining lots, the one-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional frame house features three gabled front dormers, an engaged full-width porch, and an attached one-bay garage wing to the north. The house is clad with vinyl siding and has six-over-six windows. Jones’ Deluxe Cottages Main Building, ca. 1935 44 Interviews with Wick Andrews and Betty Andrews Lee. C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 100 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 2612 Greenville Highway The one-and-a-half-story Period Cottage was the main building of Jones’ Deluxe Cottages, a tourist court situated on the U-shaped Green Acres View Lane located to the rear (east) of this house. The brick dwelling features a stone veneer façade, stone quoins at the rear corners, stone façade chimney, gabled dormer, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. A decorative stone gable marks the single-leaf entry door, which is screened by a louvered wood door. A stone patio lies in front of the entrance and is bordered by a low stone wall. A shed dormer on the rear is covered with vertical wood siding and contains a polygonal bay window. A one-story shed-roof addition at the rear is finished with vertical wood sheathing and displays a polygonal bay windows, sliding-glass doors, and a large, attached wood deck that wraps around the full extent of the rear elevation. Jones’ Deluxe Cottages, which was also known as the Johnson Motor Court or Bonclarken Court, consisted of seven buildings with fourteen guest units. Six of the buildings came furnished with bedding, linens, and small kitchens. Two of the buildings were heated. Mr. and Mrs. R. M. Willis moved to Flat Rock to run the tourist court. 45 A 1940s postcard of Jones’ Deluxe Cottages claimed the accommodations were “Your home away from home” and boasts of its amenities: “Each Cottage is designed differently, all new and modern with Bath, Showers, Kitchenettes, Steam Heat and Inner-Spring Mattresses. Grill and Garages. Health Rating Highest in the State.” House, 1923 C-B 2614 Greenville Highway One-and-a-half-story Craftsman bungalow is clad with vinyl siding and capped by a side-gable roof that engages a full-width porch. The porch is supported by square wood posts on brick piers. The house features an exterior brick chimney, deep eaves, one-story polygonal bay window on the north elevation, attached twostory shed-roof porch on the south elevation, and a prominent front shed dormer. The windows are replacement one-over-one double-hung sash. The house has a small enclosed rear porch and a deck addition. House, 1942, ca. 1980 C-B 2616 Greenville Highway Resting on a stone foundation, the one-story side-gable frame house is covered with waney-edge wood siding and an asphalt-shingle roof. It displays an interior stone chimney, front-gable wing, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. An attached shed-roof porch has been enclosed with waney-edge wood siding 45 Murdock, 93. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 101 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC and jalousie windows. A shed-roof addition is located on the south elevation and opens onto a wood deck that wraps around the rear of the house. A shallow, gable-roof wing on the north elevation contains two single-leaf entry doors, including the main entrance. A large one-and-a-half-story gable-roof wing was added onto the northeast corner of the house, probably in the 1980s. The wing contains two garage bays on the first story and is finished with waney-edge wood siding like the main house. The addition exhibits front and rear shed dormers, six-over-six windows, and a gable-roof entrance canopy. A two-bay shed-roof carport is attached to the east elevation of the garage wing. It is supported on square wood posts and has waney-edge wood siding in the gable ends. A Well, ca. 1942, ca. 1980 NC-S A stone well is located in the grass yard to the northwest of the house. A stone plinth supports a frame structure covered with weatherboards and capped by a gable roof. House, 1923, 1950, 2009 NC-B 2620 Greenville Highway Originally built as a one-and-a-half-story side-gable Craftsman bungalow, the house has been enlarged with a set back wing to the south and a side-gable garage wing to the north. In its original configuration the house was similar to the neighboring structure at 203 Bonclarken Lane. The house is covered with vinyl siding and has an interior brick chimney. An engaged porch on the north side of the main block has been enclosed with a single-leaf glazed door and jalousie windows. The two-car garage wing projects to the north from the enclosed porch. An uncovered wood deck carries across the façade of the main block, which retains paired six-over-six sash windows on the first story. The dormers have replacement three-light sash windows. The south wing exhibits a three-part multi-light picture window on its front elevation. Patton Store, ca. 1875, ca. 1950 C-B 2622 Greenville Highway The Patton Store is a one-story front-gable frame commercial building that dates from the late nineteenth century. The simple structure rests on a granite pier foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The façade is composed of double-leaf glazed-and-paneled doors flanked by large two-over-two double-hung sash windows. A modern cloth awning shelters the entrance door and windows. The interior walls and ceiling are plastered, and the batten shutters remain on the interior. Around 1950, the one-story concrete block addition was built on the south side of the frame structure. Now covered with stucco, the flat-roof addition has a large one-over-one front window and a single-leaf entry door composed of three vertical lights over three panels. The entrance door and window are sheltered by a cloth awning. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 102 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC John P. Patton (1853-1921) was appointed postmaster on August 1, 1877, and moved the post office to his store, which was housed in this building. Matthew Farmer became postmaster in 1879, and moved the post office back to its original location in Peter Stradley’s building (see 118 Village Center Drive) to the south. The post office moved again in 1922, when it returned to this location and a single hand-cranked gas pump was installed in front of the store. In 1939, A. Campbell King, grandson of Judge Mitchell King, purchased the building and assumed the duties of postmaster. Jimmy Harris bought the building in 1947, with plans to open a grocery in the building, which only had five pendant lights and no indoor plumbing. Harris added the concrete block wing with improved lighting and plumbing for the post office and opened Harris Grocery in the old frame portion. The post office relocated once again to its original home in 1953, but the grocery continued to operate until 1956, when the building was sold to Marion Ford Mann, who operated the Rag Doll Gift Shop until the 1990s. It is currently being used as a publishing office. House, late 19th century, ca. 1950, 2012 C-B 2624 Greenville Highway Known locally as the King House for the two brothers who originally owned this land in the midnineteenth century, this one-story side-gable frame dwelling was extensively rehabilitated in 2012 by Historic Flat Rock, Inc., and research conducted during the rehabilitation suggests that the structure was composed of three separate buildings that were either built on site or moved here and joined together over time. The house has a late-nineteenth century appearance with a front-gable wing, attached shed-roof porch, interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. The house, which rests on a stone pier foundation with concrete block infill and is covered with weatherboards, displays a mix of late Victorian and classical stylistic details. The gabled roof has wide overhanging eaves and a simple cornice with cornice returns in the gable ends. Decorative diamond-shaped ornaments are located on the front and side gable ends. The porch is carried by paired square wood posts on a weatherboarded balustrade and shelters a double-leaf entry, which consists of glazed-and-paneled doors, wood-frame screen doors, and an arched, stained-glass transom. A kitchen and dining room wing was added at the rear of house, with an attached hip-roof porch carrying along the south elevation of the rear ell. The porch exhibits an open ceiling and is carried on turned posts with a balustrade. The majority of the windows on the side and rear elevations are two-over-two double-hung sash. In the 1950s, when the house was owned by William Fretwell and his wife, a small gable-roof addition containing two bathrooms was attached on the south side of the house. Deed records for the property can be traced back to 1844, when brothers Elisha and Benjamin King sold the tract to Peter Stradley (Deed 3/436). It is unclear, however, if any of the structures that now compose the present house were located on the site at that time or if they were moved here at a later time and connected. During the recent rehabilitation, it was determined that the house consists of three principal sections that are NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 103 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC linked together by connector sections that are framed separately. It is possible that the assembled structure took on its late-Victorian appearance during the ownership of Allen Tabor, who owned the property from 1872 to 1881, or the Hart family, which owned it from 1881 to 1921. A one-story shop wing was added to the north elevation of the house in the late twentieth century, but it was removed in 2012. House, ca. 1952, ca. 2005 NC-B 2626 Greenville Highway Two-story, side-gable frame building was erected around 1952 as a double garage with double-leaf Xbraced garage doors and an apartment on the second-story. An attached one-story front-gable porch on metal posts shelters the single-leaf front entrance. A two-tiered porch is attached to the north elevation and accessed by exterior metal stairs. Windows on the second-story are six-over-six double-hung sash. Since 2005, the north garage bay has been enclosed, the whole building has been covered with vinyl siding, and the first-story windows have been replaced with one-over-one sash. The recent alterations completely obscure its former use as a two-bay garage. Tuctaway, ca. 1893 C-B 2638 Greenville Highway Also known as the Heyward House, Tuctaway is a large two-story, three-bay, single-pile frame dwelling with a two-story rear ell and multiple rear additions and extensions. Resting on a brick pier foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards on the first story and wood shingles on the second. The house features a decorative front gable, two exterior brick chimneys on the rear elevation, projecting entrance bay, and large two-over-two and four-over-four double-hung sash windows. An attached hip-roof porch extends the full width of the façade and wraps around both the north and south sides of the house. The porch is carried on stout, square wood posts with a simple wood railing. The central entrance consists of double-leaf glazed-andpaneled wood doors with screened outer doors. The central bay of the second story contains a group of three windows fitted with operable louvered shutters. A diamond-shaped vent is positioned in the decorative gable above the windows. The north end of the wraparound porch has been enclosed, while a bay window projects from the south elevation beneath the porch roof. A one-story addition on the south side of the two-story rear ell is capped by a tall side-gable roof that reaches to just below the exposed rafter tails of the main roof. An L-shaped kitchen wing, which was originally detached, rests on a brick pier and fieldstone foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The kitchen wing has a gable roof of pressed tin shingles, exposed rafter tails, two-over-two and four-over-four double-hung sash, and an interior brick chimney. An attached, partially enclosed hip-roof porch is accessed by a set of wood stairs and shelters a single-leaf paneled entry NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 104 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC door. The foundation walls are pierced by nine-light wood-frame windows. A large one-story gable-roof wing, housing a large dining room, was built to connect the main block of the house with the kitchen wing. The infill section has weatherboards, an asphalt-shingle roof, and a screened shed porch along its south elevation that links the main house and kitchen wing. The house was once owned by Mrs. Julius Heyward of Dunroy (249 Dunroy Drive). A deed search by the owner shows that the house was built in 1906 by T. P. Mallorie. Successive owners have included the Hart, Maybank, Davis, Smith, Blake, and Burke families. Sarah Davis, who purchased the house in 1954, named it Tuctaway. The house sits on 10.28 acres of landscaped and natural grounds. Elements of the designed landscape include a long, tree-lined gravel driveway, stone entry pillars, stone curb and gutters, cut granite steps to house, and boxwood hedges. The lawn in front of the house is defined by a circular drive. A Servants’ House, 1893 C-B One-story, side-gable structure with a shed roof extension on its south elevation stands just east of the back of the main house. The façade has two bays with solid wood, single-leaf doors, and a third door positioned at the front of the shed extension. Resting on a stone pier foundation, the servants’ house is covered with board-and-batten siding and capped with a metal roof. The rear elevation has three bays of windows, and a single two-light window is located on the south elevation. B Shed, ca. 1930 C-B A large front-gable frame shed is located in a level grassy area to the southeast of the house. The structure is covered with board-and-batten siding and has a metal-clad roof with exposed rafter tails. The roof projects forward to form a large open bay at the front of the structure. The projecting roof is supported on square wood posts and shelters a concrete slab floor. The front wall of the building appears to be replacement plywood sheathing with decorative battens added to match the side elevations. Two single-leaf doors on the front wall access the interior of the enclosed portion of the building, as well as two single-leaf doors on the south elevation. C Duplex, 2636 Greenville Highway, ca. 1930 C-B A one-story, side-gable frame dwelling is located at the rear of the property. Resting on a brick foundation, the house features an interior brick chimney, pressed-tin roof shingles, weatherboards, sixover-six double-hung windows, and an attached shed-roof porch carried on square wood posts with a simple wood railing. Two shed-roof extensions project from the rear of the house. The four-bay façade is composed of two single-leaf paneled wood entry doors at the center, which are flanked by windows. D Garage, ca. 1930 C-B A one-story, two-bay frame garage stands to the northeast of the house. The structure, which is covered with vertical wood siding, is capped by a metal-clad front-gable roof with exposed rafter tails. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 105 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The garage bays are accessed through double-leaf wood doors. E Swimming pool, ca. 1986 NC-S An in-ground, concrete swimming pool was built on the property in the mid-1980s. It is surrounded by a concrete deck and a chain-link fence. F Gateposts, 1893 C-O Square stone pillars mark the entrance from Greenville Highway to the unpaved, tree-lined drive that leads to the house. The Flat Rock C-Site East side of Greenville Highway Large expanse of exposed granite visible on both sides of Greenville Highway is the natural rock outcropping from which the area took its name. The visible section of the rock on the east side of Greenville Highway is located on the north side of Village Center Drive. It is relatively flat and surrounded by open, grassy areas. The outcropping served as a ceremonial ground of the Cherokee before white settlement and functioned as a natural landmark for travelers. 46 The first recorded use of the term “Great Flat Rock” to refer to the outcropping was made by geographers in public records dating from 1807. 47 The rock areas visible on the west side of the highway have been built upon and altered. This is location of the Richard I’On Lowndes House (2661 Greenville Highway), which he called “the Rock,” and the Flat Rock Playhouse (78 Thomas Wolfe Drive). Lowndes House, ca. 1884, ca. 1960, 1970s C-B (2) 2661 Greenville Highway Currently part of the Flat Rock Playhouse complex, the two-story side-gable house was built around 1884 for Richard I’On Lowndes on land he leased from his father, Richard Henry Lowndes. The house is five bays wide on the first story and three bays wide on the second story with a one-and-a-half-story rear ell, one-story polygonal side bays, and an attached one-story hip-roof porch with a central second-story bay. Resting on a stone foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards. The porch is supported on 46 47 This attribution is recounted in Patton, 1-2, and Memminger, 5-6. “Flat Rock’s History Is Our History” BlueRidgeNow.com website (http://www.blueridgenow.com/article/20070527/NEWS/705270360; retrieved June 6 2014). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 106 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC replacement wood posts and shelters a central double-leaf entry with sidelights and a multi-light transom. The door is covered with a modern vinyl surround. The entrance is flanked by narrow jib doors surmounted by transoms, which have full-height three-panel louvered shutters. The second-story porch bay features a front-gable roof with flared eaves, decorative truss detail, turned posts, and latticework arches; the balustrade is a replacement. Each side elevation has a projecting half-hexagon bay window French doors, Mansard roof, and replacement balustrade. Two exterior brick chimneys with corbelled caps rise against the rear elevation of the main block. The rear ell began as a one-story wing with a half-story added around 1960. A single gabled dormer is located on the north side of the ell and a shed dormer is located on the south side. A one-story gable-roof mid-section connects the main house and ell to a former servants’ house [Contributing building], which has become the rear wing. The connecting block has weatherboards, two-over-two sash windows, and an attached shed-roof screened porch on the south elevation. The two-story gable-roof rear wing rests on a stone foundation and has an interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap. The wing is three bays wide with a central entrance and an attached full-width hip-roof porch on the south elevation supported on chamfered posts. The windows are six-over-six double-hung sash, and an attached one-story shed-roof entry porch has been added at the west end of the north elevation. A one-story gable-roof wing, likely built in the 1970s, projects to the north from the mid-section of the rear wing and is covered with waney-edge wood siding. This wing contains the box office for the theater and inset porch carried on metal pipe columns shelters the ticket windows. In 1884, on the south part of his father's tract, Richard I'On Lowndes (1848-1889) built this house, which he called “The Rock,” because of its location on the rock outcropping from which the community takes its name. Forty years prior to the construction of this house, Lowndes' father, South Carolina rice planter Richard Henry Lowndes (1815-1905), bought a large tract from Charles Baring containing the rectory for the Church of St. John in the Wilderness, which Lowndes renamed Diamond in the Desert (burned 1960) and used as his summer residence. Richard Henry Lowndes conveyed the property containing the younger Lowndes’ house to his grandchildren in 1902, and after several subsequent owners, Ruth and Alex K. Conrad of Aiken, South Carolina, bought the six-acre tract in 1948, renaming the house “Rockworth.” The Conrads operated a guesthouse they called The Holiday Inn, but in 1951, Ruth Conrad agreed to lease Rockworth to the Vagabond Players, a small group of actors organized by Robroy Farquhar (1911-1983) in 1936. 48 The Vagabond Players worked in a variety of places during their first few years. In 1940, the group came to Flat Rock and presented their first summer season in Rhett’s Mill, a former grist mill at the Highland Lake dam. Following a break during World War II, the Vagabond Players came back to the area, and began the Flat Rock Playhouse in 1952, under a rented big top on land leased from the Conrads. The newly formed 48 Galen Reuther, Flat Rock, Images of America Series (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2004), 19. Louise Howe Bailey, 50 Years: The Vagabond Players Celebrate 50 Years of Theatre Magic (Hendersonville, NC: Coo-Coo Enterprises, 1996), 80. Interviews with Wick Andrews and Betty Andrews Lee. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 107 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Vagabond School of the Drama, incorporated in 1952, began making offers to buy the Lowndes House property from the Conrads. The Vagabonds purchased the property for $25,000 in 1956, and launched a "Raise The Roof” campaign to build a roof over the large tent where performances were held. The Lowndes House was initially used to accommodate the summer stock actors during the season. In 1961, the North Carolina General Assembly designated the Flat Rock Playhouse as the State Theater of North Carolina. The Lowndes House continues to be used as office space, meeting rooms, and the theater box office. 49 A Children’s Theater, 48 Thomas Wolfe Drive, 1984 NC-B One-story front-gable frame structure with an attached shed-roof porch, vertical wood sheathing, and a shed-roof extension on the northeast elevation. The rear section of the building rises to contain the theater’s fly loft. B Jim Dan-Dee Hall, 52 Thomas Wolfe Drive, 1976 NC-B Resting on a concrete block foundation, the one-story front-gable frame building was built as a dining hall with a board-and-batten façade, vertical wood sheathing on the side elevations, six-over-six doublehung sash windows and single-pane fixed-sash windows, and an attached front-gable porch. A gable-roof side wing covered with board-and-batten siding projects from the southwest side of the building and has an overhanging front gable. C Flat Rock Playhouse, 78 Thomas Wolfe Drive, 1973 NC-B One-story front-gable frame theater building has board-and-batten siding and attached shed-roof porches on the façade and both side elevations. The façade beneath the front porch is covered with weatherboards and has central double-leaf entrance doors. The building is attached to a tall, side-gable, concrete block wing at the rear, which serves as the backstage area of the theater. Another tall side-gable wing containing the theater’s workshop is attached to the northeast end of the backstage wing. The workshop wing is covered with vertical wood sheathing and capped by a metal roof. D Apartments, 56 Lockard Lake Lane, 1969 NC-B Two-story side-gable frame apartment building with an engaged two-story porch and a one-story gable-roof side wing. The building rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with aluminum siding. The porch is supported on square wood posts with a cross-braced balustrade on the second story and wooden steps. Windows are typically one-over-one sash with some three-light louver windows. Commercial Building, 2003 49 Flat Rock Playhouse website (https://www.flatrockplayhouse.org/history/; accessed March 2014). NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 108 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 2682 Greenville Highway The one-story hip-roof brick-veneer structure displays a decorative roof cupola and balustrade, dentil cornice, attached partial-width side-gable porch, and nine-over-nine sash windows. The porch features a decorative front-gable bay and is carried by Tuscan columns on brick piers. The building is one of several new commercial buildings erected as part of a new development on the grounds of the 1925 Flat Rock High School. Commercial Building, 2003 NC-B 2684 Greenville Highway The one-story side-gable brick-veneer structure features a prominent front-gable center bay with stone veneer and an elliptical window in the stuccoed pediment. An engaged porch extends the full width of the façade and is supported by paired Tuscan columns on brick piers. The windows are wide, paired, six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The building is one of several new commercial buildings erected as part of a new development on the grounds of the 1925 Flat Rock High School. Commercial Building, 1965, ca. 1968 C-B 2685-2689 Greenville Highway The northern section of this one-story brick-veneer commercial building, which contains the Flat Rock Post Office, was completed in 1965 on the west side of Greenville Highway. The building features a broad front-gable bay, dentil cornices, and two curved multi-light bay windows. The main entrance is composed of a single-leaf glazed door set within a classically-inspired surround, which includes fluted pilasters, recessed sidelights, and a broken pediment. The southern wing, which was added a few years later, consists of a sidegable center section and a set back south wing and is finished with simple Colonial Revival accents including dentil cornices. The four-bay center section features two façade picture windows with replacement sash, two single-leaf entrances framed by sidelights and broken pediments, and weatherboards in the gable ends. The six-bay south wing has three single-leaf entry doors and three polygonal bay windows with replacement sash. One of the first projects undertaken by Historic Flat Rock, Inc., after it was formed in 1968, was to install landscaping to screen the building and parking lot. Commercial Building, 2003 2686 Greenville Highway NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 109 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The one-story side-gable brick-veneer structure features a prominent cross-gable wing at the south end, which has a large south-facing gabled dormer. An attached partial-width shed-roof porch is located on the west elevation and is carried by paired Tuscan columns on brick piers. The dormers and gable ends are covered with weatherboards. The side-gable section of the building contains unusual dormers on the front and rear that are composed of two gabled dormers linked by a shed dormer. The gable dormers each contain a demi-lune window, but the center shed dormer exhibits a six-over-six window with a molded surround and bull’s-eye corner blocks. The remaining windows are typically wide six-over-six double-hung sash with the exception of the dormer and south gable ends, which have twelve-light fixed sash windows and round-arch fanlights set within molded surrounds. Flat Rock High School Gymnasium, 1925, ca. 2006 NC-B 2688 Greenville Highway Substantially altered two-story brick gymnasium originally built for Flat Rock High School. Stepped parapets on the end elevation screen the bowstring-truss roof that runs the full length of the building. The north elevation contains a single-leaf sheltered by an attached shed-roof canopy and first- and second-story window openings. The south elevation has an attached front-gable porch roof supported on metal posts on an elevated brick base. A prominent two-story seven-bay flat-roof porch has been added to the west elevation, along with a decorative gable on the roof. The base of the porch is brick with segmental arch openings and the second-story is carried on boxed posts with a metal balustrade. An exterior double-run stair of concrete with brick veneer siding accesses the second-story of the porch at the north end. The building served as the gymnasium of Flat Rock High School, which was constructed in 1925. The high school remained here until 1960, when it became a junior high school. The main school building burned in 1971. The gymnasium was rehabilitated into Charleston Garden at Flat Rock, a condominium building with seven residential units. Commercial Building, 2010 NC-B 2698, 2704 Greenville Highway Two-story hip-roof commercial building composed of two separate structures linked by an open walkway and stairs. The brick-veneer building display soldier-course stringcourses and lintels, rowlock-course sills, twelve-light windows, vinyl soffits, and attached hip-roof entrance canopies supported on triangular brackets. The block to the north (#2698) features an open porch on the second story that extends to the walkway to the south wing (#2704). The porch is carried by steel posts on brick piers. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 110 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Bogin Building, Flat Rock High School, ca. 1951, ca. 1965, ca. 2006 [Photo 13] C-B 2700 Greenville Highway Originally part of the Flat Rock High School complex, the Bogin Building presents a one-story façade with a hip-roof and attached front-gable entry porch, but the building includes two set back hip-roof wings and a two-story rear elevation. The entry porch, which displays a stuccoed gable and slender columns, shelters double-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors. An uncovered brick patio extends to the west. The entrance is flanked by replacement six-over-six windows. An exterior brick chimney rises against the east elevation of the front block. The rear elevation has two single-leaf entry doors with transoms on the lower story. Window groups on the first and second stories are composed of three single-pane windows over small hopper windows. In the 2000s, the building was rehabilitated into mixed-use retail and office space as part of Singleton Centre, a commercial development. Flat Rock High School Cafeteria, ca. 1951, ca. 2006 C-B 2702 Greenville Highway Originally part of the Flat Rock High School complex, the one-story hip-roof brick building housed the cafeteria and library. The seven-bay façade is composed with a decorative center gable and attached frontgable porch framing the double-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors and sidelights. A louvered demi-lune vent is positioned in the gable above the porch, which is carried on slender columns. The entrance is flanked by three bays on either side with replacement six-over-six windows except for a single-leaf door and transom on the east side. The rear eight-bay elevation consists primarily of replacement six-over-six windows with a single-leaf entry at the west end and a single-leaf door with sidelights at east end. In the 2000s, the building was rehabilitated into mixed-use retail and office space as part of Singleton Centre, a commercial development. Peace’s General Store, ca. 1900, 2001, ca. 2004 [Photo 10] NC-B (2) 2710-2712 Greenville Highway The one-story frame commercial building is composed of three sections constructed at separate times but interconnected on the interior. The original store building is located at the north end and features a flat parapet, two recessed entrance bays with double-leaf doors, and large storefront windows over paneled bulkheads with diagonal beaded boards. An attached hip-roof canopy was built, possibly in the 1920s, when gas pumps were added in front of the building. The canopy has a beaded board ceiling and is supported by four square wood posts. The exposed north elevation features a side-gable at the rear of the building, singleleaf side entrance, original two-over-two double-hung sash window, and an attached hip-roof porch that has NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 111 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC been enclosed with a single-leaf entry door and six-over-six windows over beaded board panels. The rear section was added by two Peace brothers. It was used first as a barbershop by their brother-in-law and later converted into living quarters with a porch added on the north elevation. A commercial refrigeration unit and a brick bread oven are attached to the rear of the building. Around 1950, a small front-gable addition was built on the south elevation as a bedroom for owner Clarence Peace. The addition was removed and replaced with a new front-gable frame structure in 2004, which serves as a connector linking the original building at 2710 Greenville Highway with the later structure at 2712 Greenville Highway. The connector does not have an exterior entrance, but the façade is composed of a group of four windows, attached metal-clad canopy, and a peaked parapet. The southern part of the structure was built as a separate one-story frame commercial building in 2001, and was later connected internally to 2710 Greenville Highway. The building is covered with weatherboards and has a metal-clad gable roof with exposed rafter tails behind a peaked parapet. An attached hip-roof canopy is supported on square wood posts. The storefront has a recessed entrance with double-leaf glazed doors and storefront windows over paneled bulkheads. Each storefront window is composed a large single-pane window surmounted by two transom lights. The buildings are further connected at the rear by attached, elevated decks and porches. Standing at the intersection of Greenville Highway and Blue Ridge Road, this local landmark occupies land once known as "Mr. Farmer's Machine Shop" and "Mr. Farmer's Brick Yard." In 1900, E. J. Francis bought seventeen acres, built a store, and sold the two-acre store lot to the Peace family. Brothers Luther (1877-1943) and Melton Peace (1876-1959) operated the store in the first half of the twentieth century, and it was run by their nephew Clarence (1921-1984) until it closed in the 1980s. Peace's General Store was known throughout the community not only for gas and groceries, but also as a meeting place, a landmark for directions, and a destination for sugar-hungry children. After Clarence Peace's death and the store's closing, the property was acquired by Historic Flat Rock, Inc., who sold it with protective covenants. The Wrinkled Egg, a popular gift shop, opened in 1990 and has repainted the Coca-Cola advertising sign on the north elevation and, in 2001, constructed the new store building to the south (2712 Greenville Highway). Apartments, 1965 NC-B 2711 Greenville Highway Two-story Colonial Revival-style brick apartment building has one-story side-gable wings on either side of the main block. Containing four units, building displays a side-gable roof, vinyl siding in the gable ends and soffits, semi-engaged full-height porch, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The center block contains two units, which are accessed from paired single-leaf entry doors set within a large classical surround with flat pilasters and broken pediments. The entrances are flanked by façade picture windows composed of eight-light center sections flanked by two-over-two sash. The two side wings each contain one NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 112 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC unit and are accessed from a central single-leaf entry door sheltered by an attached shed canopy on triangular brackets. A Apartments, 2715 Greenville Highway NC-B Two-story Colonial Revival-style brick apartment building. Containing four units, the building displays a side-gable roof, semi-engaged full-height porch, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The façade has two sets of paired single-leaf entry doors set within a large classical surround with flat pilasters and broken pediments. Façade picture windows composed of eight-light center sections flanked by two-over-two sash indicate the four units of the building. The gable ends and soffits are clad with vinyl Pat Thompson’s Grocery Store, ca. 1920, ca. 1997 C-B 2720 Greenville Highway Originally built as a one-story side-gable frame house, the building was later converted to use as a store with a full-width pedimented portico that is supported by four square posts. The façade is three bay wide and exhibits replacement single-pane windows and an applied Federal-style broken pediment entry. The building is covered with weatherboards and capped by a metal roof. A large gable-roof ell extends to the rear. A small one-bay shed-roof wing is attached to the north elevation, and a side-gable has been added to the south. The structure was originally built as a house by Rufus Peace, younger half-brother of the Luther and Melton Peace, who ran Peace's General Store (2710 Greenville Highway). Rufus Peace later bought Peace's General Store, which was run by Rufus’ son, Clarence Peace. Pat Thompson converted the building to a grocery store, and it continues to be used for retail businesses. House, ca. 1940, ca. 2003 NC-B 2724 Greenville Highway Small, one-story side-gable frame house was substantially remodeled in the early 2000s for commercial use. The building has a metal roof, front-gable canopy, modern board-and-batten siding, brick-veneer side wing, and replacement doors and windows. An engaged porch carrying across the west side of the brick wing is supported on square wood posts. Shed-roof extensions to the south and east. A Storage building, ca. 2003 NC-B One-story side-gable frame storage building is covered with corrugated metal siding and capped with NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 113 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC a metal roof. It has a central single-leaf entry door covered with metal sheathing flanked by six-light wood sash windows. Commercial Building, 1968 NC-B 2730 Greenville Highway One-story frame commercial building with a tall, stepped parapet and a metal-clad front-gable roof. Resting on a stuccoed foundation, the building is covered with weatherboards. The three-bay façade features a recessed entrance bay with double-leaf glazed-and-paneled wood doors, three-part storefront windows with transoms, and an attached hip-roof canopy. The steeply sloping site exposes the basement at the rear, which houses a separate office. An attached gable-roof porch is located on the rear (east) elevation. Andrews House, ca. 1885, ca. 2010 [Photo 6] C-B 2731 Greenville Highway One-story, L-shaped, Victorian-era frame house rests on a brick foundation and is covered with weatherboards. An attached hip-roof porch is supported on square wood posts and features a spindle frieze, decorative sawn brackets, and a molded porch rail with sawn balusters. The gable ends are covered with sawtooth wood members and display semi-circular vents with cutout floral patterns. The house has an interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap, exposed sawn rafter tails, and a gable-roof rear ell with an attached hip-roof porch on the north elevation. The foundation walls and piers supporting the rear ell and porch are covered with pebbledash stucco. The rear porch is supported by turned wood posts with sawn brackets and a simple wood balustrade. Rehabilitation of the house in 2010, included replacement one-overone sash, asphalt-shingle roof, and an elevated wood deck attached at the rear of the house. With views of Glassy Mountain to the west, the property borders Ravenswood Lake. Like most of this part of Flat Rock, the land was once part of Henry Farmer’s property. The 1.25-acre tract surrounding the house was bought in 1885. The house is believed to have been built immediately thereafter. The property is best known as the home of the Andrews family, summer residents from Tryon. Mitch Andrews and son, James, ran a livery stable just north of the house that served Flat Rock's summer residents. The Andrews’s livery, which operated until 1959, provided a buggy taxi service, pleasure horses for riding, and riding lessons. By the 2000s, the house had fallen into disrepair. In 2010, Historic Flat Rock, Inc., purchased the property, rehabilitated, and sold the house to new owners with a preservation agreement.50 50 Interviews with Lewis King, Jerry King, and Judith Moore. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 114 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Braswell House, ca. 1948, ca. 1965 C-B 2741 Greenville Highway Also known as Sunbolt Cottage, the one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house was constructed around 1948, for Olive G. Braswell (1889-1996) of Rocky Mount. The house rests on a stone foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The house has a three-bay façade, two gabled dormers, interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and a six-over-six double-hung sash. The central single-leaf entry door is sheltered by an attached front-gable entry porch that is supported by both square wood posts and diagonal brackets. A flatroof frame wing was added at the rear of the house in the 1960s, which features a screened porch across the rear and is supported by brick foundation walls and wood posts. Olive G. Braswell was born in Enfield, Halifax County, North Carolina, and she graduated from nurse’s training in 1916. She had a long career working at hospitals in eastern North Carolina before retiring to Flat Rock in the 1940s as a private nurse. A nursing conference in Hendersonville had introduced her to the region. Among “Miss Ollie’s” long-term and best known patients in Flat Rock were Carl Sandburg and Mrs. Alexander King of Argyle (3110 Greenville Highway). In the early 1960s, she added the rear portion of the house for her sister, Urtie Braswell, who was a writer. Her brother Ben often used the basement apartment when he visited. Miss Braswell died at the age of 107 in 1996. The house was later sold to Richard and Adele Grimbal1 of Charleston. 51 House, 1943, ca. 1965 C-B 2760 Greenville Highway One-story Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling has a side gable roof, decorative front gable, German siding, and an attached hip-roof porch, which has been enclosed with large plate-glass windows and French doors. The house rests on a full basement with irregularly-coursed stone walls, and a substantial tapering stone chimney rises against the north elevation. The house displays an interior brick chimney, side-gable wing to the south, and six-over-six double-hung sash. A one-story L-shaped addition at the rear is covered with board-and-batten siding and is capped by a wood shake and membrane roof. The interior angle of the “L” forms a shallow porch, with an enclosed room extending to the north. The house has been converted for commercial use. 51 Interview with David Christenbury (Olive Braswell’s nephew). Hendersonville Times-News (September 13, 1996). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 115 Commercial Building, 1971 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 2770 Greenville Highway One-story side-gable frame commercial building houses a convenience store, deli, and beauty parlor. Resting on a concrete block foundation, the building is covered with plywood sheathing and has one-overone sash. An engaged full-width porch is supported by bracketed posts. A side-gable wing to the south is an enclosed screened porch. The Little Hill, 1934 C-B 2771 Greenville Hwy The modest two-story Colonial Revival-style frame house is built on a raised fieldstone basement and is covered with wood shingles. The asymmetrical five-bay façade features an exterior brick chimney, decorative front gable, and a projecting front-gable bay. An attached one-story shed-roof porch is supported by square wood posts and shelters a single-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry door. The house has a cross-gable roof, two-story rear ell, inset rear corner porch, and six-over-six double-hung sash throughout. The rear ell contains two garage bays on the first story, and a gable-roof servants’ porch is attached to the rear of the ell at the second story. The servants’ porch, which provided access to the servants’ quarters in the rear ell, displays square wood posts and a shingled balustrade. The plan positions the breakfast room, dining room, main stair hall, and living room across the front of the house, with the garage, kitchen, and a servants’ stair located at the rear. The living room, at the north end of the house, opens onto the inset corner porch with a flagstone pathway and wisteria arbor leading to the guest house. The arbor was an original feature of the architect’s design. The second floor was designed with only two bedrooms and a large dormitory that opened onto a rear sleeping porch. Two servants’ bedrooms were on the second floor of the rear wing, over the garage. Twenty-three acres of land were purchased for The Little Hill from the estate of Henry Farmer in 1907 by Henry Rutledge Laurens (1847-1915) of Charleston. The land had been the site of one of the oldest inns in the region, the King’s Tavern. It was often referred to simply as the “Old Inn” and was part of the Woodfield Inn property (see 265 Woodfield Inn Drive) until Mr. Laurens’ purchase. The land and inn site had been part of a 400-acre tract granted to D. Miller in 1795. The Old Inn was a popular stopping place after the arduous climb into the mountains along the Old State Road from the midlands or lowlands of South Carolina. The site of the Old Inn is thought to be in the front field bordering Greenville Highway between The Little Hill’s main entry and the entry to Woodfield Inn. All that is left of the inn is the original stone spring. While Henry Rutledge Laurens bought the property in 1907, he did not choose to build a residence on the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 116 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC property. Laurens spent ten years studying music in Germany following the Civil War and married late in life. Henry and his wife Charlotte Hume Simons had eight children from 1886 to 1898. By the time he purchased the Flat Rock property at the age of 60, he did not have the energy or the enthusiasm to build a summer house that would accommodate his large family. The land was purchased from the seven other siblings of Laurens’ estate in the early 1930s by his eldest son, Henry Laurens (1886-1978), of Charleston, and his wife, Dorothea Dexter Laurens (1898-1967), of New Haven, Connecticut. At the time, they and their three sons were living in New Orleans, where Dr. Laurens was head of the Department of Physiology at Tulane University. The plans for a new summer retreat were completed in 1933 and the current house and outbuildings constructed in 1934. The architect was J. Herndon Thomas, Dean of the School of Architecture at Tulane University. Mrs. Laurens loved the simple shingle cottages she had known on the beach at Pine Orchard, Connecticut, and had the house designed without the typical large windows, eaves, and porches more representative of summer dwellings in the South. The daily Flat Rock afternoon showers of July and August require the residents to make hurried last minute dashes in order to close the small windows. After seventy years, the house remains without air conditioning. The Laurens’ caretakers, who worked with local masons, horse drawn scrapers, and hand labor, laid out the grounds and white gravel roads on the property. The hemlock hedge around the cutting flower garden at the south end of the residence and the large white pine and hemlocks lining the roadways and fields were all transplanted from the surrounding forest. The forest begins behind the main residence’s west elevation and slopes down to Ravenswood Lake at the rear of the property. John Laurens, II and his wife Helen purchased the house and grounds from the estate of his parents. Dr. Laurens’ children now use the house. A Tractor Shed, 1934 C-B One-story frame shed with three open bays, board-and-batten siding, and a metal shed roof. B Wood Shed, 1934 C-B One-story shed-roof outbuilding is covered with board-and-batten siding and capped by a metal roof on exposed rafters. The structure has two bays with an attached wing containing a chicken house. The chicken house features a clipped gable roof and a row of screened openings below the eaves. C Spring, ca. 1850 C-S The spring, which was the original spring for the Old Inn in the nineteenth century, stands on the north side of the entrance drive and consists of a basin carved from a solid piece of local granite. Rough granite slabs surround the basin. D Gazebo, 1934 C-S NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 117 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Small, octagonal, wood-frame gazebo is located in the northeast section of the property near the spring. Resting on concrete block piers, the structure has chamfered wood posts, simple wood balustrade, and a wood shake roof. E Guest House, 2769 Greenville Highway, 1934 C-B A small one-story frame cottage located to the north of the main house is accessed by a flag stone walk and wisteria arbor from the main house. Covered with wood shingles, the side-gable dwelling is three bays wide and features a stone foundation, cornice returns, six-over-six double-hung sash, and an attached front-gable entry porch. The guest house consists of two rooms joined by an entryway and shared bath. F Caretakers House, 2773 Greenville Highway, 1934 C-B Located in the southern part of the property and southwest of the main house, the caretaker’s house is a one-story side-gable frame dwelling with a rear ell and enclosed shed-roof porch at the southwest corner. The house sits on a stone foundation and is covered with German siding. It exhibits exposed rafter tails, six-over-six double-hung sash, and an attached front-gable entry porch, which is carried on square wood posts. The porch foundation is brick piers with stone infill and joins a stone terrace that extends to the north along the façade. Maple Knoll Apartments, 1930, 1960s C-B 2780 Greenville Highway A four-building apartment complex is organized around the large one-story house located at the center of the 1.3-acre property. The broad front gable of the brick-veneer dwelling is intersected by three side gables on either side of the roof, and the gable ends are covered with board-and-batten siding. The house features a deep, inset porch carried on brick piers, two single-leaf entry doors on the façade, interior brick chimney, and an attached single-bay garage wing, which is entered through a glazed-and-paneled wooden overhead door. The windows are typically multi-light wood-frame casements on the façade and east elevation. The west elevation, which may have originally been open porches, contain aluminum-frame jalousie and casement windows that were added in the 1960s. A Apartment building, ca. 1954 C-B Located at the north end of the property, the one-story two-unit frame building is clad with vinyl siding and capped by an asphalt-shingle side-gable roof. An attached full-width shed-roof porch is carried on square wood posts and metal pipe columns. The building has an interior brick chimney, two single-leaf entry doors on the façade, and six-over-six double-hung sash. A stone wall extends across the front of building just beyond the porch. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 118 B Apartment building, ca. 1956 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B Located immediately south of the one-story apartment building, is a two-story flat-roof stuccoed building that appears to contain six apartments. The building has an attached shed-roof two-tier porch, exterior stairs on the north elevation sheltered by the overhanging roof, and a set back side wing to the south. The porch is supported by stuccoed piers and has a solid balustrade on the first story and a simple wood balustrade on the second story. An enclosed first-story porch bay presents a picture window sheltered by a pent roof. The first-story windows are typically aluminum-frame sash with horizontal muntins, and the second-story windows are multi-light metal-frame casements. An exterior stair rises against the south elevation to a small balcony and single-leaf entry door for the second-story apartment located in the side wing. C Apartment building, 1968 NC-B Located at the south end of the complex, the one-story side-gable stuccoed building features an engaged full-width porch, decorative pyramidal-roof cupola, board-and-batten siding in the gable ends, and jalousie windows. The porch is carried on concrete block piers that combine solid and decorative pierced blocks. A small utility room is attached to the north elevation D Storage shed, ca. 1954 C-B A one-story pyramidal-roof frame storage building stands to the southeast of the main house. Covered with weatherboards, the structure has six-light wood-sash casements on the side elevations and an engaged wraparound porch supported by square wood posts. E Pavilion, ca. 1970 NC-S Standing at the front of the property near Greenville Highway, the pavilion is a one-story gable-roof open shelter. The roof structure is carried on square wood posts that rest on a low, painted, concrete block perimeter wall. House, 1954 C-B 2792 Greenville Highway This modest one-story, hip-roof, frame Ranch house rests on a concrete block foundation and is clad with vinyl siding. The house features an interior brick chimney, polygonal bay window with an aluminum awning, and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. A concrete patio carries across the full width of the façade and wraps around the north side where it abuts a projecting one-bay hip-roof wing. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 119 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Campbell King Jr. House, 1949, ca. 1996, ca. 2010 NC-B 2800 Greenville Highway The one-story, U-shaped, frame Ranch house appears to have been enlarged in the late 1990s with additions to the southeast. The house features interior stone chimneys, waney-edge wood siding, exposed rafter tails, and replacement one-over-one and casement windows. An attached front-gable entry porch is supported on log posts with log brackets and decorative stickwork in the gable end. An attached shed-roof screened porch and an open gable-roof on the southeast elevation are similarly finished. The screened porch has a solid balustrade covered with waney-edge wood siding while the open porch has a balustrade composed of log rails and twig balusters. The house was built in 1949 for Alexander Campbell King Jr. (1922-1995), the son of Campbell and Greta King, who resided in the house at 2820 Greenville Highway. King’s mother, Greta Grimshawe King, was the daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Grimshawe, who owned the adjacent Five Oaks (2810 Greenville Highway) from 1911 to the early 1930s. Following Campbell King’s death in 1995, the house was sold to the Blackwell family, the current owners. A Guest House, 1996 NC-B Located to the north of the main house, the guest house is a one-story front-gable frame dwelling with an integrated garage bay accessed on the façade. The building displays plywood sheathing, waneyedged wood siding in the gable ends, glazed French doors, and one-over-one windows. An attached shedroof porch is located at the rear of the dwelling. B Shed, ca. 1996 NC-B A one-story, front-gable frame building is located on the northern edge of the property. The building has a metal roof, exposed rafter tails, weatherboards, and double-leaf glazed-and-panel entry doors. C Swimming pool, 2010 NC-S An in-ground swimming pool was constructed to the south of the house surrounded by a concrete patio and serpentine stone retaining walls. D Pool House, 2010 NC-B A one-story frame pool house stands at the east end of the pool deck and features an asymmetrical front-gable roof with the extended south slope of the roof holding solar panels. Robert Withers Memminger House, 1888 [Photo 8] C-B (2) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 120 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 2810 Greenville Highway The imposing two-story front-gable Queen Anne style house rests on a stone foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The house features an interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap, projecting hip-roof bays and polygonal wings, and an attached one-story wraparound hip-roof porch. The porch has a central second-story bay on the façade above the main entrance. A secondary front-gable bay is located on the west elevation and has flush board sheathing in the gable end. The porch is carried on turned posts with decorative sawn brackets and a wood balustrade with turned balusters. The porch roof beneath the second-story bay projects forward to shelter an extended landing that is approached by steps from either side. The porch shelters a broad single-leaf entry door, which is framed by paneled sidelights and a wide segmental-arch transom. Narrow glazed-and-paneled jib doors open onto the porch on the first story and are surmounted by peaked lintels. A single-leaf door opens onto the second-story porch bay. Windows in the main part of the house are two-over-two double-hung sash and display a similar peaked hood. The eaves feature sawn bargeboards, decorative sawn rafter tails, and scalloped fascia boards. A two-story hip-roof porch is attached at the rear of the house, but it has been enclosed on the first story. A one-story cross-gable wing was added in the 1990s at the southeast corner of the house and connects to the rear porch. The wing has an asphaltshingle roof, stuccoed foundation, weatherboards, and six-over-six windows. A one-story gable-roof wing extending to the rear was originally a detached kitchen building [Contributing building] that was later connected to the house. It displays a pressed-tin shingle roof, weatherboards, six-over-six sash, and an interior brick chimney. An attached shed-roof porch carries along the east elevation of the rear ell and is supported on square wood posts with a solid, beaded-board balustrade. Known as Five Oaks, this house was built on seven acres of land in 1888 as a summer house by Robert Withers Memminger and his wife, Susan Mazyck Memminger, on land acquired from the Farmer, Ripley, and Patton families (Deed 241/445). Memminger (1839-1901), the eldest son of Christopher G. Memminger, was a Charleston minister and author of several essays on religion, including "What is Religion?: A Protest against the Spirit of the Age;” “A Plea for the Reality of the Supernatural," published in 1872; and "Present Issues; or, Facts Observable in the Consciousness of the Age," published in 1873. As the son of C. G. Memminger, he had spent his childhood summers in Flat Rock at Rock Hill (see 554 Carl Sandburg Lane). His 1878 article, "Reflections of a Recluse," claims to transcribe discourses from an old mountaineer in western North Carolina. After his father's death, Memminger and two of his siblings each built a Flat Rock summerhouse. After Memminger's death in 1901, his widow kept the house until 1911, when it was purchased by Englishman Thomas Grimshawe and his wife Elizabeth. The Grimshawes named the place Five Oaks and used it as their year-round residence until 1930, when it was given to their daughter Greta and her husband, Campbell King. Grimshawe lost a considerable amount of money, mostly in railroad stock, in the stock market crash of 1929. The house served as a boarding house during the Depression, first for women only and, later, men NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 121 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC lived on the second floor. Male boarders were not allowed on the first floor but reached their second floor quarters by an exterior stair at the back. Greta and Campbell King sold Five Oaks in 1940, and from 1940 to 1985 the house was used as a summer residence by a number of owners. After extensive renovation, including reconstruction of the front stairs to match early photographs, it opened in 1993 as the Flat Rock Inn. The house originally had a metal shingle roof and several outbuildings, as well as a red clay tennis court to the south (see 2820 Greenville Highway). A Cottage, 2001 NC-B One-story front-gable frame dwelling with a shed-roof extension on the southeast side. The small structure is covered with weatherboards and has a metal-clad roof, single-leaf entry door, and six-over-six double-hung sash. Grimshawe House, 1938, ca. 2000 NC-B 2820 Greenville Highway The eclectic Rustic Revival-style Grimshawe House appears to have been built on part of the Five Oaks property (see 2810 Greenville Highway), which was owned by Thomas and Elizabeth Grimshawe from 1911 to 1930. The Grimshawes gave the property as a wedding gift to their daughter Greta and her husband, Alexander Campbell King Sr. The Kings sold Five Oaks in 1940 and moved into this house, which was a modest one-story side-gable dwelling with a set back side wing. It features a stone foundation, waney-edge hemlock siding that was cut on the property, wood frame casement windows, and a stone chimney on the façade. The oak flooring on the interior was acquired from a sawmill owner in exchange for hemlock from the property. The concrete ramp to the front entrance was poured over the patio to accommodate Greta King’s wheelchair. The two-story L-shaped rear addition was built around 2000 by the current owners. The gable-roof wing extends to the rear (northeast) from the side wing and features rough-cut wood siding, exposed rafter tails, single-pane windows, and a two-tiered screen porch. Around the house are features related to Five Oaks when it was in use before the property was divided. In a bamboo patch east of the Grimshawe House are the foundation remnants of a caretaker's house, which was abandoned after the caretaker died in 1930. The gravel parking area to the northwest of the house was laid atop the tennis court originally associated with Five Oaks. The Grimshawe House was later owned by postmaster Julia Bell. It is currently owned by Bell’s daughter and her husband, Pam and David Tankersley. House, 1976 2911 Greenville Highway NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 122 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Two-story neo-traditional gambrel roof frame house sits back from the road and is fronted by an expansive grass lawn. Clad with vinyl siding, the house features two gabled front dormers, attached fullwidth shed-roof porch, and a one-story gable-roof connector that links the house with a front-gambrel garage wing. The two-bay garage is entered through metal overhead doors. Windows throughout are six-over-six double-hung sash, but a multi-light picture window is located on the front elevation of the connector wing. A Garage, 1976 NC-B A one-story one-bay front-gable frame garage is located in front of the house and appears to have been converted for use as a guest house or rental cottage. Clad with vinyl siding, the building has a replacement metal roof, decorative cupola with louvered side panels, replacement six-over-six windows, and an open shed extension to the west. The garage bay opening contains double-leaf ledged-and-braced wood doors. The Wigwam, 1890 C-B 2921 Greenville Highway The one-and-a-half-story, side-gable frame house is covered with weatherboards and features two shed dormers flanking a decorative front gable. It rests on a stone pier foundation with stucco infill. The façade is three bays wide with one exterior and two interior brick chimneys, twelve-over-twelve double-hung sash, and an attached hip-roof porch carried on square wood posts. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door framed with sidelights and a transom. The window in the front gable is nine-over-nine sash and the dormers contain paired eight-light casements. A one-story shed-roof wing projects from the east (side) elevation. A similar wing on the west elevation is flanked by screened porches. A covered breezeway connecting to the rear (south) screened porch links the house with the former kitchen/caretaker’s cottage, which is now used as a guest house. The former kitchen/caretaker’s cottage is a one-story, front-gable frame structure resting on a stone pier foundation. The building is covered with weatherboards and exhibits an interior brick chimney, six-over-six double-hung windows, and an attached front-gable porch with square wood posts and a crossbraced balustrade. A gable-roof addition with exposed rafter tails projects from the rear with an open shed extension attached to the addition. The Wigwam was built in 1890 by Edward Porter Alexander (1835-1910), a distinguished military officer and businessman well known for his military memoirs. Born in Washington, Georgia, to a prominent family, Alexander became a cadet at West Point in 1853, and later served on the faculty. In 1859, he assisted Major Albert J. Myer, the first U.S. Army Signal Officer, in developing "wig-wag" communications, an early form of semaphore. This system of waving a flag by day and torches by night to transmit military messages became an important component of Civil War communications. In 1861, at the start of the Civil War, Alexander resigned from the U.S. Army to join the Confederate Army. He served as signal officer attached NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 123 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC to General P. G. T. Beauregard's staff at the First Battle of Bull Run, and Alexander used the new wig-wag system to warn Confederate troops of Union movements. He eventually rose to the rank of brigadier general in the Confederate army. 52 After the war, Alexander taught at the University of South Carolina and invested heavily in railroads, becoming an officer with several companies including executive superintendent of the Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad, vice president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, president of the Central Railroad and Banking Company of Georgia, director of the Union Pacific Railroad, and president of the Savannah and Memphis Railroad. Alexander and his wife Betty J. Mason (1835-1899) owned houses in Columbia, Louisville, Augusta, and Savannah, as well as rice plantations near Georgetown, South Carolina. They bought a small parcel of the Farmer's Hotel property in Flat Rock in 1890. According to family tradition, Alexander drew the plans for a house and asked Matthew Singleton Farmer to build it for June occupancy. It is not known how he selected the name “The Wigwam.” His granddaughter speculated that the name reflected its unpretentiousness compared to the other great summer houses in Flat Rock. His writings show that wigwams had pleasant connotations for him. In his memoirs he wrote of running away when he was nine years old; he stole two biscuits, took a shotgun, and went deep into the woods of his family's plantation. He wrote, "There a man could build a wigwam and live a good life, keeping himself by trapping and shooting." 53 In 1892, Alexander retired from the Savannah and Memphis Railroad to become a full time planter. At the request of the U. S. government he also spent months at a time in Nicaragua, handling boundary arbitration between Nicaragua and Costa Rica. He left Nicaragua in October 1899 to be with his wife, who was ill, and after her death in November, he withdrew to his rice plantation on South Island near Georgetown. The next year, his daughter Lucy Roy Alexander Craig died. During his career as a railroad and banking executive, Alexander enjoyed writing historical articles, and he had been working on his recollections of the Civil War for his family. He was now determined to start fresh and write a scholarly account for a larger audience. He started writing his book, Military Memoirs of a Confederate: a Critical Narrative of the War Between the States, at The Wigwam in 1902. Published in 1907, his book was hailed as a scholarly but personal narrative account. He retired to South Island, and spent his remaining summers at The Wigwam until his death in 1910, in Savannah. The property passed to the Alexanders’ daughter Bessie 52 Frank L. Fitzsimons, From the Banks of the Oklawaha, Vol. 3 (Hendersonville, NC: Golden Glow Publishing Company, 1979), 30-31. 53 Ibid., 31-33. Alexander and Hillhouse Family Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 124 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A. Ficklen, and their children continue to enjoy the Flat Rock house. 54 In 1917, Bessie, by then widowed and living in New Orleans, bought a sliver of land along the northern boundary, between the The Wigwam and Idlewild properties. She bought the property, which had fifteen feet of frontage on Greenville Highway, from Alfred and Margaret Huger, who owned Idlewild (74 Idlewild Lane). In 1928, Bessie Ficklen built a new summer house on her property. The driveway to The Wigwam continued on to the Ficklen House (2924 Greenville Highway) and became a deeded right-of-way when the property was divided into two parcels. A Garage, ca. 1995 NC-B One-story side-gable frame garage located to the southeast of the house. The building rests on a stuccoed foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The two-bay structure has overhead garage doors, three-over-one double-hung sash, and three-light windows in the upper gable ends. Ficklen House, 1928, ca. 1948, 1950s C-B 2925 Greenville Highway Immediately west of The Wigwam (2921 Greenville Highway) is the Ficklen House, also known as Road’s End. The house is accessed from a shared dirt driveway. An arch in a high hedge leads to a small boxwood garden and the two-story, T-plan frame house, which is covered with waney-edge weatherboards. The front-gable façade is the bottom of the “T” and the house features interior brick chimneys, exposed rafter tails, and six-over-six double-hung sash. Granite steps lead to a hip-roof wraparound porch with a cross-braced balustrade. A one-story shed-roof wing on the east elevation contains a dining room and rests on a fieldstone foundation. A one-story shed-roof wing projecting to the rear enlarged the kitchen by adding a breakfast room. A one-story gable-roof wing extending from the southeast corner of the house includes a two-car garage and a workshop and storage area. On the interior the front door opens into a living room with a large stone fireplace and chestnut walls; dentil crown molding was added by William and Lucille Walker. The dining room wing was created in about 1948 by William Walker from what had been a one-car garage with a dirt floor. The unusual cypress French doors and windows in the dining room with stacked circular panes were originally part of the Botanical Gardens Building at the 1939 New York World's Fair and were given to the Walkers by a friend. The Walkers collected the items from storage in Georgia and designed the dining room walls to accommodate the doors and windows. A photograph of the Botanical Gardens Building is on display in the dining room. In the 1950s William Walker extended the porch and added the rear kitchen wing and breakfast room. 54 Gary W. Gallagher, ed., Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Reflections of General Edward Porter Alexander (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 6-7 and 214. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 125 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The Ficklen House was built in 1928 by Bessie Mason Alexander Ficklen (1861-1945), daughter of Edward Porter Alexander, who built The Wigwam. In 1886, she married John Rose Ficklen (1858-1907), a professor of history at Tulane University. Like so many of Flat Rock's summer places, The Wigwam overflowed with family during the summer, so she built this house for her own use when The Wigwam was filled with grandchildren. Bessie Ficklen was an accomplished puppeteer, who taught puppetry and developed improved methods of puppet construction, including more durable heads. In 1935, she published her book, A Handbook of Fist Puppets. The house was later owned for a short time by Reuben Robertson, who owned neighboring Sherwood (365 Sherwood Drive). In 1943, Walter and Lucile Gillican of New Orleans bought the house for use as a summer place. The Gillicans had spent summers in the area since the 1910s, though their association with the area was through Kanuga, when it was a private club and resort community popular among New Orleans visitors. Their daughter Lucile Gillican Walker (1910-2002) and her husband William Quealy Walker (19061988) of New Orleans spent a number of summers with her parents here. When Mrs. Gillican decided to sell the house and travel in Europe with her grandchildren, the Walkers bought the house. It remains in the family today, continuing to be used as a summer house. The name was changed to Road’s End because visitors frequently stopped at The Wigwam instead of traveling to the road’s end. A Cabin, ca. 1950 C-B One-story side-gable frame cabin is located in a wooded area to the southeast of the house. The building resembles a summer camp cabin with board-and-batten siding, concrete block pier foundation, exposed rafter tails, and screened openings that can be secured with top-hinged wood shutters. A singleleaf glazed-and-paneled entry door is positioned at the end of the façade and is reached by concrete steps. B Shed, ca. 1950 C-S Small one-story front-gable frame shed is located directly adjacent to the garage. The structure rests on a concrete foundation and is covered with weatherboards. It is entered through a single-leaf wood door. Tanglewood, ca. 1925, 1951 C-B 2991 Greenville Highway The one-story Rustic Revival-style house is constructed of square-cut, saddle-notched chestnut logs with an engaged full-width shed-roof porch supported by stripped-bark log posts. The house rests on a stone foundation and is capped by an asphalt-shingle side-gable roof. In 1951, the back wall of the house was removed and a brick-veneer rear addition was constructed containing a den and bedroom; the removed logs were used to make paneling for the den. The three-bay façade features a central single-leaf entrance flanked NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 126 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC by paired six-over-six double-hung windows. The porch floor has slate pavers that cover the original river rock pavers. On the interior, a large stone fireplace with a six-foot wide opening dominates the front room. The house occupies a densely wooded 3.39-acre parcel, which retains its naturalistic landscaping. Stone pillars mark the driveway entrance at Greenville Highway, and the tree-lined drive has stone curb and gutters. The driveway terminates with a loop in front of the house. McMillan C. King, grandson of Judge Mitchell King of Argyle, built Tanglewood as a summer house. After the death of his wife, Laura, in 1938, King winterized the house and used it as his year-round residence until his death about 1951. Gordon McCabe, Carter Henry, and others bought the property and held it for about three years to protect the land from proposed commercial development. Nina and Richard Todd purchased the property in 1954 and it has been used as a year-round residence since that time. 55 A Garage, ca. 1925, ca. 1970 C-B One-story, two-bay front-gable garage constructed of saddle-notched logs. The building is capped by an asphalt-shingle roof with exposed rafter tails. The garage bays are entered through modern metal overhead doors. B Log Building, ca. 1925 C-B One-story single-pen storage building is constructed of saddle-notched logs one a stone foundation and is capped by an asphalt-shingle front-gable roof. The building has exposed rafter tails and is entered through a single-leaf five-panel entry door. C Smokehouse, ca. 1925 C-S One-story board-and-batten frame structure with a front-gable roof, plank door, and a square opening in the front gable end is located at the rear of the log storage building. D Servants’ House, ca. 1925 C-B One-story, side-gable frame dwelling was used a servant’s quarters. The building, which is covered with German siding, exhibits a brick foundation, exposed rafter tails, two single-leaf five-panel entry doors and two-over-two double-hung windows. An attached shed-roof porch shelters the two entrances and is supported by square wood posts. E Cow Barn, ca. 1925 C-B One-story side-gable frame barn with a single stall. The building is covered with weatherboards and displays exposed rafter tails, vented upper stall wall, single-leaf four-panel door to workroom, and a twopanel half door leading into the cow stall. 55 Interview with Nina Todd. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 127 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC F Barn, ca. 1925 C-B Somewhat deteriorated, the two-story board-and-batten frame barn presents a narrow front-gable façade with decorative lattice in the upper gable end and double-leaf wood barn doors. The barn has sixover-one double-hung windows on the second story. G Gateposts, ca. 1925 C-O Square stone pillars with granite caps mark the entrance from Greenville Highway to the unpaved, drive that leads to the house. Henry-Churchill Cottage, ca. 1962, ca. 1985 NC-B 3031 Greenville Highway The original house is a small one-story, side-gable frame dwelling with an exterior stone end chimney, board-and-batten siding, three-over-one double-hung sash, and a projecting front-gable screened porch supported on log posts. A gable-roof carport projects at the rear of the house, likely a post-1980 addition. Second owner Howard Churchill enlarged the house in the 1980s with the addition of a one-story L-shaped wing that more than doubled the size of the original structure. The wing, which rests on a concrete block foundation and is capped by an asphalt-shingle roof, is similarly finished with board-and-batten siding, exposed rafter tails, and three-over-one double-hung windows. The original house was built around 1962, in part, for use as a guest house by Carter and Patricia Henry of Greenville, South Carolina, who owned Embrook (93 Embrook Lake Drive) across the road. After the death of owner McMillan King, who also owned neighboring Tanglewood (2991 Greenville Highway), the land and adjoining property were threatened with commercial development, including mobile home trailers, a motel, and a filling station. Carter Henry and several others bought the property to protect it. Howard B. Churchill rented the house before buying it in 1968, and later added the ell. A Shed, ca. 1962 C-B One-story single-pen shed enclosed on three sides and covered with board-and-batten siding. The structure is constructed with peeled log corner posts and a metal roof on exposed rafters. B Well House, ca. 1985 NC-S The gable-roof well covering is set close to the ground and caps the well. It has asphalt shingles and wood sheathing on the gable ends. House, 1951 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 128 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 3081 Greenville Highway One-story side-gable frame dwelling rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with rough-cut wood siding. It features a front-gable wing, interior brick chimney, attached shed-roof porch, and two-overtwo double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. Historically this house was associated with the Tall Trees property (3111 Greenville Highway) and was built by William J. Urquhart in 1951. A Garage, 1951 C-B A detached one-story hip-roof garage is clad with German siding and the single garage bay is entered through a metal overhead door. An open, metal-roof shed projects to the side of the building and is supported on slender metal posts. House, 1951, ca. 1967, ca. 2005 NC-B 3101 Greenville Highway The original one-story side-gable frame house was remodeled by later owners with a two-story frontgable wing, vinyl siding, and replacement windows. A one-story front-gable screened porch was constructed in front of the two-story wing sometime after 2005. Historically this house was associated with the Tall Trees property (3111 Greenville Highway) and was built by William J. Urquhart in 1951. It was purchased by the Cagle family in 1967 and subsequently remodeled and enlarged. A Shed, ca. 1967, 2011 NC-B A detached one-story front-gable frame garage with a concrete block foundation was recently remodeled with plywood sheathing. Argyle, 1830, ca. 1847, ca. 1911 C-B 3110 Greenville Highway Built for Judge Mitchell King of Charleston, South Carolina, Argyle is situated at the southern end of the district on the east side of the Greenville Highway, now bordered by residential subdivisions on what was once part of its large acreage. The two-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house presents a five-bay façade with two-bay set back wings extending to either side. One of the earliest summer places in Flat Rock, the center block of Argyle is the oldest part, but dates only to 1830-1831 as identified in Judge King’s correspondence with contractor Charles Barnett; the wings were added around 1847. 56 An engaged two-story 56 Terry Ruscin, Hendersonville & Flat Rock: An Intimate Tour (Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2007), 20. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 129 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC porch carries across the full extent of the house, although it has collapsed at the two northern bays of the main block and where it wraps around to the north wing. The porch, a twentieth-century alteration of the original porch, is carried on Tuscan columns with a wood balustrade. Resting on a stone foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards except for flush-board sheathing on the façade that is sheltered by the porch. The house features interior brick chimneys, three gabled front dormers, decorative sawn eave brackets, and sawtooth shingles on the porch ends. The central single-leaf entry door is framed with fluted pilasters, four-light transom, and molded entablature. The first-story openings have glazed-and-paneled single-leaf jib doors with a nine-light transom above. Each opening can be secured with slender four-panel wood shutters. The second-story façade windows appear to be composed of nine lights over two panels with louvered shutters. The façade of this once stately house has become substantially deteriorated. On the rear elevation, the two side wings project beyond the main block of the house resulting in a Ushape configuration. An attached one-story flat-roof porch supported on six Tuscan columns shelters the inner section with a second-story three-bay porch. Windows on the side and rear elevations consist of nineover-nine and six-over-six double-hung sash and eight-light casements. The single-leaf rear entry door and three flanked windows are topped by two-light transoms. A single gabled dormer is located at the center of the rear roof slope. In 1830, Virginia-born John Davis, a colonel in the War of 1812, owned property with a house and sawmill on the Buncombe Turnpike at Flat Rock. On October 12 of that year, Judge Mitchell King, prominent lawyer, judge, and railroad speculator from Charleston, purchased approximately 1,400 acres of land in Flat Rock from Davis, “including the dwelling in which I now reside, the offices, saw mills, and all other dwellings and improvements.” 57 Judge King was actively involved in seeking a rail connection from Charleston to the Midwest, and he was among the group of men, including Charles Baring, Daniel Blake, Frederick Rutledge, and Henry McAlpin, who are considered the founders of the Flat Rock summer colony. Judge King added other tracts to his holdings until he owned several thousand acres in what is now Henderson County. As its largest landowner, Judge King played a pivotal role in the decision over the location of the county seat in the new Henderson County, which was founded in 1841. King donated fifty acres for the town’s placement near the center of the county, closer to Flat Rock’s summer residents. After Judge King’s death in Flat Rock in 1862, a life estate in Argyle went to his two daughters, who were succeeded in ownership by their nephew, Judge Alexander King. The estate later passed to Judge Alexander King’s son, Alexander King, and then to his grandson, Alexander Campbell King Jr. The present appearance of Argyle is the result of its evolution through the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Judge King enlarged the original block of the house with the side wings around 1847, and the porch had a distinctly different appearance. The original porch established the two-story form that carried 57 Patton, 15. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 130 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC across the full length of the façade, but the first story bays were filled with latticework and lancet arch openings. The Gothic Revival-style porch was popular in Flat Rock at the time with similar examples found at Diamond in the Desert (ca. 1846, no longer standing) and Many Pines (1847, 589 Highland Lake Drive). The rear section of the house was remodeled beginning around 1911, when the two-story porch was redesigned and two additional dormers were added to the front of the house. Local tradition holds that the work executed in the 1910s, which gave Argyle its Colonial Revival style appearance, was designed by Asheville architect Richard Sharp Smith. The house, numerous outbuildings, and surrounding land remain in King family ownership today. Argyle is the only early property in Flat Rock to remain in the family of its original builder. Several Flat Rock summer places were once a part of the Argyle property and later owned by Judge Mitchell King's descendants. A Library Cottage, ca. 1830 NC-B A fire in the 1990s destroyed good portion of the one-story hip-roof frame structure, which stands southeast of the main house. The building has a metal roof, weatherboard siding, and a roof extension with decorative scroll brackets that forms a front porch. It is overgrown and in a deteriorated state. B Servants’ House, 3112 Greenville Highway, ca. 1880 C-B Two-story side-gable frame residence for servants with a one-story side wing is covered with weatherboards and capped with standing-seam metal roof. Resting on a stone foundation, the house has a three-bay façade and is two rooms deep; the side wing has a two-bay façade and is one-room deep. The façade is asymmetrically arranged with a single-leaf entry door sheltered by a pent roof and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The structure is somewhat deteriorated and overgrown C Garage, ca. 1920 C-B Located behind the servants’ house to the northeast, the garage is one-story side-gable frame structure with a metal roof and weatherboard siding. It is badly overgrown. D Guest House, 3116 Greenville Highway, ca. 1880 NC-B The one-story hip-roof frame dwelling is overgrown and deteriorated. The dwelling has a metal roof, weatherboard siding, interior brick chimney, and two-over-two windows. E Greenhouse, ca. 1911 C-B The greenhouse consists of a one-story pyramidal-roof frame structure that is connected to a long side-gable stone wing. The weatherboarded building is deteriorated and overgrown. The greenhouse wing has large plate-glass windows, exposed rafters, fiberglass roof panels, and a single-leaf door at the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 131 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC southeast end. The entrance walk leading to entrance of the frame section is lined with boxwoods. F Tractor Barn, ca. 1911 C-B One-story five-bay frame barn with a metal-clad gable roof, flush-board siding set vertically on the long sides and horizontally on the gable ends, open shed-roof additions on the north and east sides supported on log poles, and exposed rafter ends. G Barn, ca. 1911 C-B Long, one-story gable-roof barn sits on a stone foundation and is covered with board-and-batten siding. The center-passage structure is entered on the narrow end and features a metal roof, exposed rafters, and six-light windows. H Stable, ca. 1880 NC-B One-story gable-roof frame building is badly deteriorated with a partially collapsed roof. The building is clad with vertical wood siding and the metal roofing covered original wood shakes. I Stable, ca. 1880 C-B Tall one-story front-gable frame stable is located to the rear, and set perpendicular, to the other stable building. The building is clad with vertical wood siding and has horizontal wood slats covering the gable ends. The roof is wood shakes. A ladder attached to the front of the building rises adjacent to the firststory passage opening and accesses the slatted loft door. The building is structurally intact but deteriorating. J Barn, ca. 1911 C-B An unusual, narrow, two-story frame barn exhibits a front-gable roof, wood shingle siding, and an enclosed one-story shed-roof side wing. The first story is entered through double-leaf wood doors on both the main block and shed extension. A single-leaf solid wood door with strap hinges opens into the second story from the exterior, although there is no visible means of access. K Corn crib, ca. 1911 NC-B Located near the tall barn, the roof of the one-story frame crib appears to have been removed from the vented structure of horizontal wood slats, which stands a short distance away. The roof structure displays a metal roof, flush-board siding, and front and rear openings. L Caretaker’s House, 3114 Greenville Highway, ca. 1911 C-B One-story side-gable frame dwelling is covered with pebbledash stucco and capped by a metal roof. The house features a front-gable end wing, stone foundation, exposed basement at the rear, interior brick chimneys, cornice returns, and two-over-two double-hung sash. An attached hip-roof porch carried on NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 132 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC turned posts wraps around the façade (west) and south elevations, with an enclosed bay on the south side. A wing at the rear (east) of the house has a side-gable roof that runs parallel to the main roof. M Storage shed, ca. 1980 NC-B One-story front-gable frame storage building stands to the northwest of the Caretaker’s House. The shed is constructed with plywood walls and two-light aluminum-frame louver windows. N Gateposts, ca. 1911 C-O Large stone gateposts at Greenville Highway mark the entrance to the unpaved drive to the house. The square pillars are constructed of irregularly-coursed masonry with a stone cap. Curving stone walls with stone copings extend from the posts and terminate at a small, square end post. Tall Trees, mid-1840s, ca. 1935, ca. 1950, ca. 2000 C-B 3111 Greenville Highway Formerly known as Greenlawn, this two-story, five-bay, hip-roof frame house was built in the mid1840s. 58 Resting on an irregularly coursed stone foundation, the double-pile house is covered with weatherboards and features interior and exterior brick chimneys, center-hall plan, and six-over-six doublehung sash. The prominent full-front two-story porch with full-height Doric columns and delicate cornice brackets was added around 1935. The porch shelters an oversized entry composed of double-leaf paneled wood doors, sidelights, and transoms framed by a classically-inspired frame with flat pilasters. Glazed-andpaneled French doors with two-light transoms and solid wood shutters flank the entrance and open onto the porch. A one-story flat-roof breakfast room is located at the northwest corner of the house. The one-story flat-roof side wing appears to have been originally built as an open porch that was later enclosed and glazed (probably in the 1930s). Concrete steps with stone cheek walls approach the wing from the south side and access it through double-leaf doors topped by multi-light transoms. The wing has a bracketed cornice to match the main block of the house and a solid balustrade on the roof. The rear wing consists of a one-story side-gable building on a stone foundation that is attached to the main house by an enclosed gable-roof breezeway. Material evidence suggests that the rear block was built around the same time as the house as a detached structure; its purpose is not clear. The rear section was likely attached to the main house in the 1930s. A small hip-room bathroom addition was built in the northeast corner formed between the rear building and the connector. The rear block is covered with 58 Although ca. 1840 is the widely published and accepted date of construction for Greenlawn, it seems more likely that the house was built in the mid- to late 1840s (ca. 1848) closer to the time that Margaret C. King (1824-1916) and Arthur M. Huger (18211870) were married. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 133 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC weatherboards and has an interior brick chimney, dentiled fascia boards, and six-over-six double-hung sash. A one-story hip-roof office wing was built on the south elevation of the rear block. The breezeway is enclosed with weatherboards and eight-light wood-frame casements. French doors on the south elevation provide access and are approached by concrete steps with stone cheek walls. A number of man-made landscape elements remain, including stone entrance gates, entrance vista, pine avenues, gardens, garden paths, and a sweeping front lawn. The remains of a clay tennis court are located on the north edge of the property and beside it, to the east, are the remnants of an arbor constructed of metal pipes. Tall Trees’ lake is located on property that was sold off in the 1960s and lies in front of the adjacent houses at 3081 and 3101 Greenville Highway; it is no longer a part of the estate. Judge Mitchell King carved out an eighty-acre tract from Argyle (3110 Greenville Highway) to give as a wedding present to his daughter, Margaret, when she married Arthur M. Huger of Charleston. The newlywed couple built this house in the mid-1840s and named it “Greenlawn.” In 1852, 59 the property was sold to Thomas Bennett, former governor of South Carolina, and after his death, to his sister. Following several subsequent owners, Samuel and Francke Pickard of Rye, New York, bought the property in 1935 as a summer place. Sam Pickard had left the Federal Regulatory Commission in 1929 to become a vice-president of CBS Radio. The Pickards updated the main house by adding the current full-height columns, making interior modifications, and improving the land for his family’s use. In 1937, the author of Carolina Gardens wrote, “Many men and mules and tractors were busy restoring the garden and premises for the new owners.” North of the house, Pickard erected a horse barn and added some fencing. During WWII, the Pickards selected Greenlawn as their year-round residence, and after serving in the war remained there until 1949 when William J. Urquhart and his partner, Gust Blair, bought the property. Urquhart built a dairy barn and silo and returned the property to a working farm. Urquhart raised and showed Tennessee walking horses. He also built the two houses at the head of the lake in 1951 (see 3081 and 3101 Greenville Highway). These houses are now separate from Tall Trees property. 60 Helen B. Hamilton of Greenville, South Carolina purchased Greenlawn, including the barns, in the early 1950s and renamed it “Hamilton Hall.” Mrs. Hamilton proposed dividing the land and selling off small lots for development in the mid-1950s; however, after the community's efforts to protect the property, it was sold in August 1957 at court-ordered auction to Frank and Ruth Sherrill (owners of nearby Sherwood, 365 Sherwood Drive). The Sherrills sold the property three months later to their daughter and son-in law, Jane and Newton D. Angier. The Angiers returned the name back to Greenlawn, and remained there only a year and a half before buying and moving to Mountain Lodge. In 1959, they sold Greenlawn to Sybil W. Ford and 59 A number of sources cite the death of Arthur Huger as the reason that the couple sold the property in 1852, but according to his grave marker in Charleston’s Magnolia Cemetery, Mr. Huger did not die until 1870. 60 Shaffer, 279. Correspondence with Lucy Urquhart Ashbrook, 2008. Interview with Beatrice H. Churchill. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 134 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Madge Burns (sister of Ruth Hundley, who owned Chanteloup), who began calling the property “Tall Trees.” A year later, in 1960, the property was sold to Charles and Mary Kay Kirtley of Greenville, South Carolina, for a summer house. The Kirtleys, owners of the local Allied Van Lines affiliate, kept the house for thirty years before transferring it in 1992 to their daughter Pamela K. Brown. 61 Around 1960, Sherwood Shipman and Hugh Eudy bought the bulk of the Tall Trees property, but the main house and certain outbuildings were retained on a smaller tract. The barns, guesthouse, caretaker's house, farm pond, and pasturelands were sold with the larger tract. The barns have been demolished for a new development, Berwick Downs, located to the north and west of Tall Trees. Current owners Clark and Mary Hecker bought the remaining nine-acre tract in 1995. 62 A Carriage House, ca. 1850, ca. 2004 NC-B Located at the far northwest corner of the property, the one-and-a-half-story frame carriage house was extensively rehabilitated in the early 2000s. The two-bay structure is entered through replacement double-leaf wood garage doors and displays new weatherboard siding, new metal side-gable roof, new dentiled fascia boards, and an exterior wood stair accessing the upper story on the south elevation. B Kitchen/Guest House, 3115 Greenville Highway, ca. 1850, ca. 2004 C-B One-story, three-bay, side-gable frame guest house rests on an ashlar stone foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The house expands to the rear with a shed-roof extension and gable-roof ell. The house features interior and exterior stone chimneys, standing-seam metal roof, dentil fascias and bargeboards, and six-over-six double-hung sash. The window and door openings exhibit molded surrounds; windows on the rear ell are an unusual four-over-four sash pattern with vertical lights.. An uncovered stone terrace projects to the south of the house and is surrounded by a paneled wood balustrade. C Outbuilding, ca. 1935 C-B One-story side-gable frame building is covered with board-and-batten siding and capped by a standing-seam metal roof. The building, which is somewhat deteriorated, has a plastic tarp covering portions of the roof. Windows throughout are six-over-six double-hung sash. D Shed, ca. 2005 NC-B One-story side-gable frame storage shed replaced an earlier structure at this location along the rear property line. The building is covered with board-and-batten siding and capped with a metal roof. It is 61 Henderson County Register of Deeds Office. Historic Flat Rock, Inc. papers. Interview with Newt Angier. 62 Interview with Clark and Mary Hecker. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 135 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC accessed through double-leaf plywood doors and has four-over-four windows and a dentil fascia and bargeboards. E Dairy House, ca. 1935 C-B One-story front-gable frame dairy house is entered through a single-leaf plank door in the end wall. Screened window openings pierce the opposite end wall. A concrete trough is located on the interior. The wood-shingled roof was replaced with metal roofing around 2009. F Well, ca. 1850, late 20th c. NC-S Located adjacent to the stone terrace of the kitchen/guest house, the well is enclosed with a stone base and an asphalt-shingle gable roof structure supported on square wood posts. G Gateposts, ca. 1950 C-O Square concrete pillars supporting wooden gates mark the entrance from Greenville Highway to the unpaved, tree-lined drive that leads to the house. Rutledge Cottage, ca. 1840, ca. 1857 C-B 3199 Greenville Highway Rutledge Cottage is a two-story frame house with a tall front-gable façade and attached one-story hiproof side porches. The house is covered with weatherboards and capped by a standing-seam metal roof. The façade is embellished with scroll-sawn bargeboards. The house features a stuccoed interior chimney, exposed rafter tails and scalloped fascias, shed dormers, and nine-over-nine double-hung sash. The off-center entry porch is supported on stacked purlin brackets and shelters a single-leaf entrance door flanked by narrow sidelights. A one-story kitchen wing projects to the rear and an attached shed-roof porch carried on square wood posts wraps around the rear elevation of the house and the side and rear elevations of the kitchen wing. The naturalistic landscape of the property includes a small lake, low stone wall at the entrance, stone terraced steps, and small spring ponds. Dr. Mitchell Campbell King built the house, which was first known simply as “the Cottage,” in the 1840s as a temporary residence for him and his family while he was having Glen Roy (present-day Kenmure, 100 Clubhouse Drive) constructed. Dr. King received 293 acres of Argyle land from his father, Judge Mitchell King, in 1856 (Deed 6/89). Dr. King’s family lived here until they occupied their new home around 1857. Dr. King had a small office, which stood just below Glen Roy, that was placed on logs and pulled by oxen to this location, about one quarter mile to the southeast, where it was connected to the cottage and used as the kitchen. In 1857, the Cottage was sold to Elizabeth Pinckney Rutledge, a descendant of John Rutledge, Revolutionary War governor of South Carolina. In 1908, Elizabeth Rutledge gave the dwelling to “her NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 136 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC beloved niece,” Alice Rutledge Felder (Deed 61/96). The house, then known as Forest Hill, was later purchased by I. K. Heyward in 1917 (Deed 93/469). When Gordon McCabe bought the Glen Roy property, he also purchased what was then known as the Heyward House, which he referred to as Rutledge Cottage and included more than fifty acres of land. Alexander Schenck, one of the founders of Historic Flat Rock, acquired the property in 1965. The Schenck family still owns the property. A Guest House, ca. 1857 C-B An extension of the rear porch leads to a one-and-a-half-story side-gable guest house. The frame structure is covered with board-and-batten siding and capped by a metal roof. The guest house displays an interior brick chimney, scalloped fascias, and six-over-six double-hung sash with wood shutters. A tall set back wing projects to the northwest of the dwelling. B Garage, ca. 1960 C-B A one-story, three-bay, side-gable frame garage entered through double-leaf louvered wood doors in each garage bay. The building is covered with board-and-batten siding and capped by a standing-seam metal roof. A small square cupola with louvered sides is centered on the roof ridgeline. It is surmounted by a decorative weathervane. GRIER VIEW DRIVE 35, 45 Grier View Drive NC-B (2) Built within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds in 1980, the two two-story brick houses have Tudor Revival-influenced exteriors with stucco and decorative half-timbering on the upper stories. HALFTIMBER LANE See Highland Lake Village subdivision HEIDELBERG LANE House, ca. 1960 118 Heidelberg Lane C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 137 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story side-gable frame Ranch house sits on a full basement. The house is capped by a low-pitched roof that engages a full-width screened porch and has an interior brick chimney, vertical wood sheathing, and replacement one-over-one windows. Two sets of sliding-glass doors open onto the screened porch. HERITAGE LANE See Woodhaven subdivision (Boundary Decrease) HICKORY RIDGE TRAIL See Trenholm Woods subdivision HIGH ROAD OVERLOOK See Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision (Boundary Decrease) HIGHLAND LAKE DRIVE House, ca. 1950 C-B 10 Highland Lake Drive Simple one-story, side-gable, Craftsman-influenced frame house has an interior corbelled chimney, brick foundation, exposed rafter tails and decorative braces, weatherboards, and replacement windows. An attached front-gable porch is supported on square wood posts and shelters the single-leaf entrance. A carport attached on the south elevation is carried on peeled log posts; a side-gable screened porch extends from the north elevation. The windows were replaced around 2000. House, ca. 1940 C-B 16 Highland Lake Drive Small one-story, side-gable, Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling has an interior brick chimney, brick foundation, and weatherboards. The side gable ends are covered with plywood sheathing. The windows are a mix of five-, four-, and three-over-one double-hung sash. An attached front-gable porch is supported on slender, tapered wood posts and shelters a single-leaf multi-light entry door. A shed-roof addition at the rear contains a room enclosed with plywood sheathing and a porch that is covered with wood lattice. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 138 A Garage, ca. 1940 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B A one-story front-gable frame garage stands to the rear of the house and is covered with weatherboards. The garage has a metal roof and deep eaves with exposed rafter tails. The garage appears to have been originally accessed through two sets of double-leaf wood doors, which are no longer present but are evidenced by surviving hinges. Lodge, ca. 1919, ca. 1999 C-B 180 Highland Lake Drive Built on a brick foundation, the Lodge is a large two-story frame building covered with weatherboards and capped by a hip roof. The façade, which faces northeast, is dominated by a central front-gable wing flanked by two-story polygonal bays with hip roofs. A flat-roof porte cochere projects from the central bay and shelters a set of four replacement single-leaf glazed doors with plate-glass transoms. The flat roof of the porte cochere, which is carried on square wood posts, supports a second-story balcony accessed from a modern double-leaf doorway with a round-arch fanlight. An attached deck extends to either side of the balcony and wraps around the polygonal bays on the second story. The building features an original exterior brick chimney at the rear, exposed rafter tails, and eight-over-eight double-hung sash. A one-story hip-roof wing extends to the rear (southwest) and sits on a full brick basement. A later addition, the wing exhibits peeled log posts and brackets, sliding-glass doors, and a wraparound porch with exposed rafter tails. The twenty-room lodge was a dormitory built for of Camp Highland Lake, a school for boys established around World War I. Camp Highland Lake operated under the direction of Col. J. C. Woodward and his son, Maj. C. D. Woodward, until 1947. In the late twentieth century the lodge was rehabilitated into guest rooms for Highland Lake Inn (see 86 Lily Pad Lane). Season’s Restaurant, ca. 1960, ca. 1975 NC-B 182 Highland Lake Drive Originally built as a dining hall, the tall one-story hip-roof frame building has been extensively remodeled and enlarged. The original section is covered with wood shingles and capped by a hip roof with a low monitor vent at the center. The building features a projecting front gable-on-hip wing, exposed rafter tails, and an attached one-story hip-roof porch. The porch is enclosed with weatherboards and plate-glass windows. Pairs of four-light fixed sash windows are located on the wall above the porch roof. The front wing contains double-leaf glazed entry doors on the northwest side elevation. The front elevation is composed of polygonal end bays flanking a recessed center section, with eight-light casement windows positioned across the front. One-story wings added to the rear of the original section have approximately doubled the size of NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 139 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC the building contain additional dining rooms, bar, and commercial kitchen. Season’s Restaurant is the signature dining facility associated with Highland Lake Inn (see 86 Lily Pad Lane). House, ca. 1958 NC-B 191 Highland Lake Drive One-story side-gable frame house has been altered with aluminum siding and a two-story front-gable addition on the north elevation. The house displays an interior chimney, attached shed-roof porch with replacement posts and metal balustrade, and replacement windows. The weatherboarded addition has a façade picture window on the first-story and two one-over-one windows on the second story. House, 2011 NC-B 205 Highland Lake Drive One-story, side-gable, manufactured frame house was erected directly behind the main house on the site of a two-story barn built by Monteith. It has an asphalt-shingle roof, vinyl siding, stuccoed foundation, and six-over-six windows. An attached front-gable porch is supported on square wood posts. A Carport, 2011 NC-S Located to the rear of the house, the one-story, one-bay carport is supported on square wood posts and has a metal front-gable roof. House, ca. 1974 NC-B 210 Highland Lake Drive One-story, side-gable, single-wide mobile home is owned by the Lancaster family (see 209 Highland Lake Drive). The structure has a decorative front gable, plain wood siding, and replacement windows. House, ca. 1950, ca. 2000 C-B 225 Highland Lake Drive Small one-and-a-half-story frame residence rests on a stuccoed foundation and is covered with wide weatherboards. The house has a side-gambrel roof, set back one-story side wing, and six-over-six windows. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 140 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC An attached shed-roof screened porch was either rebuilt or added to the house around 2000. The porch is supported on square wood posts with a wood lattice balustrade. An uncovered wood deck on the south elevation provides access to a secondary single-leaf entry door. The structure may have originally been built as a barn for the Jackson family (see 236 Highland Lake Drive) that was later converted to a residence. House, 1986 NC-B 231 Highland Lake Drive This one-story side-gable frame Ranch house has been remodeled with a stucco exterior, stuccoed interior chimney, set back side wing on the north elevation, and replacement windows and entry door. The stone veneer covering the front-gable entrance bay appears to have replaced the original stone veneer. A single garage bay is located at the south end of the façade. Jackson Rock House, ca. 1910, ca. 1960s C-B 236 Highland Lake Drive The one-story, three-bay, side-gable frame house dates from the early twentieth century. Originally covered with weatherboards, stone veneer was added by the Jackson family in the 1960s. The house features an exterior stone end chimney, gable-roof rear ell, and an attached shed-roof porch. The porch is supported by log posts on stone piers with cast-stone caps. The stone balustrades have arched openings. The shed-roof ends are covered with German siding. The windows are two-over-two, three-over-one, and replacement oneover-one sash. A projecting wing at the rear of the ell extends to the north. A wood deck is attached to the rear of the house. The house was owned by Mrs. Boone Jackson in 1939, when the Pattersons moved nearby to 191 Highland Lake Road. Mrs. Jackson’s daughter sold the house in the 1990s. A Garage, ca. 1920, ca. 1960s C-B One-story, one-bay garage is capped by a metal-clad front gambrel roof with German siding in the gambrel ends. The frame building, which is covered with vertical wood siding, is partially covered with stone veneer and displays a concrete block extension at the rear. The building is entered through doubleleaf wood doors. House, ca. 1997 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 141 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 251 Highland Lake Drive A one-story single-wide mobile home with vinyl siding has an attached shed-roof screened porch on the front (northwest) elevation and a shed-roof carport on the rear. House, ca. 1946 C-B 258 Highland Lake Drive The one-story, side-gable, Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling has been covered with vinyl siding. The house features a stone foundation, attached front-gable porch, and six-over-six double-hung sash. A tapered exterior stone end chimney rises against the north elevation. The porch is supported by square wood posts on rock piers with a simple wood balustrade. A shed-roof addition at the rear terminates with a projecting open shed-roof porch. A Garage, ca. 1970 NC-B A one-story shed-roof frame garage is covered with vinyl siding. The structure has a metal roof with exposed rafters and double-leaf wood doors on the façade. B Shed, ca. 1980 NC-B A one-story side-gable frame shed stands at the rear of the property. It has a metal roof, vinyl siding, and an attached deck at the entrance. Harry Gilreath House, ca. 1950 C-B 259 Highland Lake Drive One-story, side-gable, Craftsman-influenced, frame dwelling is covered with board-and-batten siding. Resting on a concrete block foundation, the house features exposed rafter tails, three-over-one double-hung sash, and a three-light-over-three-panel single-leaf entry door. An attached front-gable porch is supported by square posts on brick piers that have been stuccoed. The house was built by Harry Gilreath and his son, Henry (Bub) Gilreath, who also built the house across the road at 258 Highland Lake Drive. The property passed to Henry Gilreath's granddaughter, Mitzi Dudley, who has a photograph of her grandfather and great-grandfather, the builders, sitting on the porch of this house. 63 63 Interviews with Henry “Bub” Gilreath and Mitzi Gilreath Dudley. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 142 House, 1956, 2010 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 275 Highland Lake Drive One-story, side-gable, frame Ranch house has a stone veneer foundation and vinyl siding. A front-gable wing contains an inset entry porch and façade picture window. The porch is supported by decorative metal posts on stone piers. The windows are original two-over-two sash with horizontal muntins and six-over-six sash. A porch extension at the north end of the house was enclosed in 2010. A Garage, ca. 1995, ca. 2010 NC-B A one-story side-gable garage building located behind the main house was enlarged at its south end around 2010. House, 1980 NC-B 280 Highland Lake Drive One-story frame house has a low-pitch side-gable roof, side-gable wing on the north elevation, and an attached shed-roof porch. The house, which is covered with plywood sheathing, displays multiple picture windows on the façade and a replacement single-leaf entry door. The porch is carried on square wood posts with a wood lattice balustrade. A Garage, ca. 1980 NC-B One-story two-car frame garage is clad with vertical wood sheathing and capped by a front-gable roof. The garage bay is entered through a glazed-and-paneled wooden overhead door. A single-leaf door is located on the north side of the garage bay. House, ca. 1960 NC-B 290 Highland Lake Drive Clad with vinyl siding, the simple one-story side-gable frame house features a large exterior stone end chimney, attached front-gable entry porch, and replacement one-over-one windows. The porch is supported by square wood posts on a concrete slab floor. House, ca. 1990 311 Highland Lake Drive NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 143 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC This one-story single-wide mobile home is clad with aluminum siding and features a metal foundation skirt, one-over-one windows, and an attached metal shed-roof porch. House, ca. 1950 C-B 316 Highland Lake Drive One-story, front-gable, Craftsman-influenced masonry dwelling is covered with stucco. An attached front-gable porch with German siding in the gable end is supported by square wood posts on a concrete slab floor. The windows are multi-light metal-frame casements. A stuccoed chimney flue rises against the east elevation of the house. A gable-roof addition projects at the rear. A Mobile home, 320 Highland Lake Drive, ca. 1970 NC-B A one-story, flat-roof, single-wide mobile home has a three-bay shed-roof porch attached at the front, which is supported on square wood posts. House, ca. 1960 C-B 378 Highland Lake Drive Modest one-story, side-gable, frame Ranch house sits on a concrete block foundation. It is covered with board-and-batten siding and features a façade picture window, two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins, and a gable-roof addition at the southeast corner. An uncovered entry stoop accesses the single-leaf entrance A Shed, ca. 1960 C-B One-story front-gable frame shed covered with German siding and capped by a metal roof. The building rests on a concrete block foundation and has two-over-two sash with horizontal muntins. House, ca. 1960 C-B 380 Highland Lake Drive Resting on a concrete block foundation, the one-story side-gable frame Ranch House is covered with board-and-batten siding. A front-gable entry porch shelters a single-leaf entry and is carried on decorative metal posts. Original two-over-two sash windows with horizontal muntins were replaced with one-over-one windows around 2012. An attached shed-roof porch on the north elevation is supported on square wood posts with a diagonally braced balustrade. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 144 House, ca. 1969 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 401 Highland Lake Drive The one-story-plus-basement hip-roof Ranch house is constructed of brick on the lower story and waneyedge wood siding on the upper story. A brick watertable forms the upper-story window sills. A projecting lower-story bay contains a single garage bay that is entered through double-leaf wood doors. The flat-roof of the garage bay serves as the floor of the hip-roof entry porch, which is accessed by brick stairs. The porch roof is supported by bracketed square posts with a simple wood balustrade. The house exhibits an interior brick chimney, façade picture window, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. An elevated wood deck is attached on the south elevation. House, ca. 1950, ca. 2008 C-B 405 Highland Lake Drive The one-and-a-half-story, side-gable, Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling has been recently altered with vinyl siding, new metal roof, and replacement one-over-one windows. Resting on a stone foundation, the house features a front shed dormer, attached front-gable porch, and an exterior stone end chimney. The porch rests on a concrete block foundation and is carried by square wood posts. It shelters a single-leaf entry door composed of nine lights over a single braced panel. A rear shed-roof porch is partially enclosed. A Outbuilding, ca. 1950 C-B The one-story front-gable brick and stone outbuilding is built into a bank to the rear of the house. Now covered with stucco, it is entered through a single-leaf wooden door on the façade. The original metal roof was replaced with new metal roof around 2008. B Garage, ca. 1950 C-B A one-bay, shed-roof, frame garage with an enclosed shed attachment is located south of house at edge of woods and near the road. The building is constructed on a frame of log posts and clad with board-and-batten siding. The metal roof is supported on exposed rafters and purlins. The garage bay has an open entrance, and the side bay is entered through a single-leaf wood door. C Shed, ca. 1980 NC-B One-story front-gable frame storage shed is covered with plywood sheathing and entered through double-leaf wood doors. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 145 House, ca. 1960 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 408 Highland Lake Drive One-story side-gable frame Ranch house is covered with vinyl siding and exhibits a brick watertable. The house features a façade picture window, exterior concrete block chimney, two-over-two sash windows with horizontal muntins, and a single-leaf entry door composed of three lights over three panels. An attached shed-roof entry porch is supported on square wood posts. A wood deck is attached to the south elevation of the house. Many Pines, ca. 1847 C-B 589 Highland Lake Drive Lavishly detailed, Many Pines is a two-and-a-half-story eclectic frame house with Gothic Revival and Italianate influences. The house is three bays wide and three bays deep, with one-story polygonal wings capped with mansard roofs. Resting on a stone foundation and covered with weatherboards, the house features a metal-clad hip roof, two interior stuccoed chimneys with corbelled caps, gabled dormers, twostory rear wing, and six-over-six and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. The main block of the house and side wings display decorative sawn brackets. The dormers, which are embellished with decorative sawn bargeboards and scroll brackets in the eaves, exhibit Palladian windows on the front and rear and single round-arch windows on the two sides. Many Pines is notable for its attached hip-roof two-story porch and one-story porte cochere, which have delicate latticework Gothic arches, spindlework friezes, turned and paneled posts, and other sawn wooden ornament. The main entrance is composed of double-leaf doors framed by paneled sidelights, a three-part transom, and flat surround with bull’s eye corner blocks. The sidelights and transom lights consist of small square panes positioned around the perimeter of a central single light. The rear elevation has a central entrance bay sheltered by a front-gable canopy with decorative sawn bargeboards supported on curved brackets. An inset porch at center bay of the second story displays a latticework arch and balustrade of turned balusters. The interior has a center hall plan, two rooms deep. The present seventeen-acre site encompassing the main house and outbuildings retains a number of historic landscape features. The winding gravel drive leads from Highland Lake Drive around the perimeter of a large, open meadow lying to the west of the house. The drive and other roads within the estate are lined with tall pine trees. The drive forms a loop in front of the house that passes through the porte cochere, and formal gardens lay to the northeast of the house. The remains of a clay tennis court are located to the southwest of the main house. Many Pines is also notable for its row of outbuildings extending from the rear of the house. In 1859, James R. Pringle (1813-1884) of Charleston purchased approximately twenty-nine acres from NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 146 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Richard H. Lowndes and Charles Baring. 64 Pringle, a merchant and treasurer of St. Michael’s Church, married Sarah Ladson in 1844, and together they had two children. Saddled with significant debt, Pringle sold the property to William Ravenel of Charleston in 1871, and the estate went through a succession of Charleston-based owners—Savage Trenholm, Willis Wilkinson, Arthur Barnwell, and K. G. Whistler— before it was purchased by Augustine T. Smythe (1842-1914) in 1908. A prominent Charleston lawyer, Smythe gave the estate, which now consisted of six tracts totaling more than eighty acres, the name “Many Pines.” Following his death, the property passed to Smythe’s heirs and was owned for many years in the mid-twentieth century by his son, A. T. Smythe, Jr. (1885-1962), and his wife, Harriott. The property remains with Smythe descendants. A Kitchen, ca. 1847, ca. 1880 C-B The first building in a long row of outbuildings located to the rear (southeast) of the main house, the kitchen is a one-story side-gable frame structure with weatherboards and a metal roof. Resting on a foundation of cut granite blocks, the building is six bays long, with three doors on the façade, and one bay deep. It features an interior brick chimney, two-panel single-leaf doors, and six-over-six double-hung sash. A small side wing of latticework has a wood-shingled hip roof. B Well House, ca. 1847 C-S An open pyramidal-roof structure supported on square wood posts with curving corner brackets and lattice infill and a wood shingle roof shelters the stone well base, which is overgrown with ivy. C Wash House/Laundry, ca. 1847 C-B The one-story laundry building rests on a brick foundation and has a low-pitched side-gable roof clad with metal. The building is covered with flush-board sheathing and has slatted vents located directly under the eaves. The interior is accessed through a single-leaf solid wood door and a large sliding door on an exterior track. D Maids’ House, ca. 1847 C-B One-story side-gable frame dwelling with a metal-clad roof, brick pier foundation, and weatherboard siding. The five-bay façade contains a central single-leaf six-panel door. The building has an interior brick chimney and four-over-four double-hung sash. Windows in the gable ends suggest that the interior may have a loft. A one-story gable-roof ell extends to the rear. E Boy’s House, ca. 1847 C-B One-story side-gable frame dwelling with a tar-paper roof, brick pier foundation, and weatherboard 64 Henderson County Register of Deeds. Pringle paid $400 to Richard H. Lowndes for twenty-five acres on July 16, 1859 (7/127) and $50 to Charles Baring for three and a half acres on November 8, 1879 (7/352). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 147 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC siding. The five-bay façade contains a central single-leaf six-panel door. The building has an exterior stone chimney with a brick stack and four-over-four double-hung sash. A one-bay shed-roof extension projects to the rear. F Paint Building, ca. 1847 C-B One story single-room side-gable frame building with a metal-clad roof, stone pier foundation, flushboard sheathing, and a central single-leaf solid wood door. Small, boarded-over window openings are located on the side and rear elevation. G Men’s House, ca. 1847 C-B One-story side-gable frame dwelling with a metal-clad roof, stone pier foundation, and weatherboard siding. The five-bay façade contains a central single-leaf door with a single, central light. The building has an exterior brick chimney on a stone base and six-over-six double-hung sash. The two end windows have been boarded over. H Corn Crib, ca. 1847 C-S Gable-roof frame corn crib has a metal roof and stone pier foundation. The structure is covered with horizontal wood slats and weatherboards in the gable end. A small single-leaf wood door is located on the southwest elevation. I Guest House, ca. 1910 C-B Located away from the main row of outbuildings and along an estate road, the one-story frame guest house rests on brick pier foundation and is capped by a metal-clad front-gable roof. Covered with weatherboards, the dwelling has interior and exterior brick chimneys, hip-roof side wing, attached hiproof screened porch, and two-over-two double-hung sash. A diamond-shaped louvered vent is located in the gable end. An inset screened porch is located along the long southwest side elevation. The side wing has narrow flush-board sheathing above and exterior wainscot of diagonal beaded board. J Barn, ca. 1847 C-B The long gable-roof frame barn has a metal-clad roof, weatherboards, and a stone foundation. The center section of the building has a different roof pitch that suggests this block may be older than the two side wings. An attached, steeply-pitched shed roof extension shelters the three bays of the center section, including the large double-leaf barn doors. The window openings are covered with solid wood shutters. Horizontal vents are located along the side elevations. Single-leaf solid wood doors are located on the both side wings, and a sliding wood door on an exterior track is located on the south wing. K Caretaker’s House, 309 N. Hillandale Drive, ca. 1910 C-B Separated from the main house and its outbuildings to the southeast, the caretaker’s house is a one- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 148 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC and-a-half-story hip-roof frame dwelling with front-gable wings, gabled dormers, and an attached wraparound porch. Resting on a stuccoed foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards and features an interior brick chimney, diamond-shaped vents in the gable ends, shingled dormers, and twoover-two double-hung sash. The porch is carried on square wood posts with a simple wood balustrade. L Dairy, ca. 1899 C-B Adjacent to the caretaker’s house, the stone dairy is a gable end structure made of rough cut granite with a metal roof and weatherboards louvered vents in the gable ends. The original wood shingle roof deteriorated and was replaced. A single-leaf six-panel entry door on the northeast elevation is surmounted by a single stone lintel. A six-over-six double-hung window is located on the southeast elevation. M House, ca. 1910 NC-B A ruinous one-story side-gable dwelling is located in the woods to the south of the Caretaker’s House. The three-bay center-hall house shows evidence of a one-story rear ell, metal roof, weatherboard siding, and diamond-shaped louver vents in the gable ends. House, 1967 NC-B 595 Highland Lake Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house has a front-gable porch on square posts, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and façade picture windows. The north end bay may have originally been a single-bay carport. Part of the Hillandale Subdivision Section 2, which was platted on land belonging to Joseph Kolendo in 1958. NORTH HIGHLAND LAKE ROAD House, 1977 NC-B 428 N. Highland Lake Road One-story side-gable frame dwelling is covered with plywood sheathing and capped by an asphaltshingle roof. The house rests on a concrete block foundation and has an exterior brick end chimney. An engaged full-width porch has been enclosed with one-over-one windows and plywood siding. A Shed, ca. 1977 NC-S One-story outbuilding is composed of a gable-roof open structure that is attached to an enclosed metal-clad shed. The structure has metal roofing material, wooden pole supports, and exposed roof NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 149 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC framing. Woodward-Fennell House, 1913, ca. 1975 NC-B 530 N. Highland Lake Road The Woodward-Fennell House is a two-story hip-roof frame house resting on a stone pier foundation with concrete block infill. Although imposing in form, the house has been altered in the 1970s with enclosure of the original two-story front porch on the east elevation. An inset, two-story corner porch on the north elevation became the entrance bay with new wood steps, single-leaf entry door and blind transom, and a screened upper story. The house has two interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps and some original nineover-one double-hung windows; the replacement sash is six-over-one and one-over-one on the enclosed porch. A two-story hip-roof bay projects at the rear of the house, along with a one-story screened porch at the southeast corner and an attached hip-roof carport at the southwest corner. The two-car carport is carried by square wood posts on brick piers. Much of the interior woodwork remains in place including the overmantels. A stone retaining wall of cut granite blocks borders the road in front of the house, and the outline of a former tennis court is visible behind the house. Colonel John Charles Woodward and his wife built the residence as a summer house in 1913. Woodward founded the Georgia Military Academy, a boys' preparatory military boarding school in College Park, Georgia, southwest of Atlanta. The school opened in 1900 with thirty students. The Woodwards came to Flat Rock to start a summer military camp and school for boys named the Carolina Military and Naval Academy, at nearby Highland Lake. While Woodward ran the boys' camp, this property and its outbuildings may have been used as a girls' camp run by Mrs. Woodward. When later owners purchased the house, a large stash of the former camp's many iron bedsteads and springs were stored in one of the outbuildings. The metal bed pieces were used to make a fence located behind the house. Mary Rose Lyle Fennell (1877-1953) of Rock Hill, South Carolina, purchased the house from the Woodwards’ son, C. D. Woodward, in 1945 (Deed 255/234). Mrs. Fennell was the widow Dr. William Wallace Fennell (1869-1926) was a prominent South Carolina physician and surgeon who studied under the Mayo brothers of Minnesota and started a nursing school and hospital in Rock Hill in 1910. The house then passed to the Fennells’ daughter, Henrietta ("Totsy," 1903-1986), and her husband Joab Mauldin Lesesne (1899-1993). Dr. Lesesne was a history professor and president of Erskine College from 1954 to 1966, and active in the synod of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian (ARP) Church. They also used the house as a summer place; however, in the late 1960s, after the house was robbed, the Lesesnes stopped using it, and it became overgrown and in need of repair. 65 65 Dr. William W. Fennell obituary, The New and Courier (Charleston, SC) (October 16, 1926). Joab Lesesne obituary, Spartanburg Herald-Journal (July 29, 1993). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 150 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC In 1975, James Coad, Jr., and Evalyn Wright Coad bought the house, which was vacant and full of neglected wicker furniture. The Coads enclosed the porches and undertook extensive repairs and updating. Mr. Coad was Presbyterian minister, missionary in Mexico for five years, and moderator of the ARP Synod in 1997. The house continued as a summer house until 1991, when the Coads moved here as a year-round residents. 66 A Guest House, ca. 1945 C-B One-story, frame dwelling sits atop a full basement that contains a single garage bay, which is entered through double-leaf wood doors on the side elevation. The front-gable Craftsman-influenced house features weatherboards, interior brick chimney, and four-over-one double-hung sash. An attached partial-width porch is supported on square wood posts with a simple wood balustrade. Two sets of replacement sliding sash are located at the northwest corner of the house. The Fennells built the house for guests and as a honeymoon cottage for professors and others from Erskine College. B Middle House, 534 N. Highland Lake Road, ca. 1950 NC-B Located halfway between the main house and the guest house at the south end of the property, the Middle House was built as a two-story frame dwelling with plain weatherboards. After a fire, the building was repaired and remodeled as a one-story cottage with weatherboards and German siding, split side-gable roof, exposed rafter tails, eight-light fixed-sash windows, and a deteriorated interior brick chimney. A single-leaf solid wood entry door on the façade provides access to the interior, which retains a large fireplace. Upper and Lower Millhouse, 2005 NC-B 886-890 N. Highland Lake Road The Upper and Lower Millhouse is a rambling two-story frame guest cottage that is part of the Highland Lake resort complex. Situated adjacent to the dam forming Highland Lake, the building was built on the site of the Old Mill, a two-and-a-half-story frame grist mill that survived into the mid-twentieth century. The mill building was used by Robroy Farquhar’s Vagabond Players for the 1940 and 1941 summer seasons as the Old Mill Playhouse, a precursor to the present-day Flat Rock Playhouse. The present building is composed of two distinct blocks joined by a one-story breezeway. The Upper Millhouse (#890) is the tall two-story block at the south end with a tall foundation, front and rear shed-roof wall dormers, and an attached wood deck on the first story. The larger of the two sections, the Lower 66 Interview with Jim and Evalyn Coad. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 151 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Millhouse (#886) responds to the sloping topography of the site with a staggered two-and-a-half-story building with the slope of the upper roof continuing onto the lower block and framing two gabled dormers. The tall section is similar to Upper Millhouse with front and rear shed-roof wall dormers and an attached wood deck on the first story; a cantilevered balcony is located on wall dormer overlooking the dam. The buildings are constructed with roughcast stucco foundations, plywood sheathing on the first story, wood shingles on the dormers, and one-over-one double-hung sash. Dr. Joseph and Harriet Rhett Maybank House, ca. 1910 C-B 1050 N. Highland Lake Road Built around 1910, the two- story Craftsman-inspired residence is covered with weatherboards and has a hip roof with shed dormers on the front and rear elevations. The house rests on an ashlar stone foundation and has two interior stone chimneys, wide overhanging eaves with exposed rafter tails, and sixteen-over-one double-hung sash. The double-leaf multi-light entry doors are framed by multi-light sidelights and transoms. An attached one-story hip-roof porch extends the full width of the façade and wraps around onto the side elevations. The porch is screened on the front to the northeast of the entrance and enclosed with weatherboards and aluminum awning-style windows on the northwest side elevation. A one-story shed-roof addition at the rear is three bays wide with a gable-roof breezeway connecting to a one-story, one-room gable-roof kitchen or shed. The kitchen wing has weatherboards, a standing-seam metal roof, sixteen-overone windows, and a single-leaf paneled wood door. An asphalt basketball court is located southeast of the house and surrounded by a tall chain-link fence. Sitting atop a knoll overlooking Highland Lake to the southeast, the house was built for Dr. Joseph and Harriet Rhett Maybank. The Rhett family owned Highland Lake, known as Rhett’s Pond, in the late nineteenth century, and the property was given to Harriet Rhett (1872-1935) as a wedding present following her marriage in 1897 to Dr. Joseph Maybank (1869-1942), a Charleston physician. 67 A Garage, ca, 1995 NC-B Shallow, gable-end garage with one large bay, wide enough for two cars. Exposed rafter ends, clapboard siding. B Guest House, ca. 1930 C-B Located southwest of the main house, the one-story side-gable frame guest house is covered with 67 Reuther, p. 28. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 152 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC board-and-batten siding and sits on a concrete foundation. The metal-clad roof has a slight flare at the wide overhanging eaves, which are supported by diagonal brackets on the façade. The roof extends onebay beyond the east elevation of the building and is supported on slender posts. The simple dwelling features an exterior stone chimney, interior brick chimney, single-leaf entry door, and six-over-six double-hung sash. C Outhouse, ca. 1910 C-B Deteriorated frame building with random-width vertical wood siding and a metal roof. D Shed, ca. 1910 C-B Shed-roof outbuilding with random width vertical siding. E Gateposts, ca. 1910 C-O Square stone pillars with large granite caps mark the entrance to the paved driveway from North Highland Lake Road. HIGHLAND PARK ROAD Commercial Building, 2000 NC-B 1 Highland Park Road One-story prefabricated garage and maintenance shop is clad with aluminum siding and capped by a lowpitched side-gable roof. The façade is marked by two single-leaf entry doors, horizontal window band, and a garage bay accessed through a metal overhead door. Warehouse, 1944, 2012 NC-B 5 Highland Park Road Resting on a concrete block foundation, the long, frame warehouse is topped by a segmental arch roof. In 2012 the building was remodeled with a new façade, inset corner entrance bay, entrance deck and ramp, and replacement one-over-one windows. The façade was originally composed of two 16-light windows at the center that were flanked by entrances in the end bays. It now consists of a single, segmental-arched multilight window with a stone-veneer apron. The inset bay at the southeast corner contains double-leaf entry doors Garage, ca. 1940 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 153 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC West side of Highland Park Road at the intersection with Fortson Street Formerly associated with a one-story house located at 204 Highland Park Road, which was demolished around 2012, the building is composed of two connected one-story, front-gable frame garage buildings. The structures are covered with corrugated metal siding and capped by standing-seam metal roofs. Each structure has a single garage bay with a sliding wooden garage door, multi-light industrial sash windows, and plywood sheathing in the gable ends. The north garage has a shed-roof extension projecting to the north and accessed through a single-leaf entry on the front elevation. House, 2013 NC-B 204 Highland Park Road One-story manufactured home with vinyl siding, decorative front gable, stuccoed foundation, and sixover-six windows. House, ca. 1910, ca. 2000 NC-B 206 Highland Park Road One-story vernacular frame dwelling has a side-gable roof, interior brick chimney, attached shed-roof porch, and gable-roof rear ell. The house has been substantially altered with replacement metal porch posts, vinyl siding, replacement one-over-one windows, and a wood deck attached to the southeast side of the rear ell. An enclosed porch is located on the northwest side of the house A Shed, 1950 C-B A one-story concrete block shed is located directly behind the house. It is capped by a metal frontgable roof with metal sheathing in the gable ends. House, ca. 1990 NC-B 208 Highland Park Road One-story mobile house trailer has been placed on permanent foundations. An attached flat-roof porch carries the full width of the façade and terminates with a projecting carport. The porch and carport are supported by square wood posts, and porch exhibits a wood balustrade with decorative cutout balusters. A Shed, ca. 1990 NC-B A one-story front-gable frame shed is located behind the house. Resting on a concrete block NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 154 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC foundation, it has weatherboards, double-leaf paneled entry doors, an open shed extension at the rear, and two-over-two windows with horizontal muntins. B Equipment shed, ca. 2000 NC-S A tall one-story frame shed supported on wood posts with diagonal brackets is located at the rear of the property. The three-bay structure has a corrugated metal shed roof, exposed rafters, and metal sheathing enclosing the northwest and southwest sides. House, 2005 NC-B 212 Highland Park Road One-story manufactured home with vinyl siding, decorative front gable, stuccoed foundation, and sixover-six windows. A Carport, 2005 NC-S Prefabricated metal-frame two-car shelter with a front-gable metal roof. House, ca. 1930 NC-B 214 Highland Park Road The one-story front-gable Craftsman-influenced dwelling has been severely damaged by fire. The frame house features an inset corner porch, exposed rafter tails, and four-over-double-hung sash. The house was later covered with aluminum siding and the foundation was stuccoed. House, ca. 1925 C-B 216 Highland Park Road One-story, double-pile frame residence with attached front and rear porches and a new metal-clad sidegable roof. The house has aluminum siding and replacement one-over-one windows. The front porch elements, which may be replacements, include square wood posts with diagonal brackets and a simple wood balustrade. A Shed, ca. 1940 NC-B A front-gable frame shed with shed-roof extensions on both sides is located at the rear of the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 155 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC property. The center section is covered with vertical wood siding, and the whole structure is capped by a metal roof. Each side wing contains a single garage bay; the south bay is entered through double-leaf wood garage doors and the north bay is entered through a single paneled wood door. House, ca. 1990 NC-B 218 Highland Park Road The property contains a one-story manufactured home set perpendicular to the road. It has a side-gable roof, vinyl siding, and an attached partial-width shed-roof porch on the façade. A Shed, ca. 1990 NC-B A prefabricated front-gable metal shed is located at the rear of the property. B Shed, ca. 1990 NC-B A prefabricated front-gable metal shed with a shed-roof extension to the south is located at the rear of the property. The side wing is supported on square wood posts and has plywood sheathing enclosing the south and rear (west) sides. House, ca. 1930 NC-B 222 Highland Park Road A one-story front-gable Craftsman bungalow with an attached front-gable porch has been heavily altered with vinyl siding, replacement one-over-one windows, and side wings. Resting on a concrete block foundation, the basic form of the house is partially obscured by a gable-roof wing projecting to the southeast and a shed-roof extension on the northwest elevation. The front-gable porch is partially enclosed and displays an octagonal window on its front elevation. House, 2009 NC-B 273 Highland Park Road One-and-a-half-story side-gable modular home rests on a stuccoed foundation and has vinyl siding, two gabled front dormers, six-over-six windows, and an uncovered front deck. House, 2008 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 156 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 277 Highland Park Road One-story side-gable manufactured home rests on a stuccoed foundation and has vinyl siding, six-oversix windows, and an uncovered front deck. House, 1993 NC-B 279 Highland Park Road One-story side-gable manufactured home rests on a stuccoed foundation and has vinyl siding, six-oversix windows, and an uncovered front deck. An attached front-gable porch on square wood posts was added around 2010. The porch balustrade features a sunburst pattern. House, 2006 NC-B 297 Highland Park Road One-and-a-half-story side-gable modular home rests on a brick foundation and has vinyl siding, three gabled front dormers, six-over-six windows, and an uncovered front deck. A Garage, ca. 1930 C-B A one-story, one-bay frame garage that was associated with an earlier house on this site. The frontgable building has board-and-batten siding, a standing-seam metal roof, exposed rafter tails, and a double-leaf wood garage door. B Shed, ca. 1930 NC-B One-story front-gable frame shed that was associated with an earlier house on this site. The building has board-and-batten siding, a standing-seam metal roof, exposed rafter tails, and a single-leaf wood entry door. Oakland Cemetery, ca. 1890 [Photo 9] C-Site Highland Park Road Located on a narrow section of land between Highland Park Road and the old railroad tracks, Oakland Cemetery consists of more than 200 grave sites on a grassy hillside. The interred are predominantly African American, including members of the Potts, Simmons, Jenkins, and Markley families. The earliest marked grave appears to belong to Henry Markley, who was buried here in 1892. Interspersed with a few large trees, more than half of the grave sites are marked by simple fieldstone and engraved markers or by small crosses. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 157 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The Society of the Necessity, a mutual aid society founded by Henry Shield Simmons (1867-1949) in 1885, sold grave plots to its members within this cemetery. The 1903 ledger of the Society mentions a plot with 203 cemetery lots. House, 1987 NC-B 376 Highland Park Road One-story manufactured home with a concrete foundation, masonite siding, attached shed-roof porch, and a side-gable roof. House, 1977 NC-B 398 Highland Park Road Resting on a stuccoed foundation, the one-story frame Ranch house has vinyl siding, side-gable roof, façade picture window, replacement entry door, and one-over-one double-hung sash. A single-bay garage is located in the basement of the house and accessed on the south elevation. An attached shed-roof porch is carried on turned wood posts. A wood deck is attached to the north elevation. A Shed, ca. 1977 NC-B A tall one-story, two-bay equipment shed stands at the north end of the property. The corrugated metal shed roof is supported on wood posts with plywood sheathing covering three of the exterior walls. The two bays are open on the south end. House, 1929 C-B 404 Highland Park Road A one-story front-gable Craftsman bungalow with an attached front-gable porch has been altered with modern wood sheathing. The porch, which is carried on slender wood posts, has wood shingles in the gable end, and a solid wood balustrade that extends down to grade, screening the porch foundation. Two square openings in the wood apron are filled with lattice. The house has exposed rafter tails and replacement oneover-one windows. Two gabled dormers are located on the south slope of the roof. A Shed, ca. 2005 Prefabricated front gambrel roof frame storage shed. NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 158 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC B Carport, ca. 2005 NC-S Front-gable two-car carport located to the rear of the house. House, 1994, 2008 NC-B 408 Highland Park Road One-story manufactured home with vinyl siding, six-over-nine windows, and a side-gable roof. An attached front-gable porch carried on square wood posts was added around 2008, along with a broad wood deck that wraps around the façade and north elevation. A Shed, ca. 2005 NC-B One-story side-gable frame shed with wood siding and one-over-one windows. House, 1940 C-B 430 Highland Park Road Plain one-story, concrete-block dwelling with a low-pitched side-gable roof, exposed rafter tails, wood sheathing in the gable ends, and replacement windows. House, 1942 C-B 440 Highland Park Road The plain, one-story L-shaped dwelling is constructed of concrete block and is capped by a standingseam metal side-gable roof. The house features board-and-batten siding in the gable ends, exposed rafter tails, and three-over-one double-hung sash. An attached shed-roof entry porch has been enclosed with groups of one-over-one windows. A Outbuilding, ca. 1942 C-B Located at the front of the property, the one-story gable-roof outbuilding is constructed of concrete block and capped by a standing-seam metal roof with exposed rafter tails. A single-leaf entry door is located on the southeast elevation facing the house, and a window opening on the rear (northwest) elevation is boarded over. B Shed, ca. 1995 NC-B Prefabricated one-story front-gable building with a metal roof and siding is accessed through double- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 159 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC leaf doors on the west elevation. HIGHVIEW LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) NORTH HILLANDALE DRIVE Part of the Hillandale subdivision, which was platted on land belonging to Joseph Kolendo beginning in 1956. House, 1961 C-B 308 N. Hillandale Drive One-story Ranch with brick veneer, side gable roof, and two-over-two double-hung windows. Open porch along front entry and single carport. House, 1964 C-B 310 N. Hillandale Drive One-story Ranch with brick veneer, cross gable roof, and six-over-six double-hung windows. Open porch along front entry and attached two-car garage. House, 1964 C-B 312 N. Hillandale Drive Two-story Ranch house with brick and wood veneer, front gable roof, sliding windows, and brick chimney along front elevation. Large, two-pane glass opening above front entry. Single carport. House, 1998 NC-B 313 N. Hillandale Drive One-story Cape Cod house with vinyl siding, side gable roof, dormer windows, and open porch along front elevation. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 160 House, 1963 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 314 N. Hillandale Drive Two-story Ranch house with brick and wood veneer, cross gable roof, two-over-two double-hung, lateral brick chimney, and single carport. Open porch along front entry and carport. House, 1966 NC-B 315 N. Hillandale Drive One-story Ranch house with brick veneer, cross gable roof, six-over-six double-hung windows, and interior brick chimney. Open columned porch along front elevation and single carport. House, 1960 C-B 316 N. Hillandale Drive One-story Ranch house with brick and wood veneer, cross gable roof, one-over-one double-hung windows, and brick chimney along front elevation. Open porch along front entry and attached single car garage. House, 1960 C-B 317 N. Hillandale Drive One-story brick Ranch house has a side gable roof, one-over-one double-hung windows, brick chimney, and single-bay carport. Three, decorative single-pane decorative windows are located on the façade. House, 1960 C-B 318 N. Hillandale Drive One-story Ranch house with brick veneer, cross gable roof, and nine-light picture window. Open porch along front entry and attached single-car garage. House, 1962 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 161 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 319 N. Hillandale Drive One-story Ranch house with brick veneer, cross gable roof, and one-over-one double-hung windows. Lateral brick chimney and open porch along front elevation. House, 1970 NC-B 321 N. Hillandale Drive One-story brick Ranch house has a side gable roof and a single-bay carport. House, 1965 NC-B 323 N. Hillandale Drive Two-story Ranch house with brick and wood veneer, cross gable roof, one-over-one double-hung windows, and interior brick chimney. Open columned two-story porch along front elevation and attached single-car garage. House, 1959 C-B 325 N. Hillandale Drive One-story Ranch house with wood veneer, cross gable roof, and two-over-two double-hung windows. Open porch along front entry and double carport. NORTH HILLANDALE DRIVE EXTENSION 210, 248, 257, 265, 268, 277 N. Hillandale Drive Extension NC-B (6) Six one- or one-and-a-half-story Ranch houses or modular homes dating from 1997-2006 that are part of the Hillandale subdivision, which was platted on land belonging to Joseph Kolendo beginning in 1956. SOUTH HILLANDALE DRIVE Part of the Hillandale subdivision, which was platted on land belonging to Joseph Kolendo beginning in 1956. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 162 House, 1968 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 203 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof features an interior brick chimney, polygonal front bay window, single-leaf entry door with sidelights, replacement one-over-one windows, and an engaged single-bay carport. The overhanging roof eave shelters a shallow front porch, with vertical wood sheathing covering the façade beneath the porch. House, 1960 C-B 204 S. Hillandale Drive One-story front-gable frame Ranch house with brick veneer and weatherboards has a brick façade chimney, attached front-gable porch on paired square posts, and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. The house exhibits an asymmetrical roof that extends to engage a frame bay on the south end of the façade, which is entered through a single-leaf entry door. This side wing may have originally been a single-bay carport or garage that has been enclosed. House, 1963 C-B 206 S. Hillandale Drive One-and-a-half story split-level house is composed of a two-story hip-roof wing and a one-story sidegable wing. Clad with brick veneer and wood sheathing, the two-story wing has an engaged porch supported by decorative metal posts and a cantilevered floor. Two sets of French doors open onto the porch, which shelters replacement one-over-one sash on the basement level. The house has an interior brick chimney, twoover-two and replacement one-over-one double-hung sash, and an engaged single-bay carport in the onestory wing. House, 1958 C-B 207 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has a hip-roof end wing, brick façade chimney, façade picture window, inset entry porch, two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins, and an engaged garage wing. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 163 House, 1958 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 208 S. Hillandale Drive One-story side-gable Ranch house with brick veneer and wood sheathing has a front-gable end bay, brick façade chimney, attached pergola porch, one-over-one windows, replacement metal roof, and an attached single-bay garage wing. House, 1961 C-B 209 S. Hillandale Drive One-story side-gable Ranch house with weatherboards and a brick apron has an interior brick chimney and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. A front-gable garage wing projects to the front of the house and display randomly-coursed stone veneer and a pair of diamond-paned windows on the front elevation. House, 1960 C-B 210 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a hip roof has an exterior brick chimney, two-over-two doublehung sash with horizontal muntins, and an engaged porch and carport supported by thin metal posts. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door and a small façade picture window. A frame storage room clad with wide weatherboards is located at the rear of the carport. House, 1959 C-B 211 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has interior brick chimney and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. An engaged single-bay garage is located at the west end of the façade. The tall center section of the roof engages a porch supported on slender columns. House, 1961 212 S. Hillandale Drive C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 164 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has an exterior brick chimney, weatherboards in the gable ends, and an engaged porch and carport supported square posts. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door and a three-part façade picture window. A frame storage room clad with weatherboards is located at the rear of the carport. A Shed, 2003 NC-S One-story front-gambrel roof frame storage shed with plywood sheathing and double-leaf crossbraced doors. House, 1957 C-B 213 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a hip roof displays an interior brick chimney, attached frontgable porch on thin metal posts, and replacement one-over-one windows. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door and façade picture window. An engaged single-bay frame garage is clad with vertical wood sheathing and entered through a glazed-and-paneled overhead door. A Shed, 1957 C-S Located at the northeast corner of the property behind the house, the small brick-veneer shed has a front-gable roof, weatherboards in the gable ends, and three-light aluminum-frame windows. House, 1958 C-B 214 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with broad front-gable roof displays weatherboards in the gable ends, a brick façade chimney, and replacement one-over-one double-hung windows. An attached front-gable porch supported on thin metal porch shelters a single-leaf entry door and small two-part picture window. The asymmetrical roof extends to the west to engage a single-bay carport with a frame storage room along the west side. A gable-roof ell and an attached shed-roof screened porch project to the rear of the house. House, 1955 C-B 215 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof features a front-gable wing that engages an inset entry porch supported on a single square corner post. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door. The NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 165 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC house has an interior brick chimney and vertical wood sheathing on the engaged single-bay garage. The house exhibits a façade picture window and replacement one-over-one sash. An enclosed shed-roof porch extends to the rear of the house. A Shed, 2003 NC-S One-story front-gambrel roof frame storage shed with plywood sheathing and double-leaf crossbraced doors. House, 1960 C-B 216 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof features a large front-gable wing, inset entry porch, brick façade chimney, and an engaged single-bay carport supported on square posts. The windows are typically one-over-one double-hung sash with the notable exception of two eight-over-eight double-hung sash over wood panels on the front elevation of the front-gable wing. Two sets of sliding-glass doors on the rear elevation open onto an attached wood deck, which is partially covered by an asymmetrical gable-roof canopy supported on square wood posts with triangular brackets. House, 1960 C-B 217 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has an interior brick chimney, engaged single-bay garage, and replacement one-over-one windows. An uncovered front stoop accesses the singleleaf entry door. A frame utility room and an enclosed shed-roof porch are located on the rear elevation. House, 1970 NC-B 218 S. Hillandale Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a prominent front gable roof that engages a single-bay carport on the east elevation displays a brick façade chimney, façade picture window, six-over-six double-hung sash, and a shed-roof entry canopy. House, 1969 219 S. Hillandale Drive NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 166 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story side-gable Ranch house with brick veneer and vinyl siding has a stuccoed interior chimney, façade picture window, replacement windows, and an attached shed-roof screened porch at the rear. An engaged single-bay garage on the façade has been enclosed with a nine-light picture window. HOPEWELL LANE House, 1994 NC-B 2 Hopewell Lane One-story side-gable Neo-traditional frame house with a stuccoed foundation, vinyl siding, one-over-one windows, and an attached partial-width shed porch supported by bracketed posts. House, 1997 NC-B 4 Hopewell Lane One-story front-gable frame house with a stuccoed foundation, board-and-batten siding, boxed façade chimney, and an attached shed-roof screened porch. Single-pane fixed-sash windows flank the chimney in gable end. House, 1957 C-B 8 Hopewell Lane Small, one-story side-gable frame house has a brick pier foundation, aluminum siding, exposed rafter tails, and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. The house is capped by a corrugated metal roof, and a front-gable entry porch shelters the single-leaf entry door. A gable-roof screened porch is attached to the side elevation. House, 1961, ca. 2010 C-B 10 Hopewell Lane One-story side-gable frame Ranch house with a full basement exposed at the rear has been covered with vinyl siding. The house has two-over-two windows with horizontal muntins on the main level and three-light aluminum-frame louver windows in the basement. An elevated wood deck is attached to the west side elevation of the house, and a new elevated wood deck at the rear extends the full width of the house. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 167 House, 1976 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 11 Hopewell Lane One-story side-gable frame house with a full basement is covered with vertical wood sheathing. The lowpitched roof has a shed extension to the rear and an attached, elevated, shed-roof screened porch on the front. The house has exhibits an exterior chimney, set back side wing, and new wood steps that extend from the street to the second-story porch entrance. IDLEWILD LANE Idlewild, ca. 1915 C-B 74 Idlewild Lane Large one-and-one-half-story Craftsman bungalow with a side-gable roof, front and rear shed dormers, interior stone chimneys, stone pier foundation, and an engaged full-width porch that extends one bay beyond each end of the façade as an attached side-gable porch. The porch is carried by bracketed wood posts on a weatherboarded balustrade. Covered with weatherboards, the house features exposed rafter tails, purlin brackets in the gable ends, and twelve-over-one double-hung sash windows. A shed-roof screened porch is attached to the rear elevation of the house and abuts a one-story gable-roof ell that extends to the rear. A gable-roof porch attached to the rear of the ell is partially enclosed with screened window openings above a partial-height wall covered with weatherboards. The house is reportedly constructed of chestnut and covered with chestnut weatherboards. The well-maintained landscape elements include a long, unpaved, tree-lined drive from Greenville Highway, stone curbing along the drive, loop driveway in front of the house, and the pond. An asphalt tennis court, added in the late twentieth century, is surrounded by a chain-link fence. It is located in a wooded area of the property to the west of the house. According to a 1912 survey, Alfred Huger and his wife, Margaret Myndese Huger, of Charleston, South Carolina, acquired nine acres of land from the Flat Rock Country Club. The nine-acre tract was mostly wooded with approximately two cleared acres near the center of the property. In 1917, the Hugers sold a section of land along Idlewild's southern property line to Bessie A. Ficklen (see 2925 Greenville Highway). The Hugers’ son Daniel, and his wife Frances Pelzer, inherited Idlewild but considered selling it to Sky Top Apple Orchard on Pinnacle Mountain Road. Instead, they built a new house to the north of the main house in 1965, living there in the summers while their children and grandchildren stayed in the big house. The property remains in the Huger family; their daughter Elizabeth (Lizzie) Huger Sterling owns the property and, in 1994, built a guest house (see below) near a small lake. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 168 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A Caretaker’s House, 94 Idlewild Lane, ca. 1915 C-B Located to the south of the main house, the caretaker’s house is an L-shaped frame dwelling covered with weatherboards and composed of a one-and-a-half-story front-gable block that abuts a one-story section. The tall front-gable section displays shed-roof wall dormers on either side, overhanging front eave, double-leaf wood garage doors, and an upper-story balcony supported on triangular brackets. A single-leaf entry topped by a transom accesses stairs to the upper story interior. Windows are typically six-over-six double-hung sash. A two-story one-bay wing at the rear appears to have been added. It is finished with eight-over-eight windows and rests on a concrete block foundation. The perpendicular wing has roof hip where it adjoins the other section of the building, while the end of the roof facing out is a typical gable end. This section is also entered through double-leaf wood garage doors with six-over-six windows on the rear elevation. B Barn, ca. 1920 C-B A one-and-a-half-story front-gable frame barn stands near the lake on the western side of the property. The structure, which is three bays deep, features an asphalt-shingle roof, exposed rafter tails, double-leaf wood doors in the gable end, and a four-light window in the upper gable end. The barn is entered through a single-leaf wood door on a sliding track. The first-story windows appear to be replacement one-over-one sash. An open, two-bay, shed-roof extension projecting to the north is a latetwentieth century addition. C Daniel and Frances Huger House, 70 Idlewild Lane, 1965 NC-B One story hip-roof Ranch-style house is covered with board-and-batten siding that is accented by a stone foundation, exterior stone chimney on the façade, and stone piers framing the entrance bay. A screened porch is engaged at the east end of the house. The front-gable entrance porch is supported by wood posts on stone piers. A one-bay hip-roof wing extends to the rear. The windows, which are covered with screens on the exterior, appear to be either six-over-six or eight-over-eight sash. D Gazebo, 1990s NC-S An octagonal frame gazebo stands alongside the loop driveway in front of the house. The structure displays an asphalt-shingle roof, bracketed square wood posts, a cross-braced balustrade, and built-in wood bench seats. E Shelter, ca. 1994 NC-S Built adjacent to the tennis court, the one-story shed-roof open frame shelter consists of a corrugated metal roof supported by bracketed square wood posts. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 169 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Idlewild Guest House, 1994 NC-B 134 Idlewild Lane This one-story side-gable frame residence was built in 1994 as a guest house by the current owner of Idlewild (see 74 Idlewild Lane). The house is composed of a tall central block flanked by lower side wings with a wraparound porch on the east wing. It is finished similarly to the main house, Idlewild, with weatherboards, bracketed porch posts, and six-over-six windows. A large exterior stone chimney is set at a forty-five-degree angle on the northeast corner of the house, and an elevated wood deck wraps around the porch. A gable-roof wing overlooking the pond contains a screened porch. SOUTH INGLENOOK LANE See Highland Lake Village subdivision INVERNESS COURT See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) IVY LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) JACAMAR WAY See Teneriffe subdivision (Boundary Decrease) JEFFERSON FOREST DRIVE See Chanteloup Country Estates subdivision KALIMAR HEIGHTS See Kalimar Heights subdivision Farm Manager’s House, ca. 1913 C-B (2) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 170 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 10 Kalimar Heights Originally built as the farm manager’s house for adjacent Mountain Lodge (486 Rutledge Drive), the two-story Colonial Revival-style house is constructed of stone masonry on the first story and features a gambrel roof with three segmental-arch dormers on the façade. The four-bay first-story façade contains three sets of twelve-light wood casements and an entrance bay with French doors. Windows on the upper story are typically six- and eight-light casements. A stone terrace carries across the full width of the façade. A set back wing extends one bay from the north elevation and is similarly finished, but the dormer contains replacement sash. The house features an interior stone chimney, weatherboards on the upper story and dormers, attached shed-roof rear porch, and a one-story gable-roof rear wing with a polygonal bay window. In 2009, a small, one-bay flat-roof extension was built from the rear of the set back wing to connect with a detached guest house (Contributing resource), originally built around 1963. The one-story, side-gable, frame structure rests on a stone foundation and features an interior stone chimney, multi-light wood casement windows, and an attached partial-width shed-roof porch supported on square wood posts. The unusual north roof slope forms a gambrel with two hip-roof dormer windows. A polygonal bay window was added to the west elevation in 2009. A central single-leaf entry door has been removed, and the guest house is now entered through the connector bay. The nearly six-acre property retains a number of intact landscaping elements including the stone entrance pillars with iron gates, winding entrance drive with stone gutters and curbing, stone paths, and long-range views. The stone terraces lying in front of the house remain in place along with curving stone retaining walls, stone steps, and mature boxwood plantings. Stone walls and brick paving remnants from original farm outbuildings and dairy remain in place to the north of the house. A Swimming pool, ca. 1963 C-O A concrete in-ground swimming pool was built to the rear of the house in the 1960s. The pool is surrounded by a flagstone patio that is part of a small courtyard formed by the main house to the east, guest house wing to the north, and driveway to the west. B Garage, ca. 1913 C-B One-story, single-bay, hip-roof frame garage has a concrete floor, weatherboard siding, exposed rafter tails, and three twelve-over-twelve double-hung sash windows on the side elevations. The garage bay is entered through sliding wood doors composed of four panels filled with diagonal beaded boards. C Tractor Shed, ca. 1963 C-B One-story front-gable frame structure rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The building is open at both ends with two-over-two horizontal-muntin sash windows on each of the long elevations. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 171 D Office, ca. 1963 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B Small one-story side-gable frame building has weatherboard siding, six-over-six double-hung sash, and an engaged full-width porch supported by square wood posts. The porch floor and foundation are constructed of stone, but the building rests on a concrete block foundation. The office is entered through a central single-leaf six-panel wood door. E Shed, ca. 1998 NC-B Built as small stable and storage shed, the side-gable building rests on a concrete foundation and is clad with plywood sheathing. The building has three stalls with wooden Dutch doors on the exterior. A single-leaf entry door is located in the east gable end. F Barn, ca. 1998 NC-B Located to the west of the house, the modern one-story gable-roof frame barn is covered with weatherboards and sits on a concrete foundation. The structure has an offset passage that is open at both ends and entered through a sliding wood door attached to the exterior. An open shed extension projects to the west. KANUGA ROAD At the west end of the district, Kanuga Road is a new twentieth-century road through Beaumont estate land. It continues past Pleasant Hill estate to where it joins its old roadbed at the intersection of Little River Road near the entrance to Camp Pinnacle where it becomes Crab Creek Road. House, 1969 NC-B 2702 Kanuga Road The one-story frame Ranch house is covered with Masonite siding and capped by a side-gable roof. The dwelling has an engaged partial-width porch carried on boxed wood posts that shelters a single-leaf entry and three pairs of tall windows. An enclosed porch and deck are attached at the rear. An attached garage wing on the northwest elevation is clad with randomly-coursed stone veneer. House, ca. 1995 2708 Kanuga Road NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 172 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC This rambling one-story frame house sits on a concrete foundation and is covered with wood shingles. The house has two projecting front-gable wings on the façade, angled side wing to the southeast, attached shed-roof porch on the rear, and an attached deck extending the full length of the rear (southwest) elevation. A Guest House, 2706 Kanuga Road, 1953 C-B One-and-a-half-story front-gable frame house is covered with board-and-batten siding and has sixover-six double-hung sash. An attached one-story shed-roof porch on the façade is supported by metal pipe columns and shelters a single-leaf entry and multi-might picture window. A central window is sheltered by a flat-roof canopy supported by triangular brackets. The top of the canopy serves as a stoop for a second-story entry door and is reached from an exterior stair rising against the façade. House, 2003 NC-B 2732 Kanuga Road One-story hip-roof frame house rests on a stuccoed foundation and is covered with Hardieplank siding and shingles. An attached front-gable porch has an exposed roof structure that is supported by square wood posts on stone piers. A two-car garage extends as a wing on the east side, and an attached wood deck projects to the rear. A Garage, 2003 NC-B A one-story hip-roof frame garage is located in front of the house, between the house and the road. Resting on a concrete foundation, the building is covered with Hardieplank siding and has single-pane windows. House, 1985 NC-B 2806 Kanuga Road Set back from the road and accessed by an unpaved driveway, the one-story contemporary brick-veneer Ranch has a prominent front-gable end bay, inset porch, exterior brick chimney, and one-over-one windows. An engaged two-bay garage at the south end of the house has been enclosed with sliding-glass doors. House, 1966 2900 Kanuga Road NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 173 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story brick-veneer Ranch house has board-and-batten siding and an exposed brick basement. A shallow engaged porch is carried on slender square wood posts; a brick-veneer apron extends across the façade. The house has an interior brick chimney, replacement plate-glass windows, and two garage bays located in the basement. A Pond, 1966 C-S A small pond located in the yard is formed by stacked stone walls and encircled by a gravel path. An outer stone retaining wall defines the path surrounding the pond and has a low stair opening that provides access. House, 1961 C-B 2922 Kanuga Road This one-story, hip-roof Ranch house has a raised basement, brick veneer, an interior brick chimney, and two-over-two windows with horizontal muntins. An inset porch is located at the center of the façade and the opening is framed by decorative metal posts and low brick planters. House, 1955 C-B 3002 Kanuga Road An altered one-story side-gable Ranch house with stone veneer on the façade has brick veneer on the side elevations and a brick apron on the side wing. The set back side-gable wing and gable ends are clad with vinyl siding. An attached front-gable porch shelters a single-leaf entrance and is supported on metal posts. Replacement casement windows are located on the façade and eight-over-eight double-hung sash are located on the side wing. A gable-roof porch projecting from gable end of the wing shelters a single-leaf entry and is accessed from brick steps. House, 1952 C-B 3004 Kanuga Road One-story, side-gable, brick-veneer Ranch house on an exposed basement has a front-gable wing that contains a large nine-light picture window on the façade. The house features an interior stone chimney, plywood sheathing in the gable ends, and two-over-two sash with horizontal muntins. The single-leaf entry door abuts the south side of the front wing and is framed by wood paneling. To the north of the front wing, the house is clad with German siding. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 174 House, 1992 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 3010 Kanuga Road One-story side-gable frame house sits on a raised basement and is clad with vinyl siding. A shallow engaged porch is supported by slender wood posts with a wood balustrade. The single-leaf entry is framed by sidelights. A set back side wing projects to the north. House, 1920 NC-B 3018 Kanuga Road Heavily altered one-story, side gable frame dwelling sits on a concrete block foundation. The house is covered with vinyl siding and capped by a new metal roof. The house a projecting front-gable wing and replacement picture windows and one-over-one sash. A Garage, ca. 2000 NC-B A one-story side-gable prefabricated metal garage building stands in front of the house. The building is covered with metal siding and has two garage bays entered through metal overhead doors. House, 1970 NC-B 3020 Kanuga Road The one-story side gable Ranch house with two front gable bays has been altered with stone veneer and vinyl siding. The house exhibits an interior chimney, replacement entry doors, and replacement windows. An unpaved loop driveway passing in front of the house is lined with young deciduous trees. A Carport, 2008 NC-S A two-car carport with an open shed extension features square wood posts with diagonal brackets, metal roof, and vinyl siding in the gable end. House, 1977 3870 Kanuga Road NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 175 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story side-gable frame Ranch house has a decorative front gable sheltering a shallow bay containing a polygonal bay window and a single-leaf entry flanked by sidelights. The house is covered with wide wood siding and has a stone veneer bay at the end of the façade. One garage bay is located on the façade with a second garage bay located in the basement. A pent roof on the side elevation shelters the basement garage and French doors. A squat, louvered cupola with a pyramidal roof sits atop the roof ridgeline. House, 1989 NC-B 3878 Kanuga Road One-story side-gable Ranch house displays brick veneer on the façade and vinyl siding on the side elevations. A shallow engaged porch is carried on slender wood posts and shelters a single-leaf entry door with a single sidelight. The house has modern casement windows and two garage bays on the façade. House, 1954 NC-B 4010 Kanuga Road One-story hip-roof Ranch house is covered with plain stucco and has an interior brick chimney and rowlock-course brick window sills. The windows are replacement one-over-one sash. A projecting hip-roof front wing features an inset porch supported by decorative metal corner post. Vinyl siding has been installed on the northeast elevation and in the soffits. A Garage, ca. 2000 NC-B A shed-roof two-car garage is set into the hillside immediately south of the house. The walls of the garage are stuccoed with plywood sheathing in the shed-roof ends. B Shed, ca. 2000 NC-B One-story shed-roof storage building is located against the woods at the eastern edge of the property. The north bay of the structure is enclosed with plywood sheathing and a single-leaf entry door. The southern section consists of two open bays supported on wooden poles. The front shed is attached to a large shed-roof structure that is covered with sheathing boards and supported on a wood post foundation. C Car shed, ca. 2000 One-story front-gable metal-frame car shelter with a corrugated metal roof and square posts. KANUGA HEIGHTS LANE NC-S NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 176 House, 1993 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 30 Kanuga Heights Lane One-story side gable frame Ranch house is covered with weatherboards. It has an attached partial-width shed porch and an engaged garage entered on the side elevation. The porch is supported by square wood posts with a wood balustrade. House, 1977 NC-B 62 Kanuga Heights Lane Contemporary one-story frame dwelling with sharply defined side-gable roof rests on an exposed basement. The house features weatherboard siding, exterior chimney wrapped in diagonal wood sheathing, replacement windows, and an attached wraparound wood deck. House, 1911 C-B 120 Kanuga Heights Lane Built around 1911, the one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame dwelling is covered with wood shingle siding. The house features two interior brick chimneys, one-story gable-roof side wing, and replacement oneover-one windows. A deep, overhanging eave on the façade shelters shallow projecting bays containing the entrance and flanking window groups. The entrance is composed of a single-leaf door framed by engaged columns and surmounted by a segmental-arch fanlight. A wide stone terrace lies in front of the house. A large shed dormer is located on the rear roof slope, which extends to form a shed-roof garage wing at the rear of the house with a front-gable entrance bay. The house was originally part of the Beaumont estate, possibly a caretaker’s or farm manager’s house. Occupying a twelve-acre site, the property linked into the estate drives of Beaumont and, in addition to the house, included two domestic outbuildings close to the house, two hen houses, a four-car stone garage and stable, wash rack, glass greenhouse, and a guest house (see 184 Kanuga Heights Lane). House, 1955 C-B 148 Kanuga Heights Lane Constructed of ashlar masonry, this one-story side-gable house has been enlarged with a gable-roof front wing to form the present L-shaped plan. The main block of the house has a polygonal bay window and a single-leaf entry framed by wide sidelights. The front wing is covered with weatherboards and has modern NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 177 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC one-over-one windows. An interior brick chimney rises above the roof line. An attached shed-roof carport projects from the side of the main block. House, 1951 NC-B 163 Kanuga Heights Lane One-story side-gable stone house rests on a full basement with a two-car garage accessed from the south side of the house. Constructed of pink ashlar blocks, the house features a façade chimney, replacement windows, and an attached deck at the rear. An attached gable-roof end porch on the south elevation above the garage entrance has been enclosed with modern casement windows, wood paneling, and plate-glass windows in the upper gable end. House, 1911 C-B 184 Kanuga Heights Lane Resting on a stone foundation, the one-and-a-half-story, front-gable frame house features an interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap, decorative sawn bargeboards and purlin brackets, weatherboards, and an inset corner porch. Windows on the first story are tripartite casements. A group of three windows in the upper gable end opens onto a balcony supported on diagonal brackets. A gabled dormer is located on the southeast side roof slope. Built around 1911, the house was originally built as a guest house for the residence at 120 Kanuga Heights Lane, which was part of the Beaumont estate. A Shed, ca. 1975 NC-B One-story shed-roof frame storage building stands immediately southeast of the house. It is covered with plywood sheathing and capped by a metal roof House, 1969 NC-B 206 Kanuga Heights Lane One-story-plus-basement side gable Ranch house is brick on the lower story and aluminum-clad frame on the upper story. A one-story flat-roof garage wing projects to the north and has a small gable-roof wing extending from the house onto the roof of the garage, which serves as open terrace with a wood balustrade. Set at a slight angle, a straight run of exterior stairs approaches the single-leaf entrance on the upper story. The entrance is sheltered by a small inset porch with a square corner posts. The projecting center bay of the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 178 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC upper story is supported on two brick piers. The house has an interior brick chimney and replacement windows. KENDALE COURT Part of the Hillandale Subdivision Section 2, which was platted on land belonging to Joseph Kolendo in 1958. House, 1960 C-B 318 Kendale Court One-story front-gable Ranch house with brick and wood siding has weatherboards in the gable ends, brick façade chimney, and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. An attached front-gable porch is carried on thin metal posts and shelters a single-leaf entry and picture window. The west roof slope extends to engage a side bay that appears to have been a single-bay garage but is now enclosed and entered through sliding-glass doors. House, 1959 C-B 320 Kendale Court One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has a brick façade chimney, replacement oneover-one sash, and an engaged single-bay carport. An attached front-gable porch, which has weatherboards in the gable end, is carried on thin metal posts and shelters a single-leaf entry door and façade picture window. House, 1964 C-B 322 Kendale Court One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a tall side-gable roof has a basement exposed on the west side of the residence. The house displays a replacement five-light picture window, replacement one-over-one double-hung sash, semi-engaged shed-roof porch carried on square posts, and an engaged single-bay garage. House, 1962 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 179 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 324 Kendale Court Brick-veneer split-level house with a two-story front-gable block adjoining a one-story side-gable wing. The front-gable section has an overhanging second-story, vinyl siding on the second story, and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. The one-story wing features an interior brick chimney, single-leaf entry door with a sidelight to one side, nine-light picture windows, and an engaged single-bay carport. House, 1996 NC-B 326 Kendale Court One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house is clad with vinyl siding and features an engaged full-width porch on turned posts, set back side wing, and eight-over-eight windows. A Swimming pool, ca. 1996 NC-S An in-ground swimming pool is located to the north of the house. House, 1957 C-B 329 Kendale Court One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has a façade picture window, uncovered front stoop, and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. An exterior brick chimney rises against the east elevation, within the engaged single-bay carport. House, 1959 C-B 331 Kendale Court One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a hip-roof has a façade picture window, replacement one-overone windows, an attached shed-roof porch, and an engaged single-bay carport. House, 1967 NC-B 333 Kendale Court Tall one-story front-gable Ranch house with brick veneer and vinyl siding, replacement one-over-one windows and an engaged single-bay carport. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 180 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1960 C-B 335 Kendale Court One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof features an engaged porch on paired square posts, interior brick chimney, engaged single-bay carport, and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. KENMURE DRIVE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) KING CREEK PRESERVE LANE See King Creek Preserve subdivision KINROSS DRIVE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Gounds. House, 1979 NC-B 20 Kinross Drive One-and-a-half-story front-gable frame house on an exposed basement has vertical wood siding, sixover-six windows, and an attached wood deck overlooking Pine Drive to the north. Sliding-glass doors open onto the deck. A rear ell contains a two-car garage. House, 1963 C-B 40 Kinross Drive One-story front-gable Ranch house with wood shingle and brick-veneer siding displays an inset entry porch, replacement windows, interior brick chimney, and an attached single-bay carport. A tall, one-story side-gable frame addition has been added to the rear of the house. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 181 House, 1950 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 60 Kinross Drive One-story Rustic Revival-style frame dwelling is oriented perpendicular to the street, with its entry on the north elevation. Resting on a stone foundation, the house features a side-gable roof, board-and-batten siding, exterior stone end chimney, and six-over-six double-hung sash. An attached deck carries across the north elevation and provides access to the single-leaf entry, which is sheltered by an attached shed-roof entry porch supported on square wood posts. A two-story front-gable frame addition at the rear is finished with board-and-batten siding and modern one-over-one windows. House, 1954 C-B 100 Kinross Drive One-story side-gable frame Ranch house sits on a concrete block foundation and is clad with paneled wood sheathing. An inset screened porch occupies the south end of the façade. The house has an interior chimney, small enclosed rear porch, French doors opening on the front screened porch, and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. House, 1960, ca. 2010 NC-B 101 Kinross Drive Heavily remodeled two-story side-gable frame dwelling house is rendered in modern Arts-and-Craftsinfluenced style with multiple exterior materials, large interior stone chimney, and multiple gable bays and dormers with exposed rafter tails and triangular eave brackets. The house is finished with board-and-batten siding on the first story and weatherboards on the second. The windows are two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins, and a multi-light picture window is located on the façade. A projecting central pavilion is open on the first story and supported on stone piers. An attached shed-roof porch to the south of the pavilion is supported on paired square wood posts with truss brackets. House, 1973 NC-B 110 Kinross Drive One-story front-gable frame Ranch house has a brick foundation, paneled wood sheathing, exterior brick chimney, and six-over-six windows. The façade is sheltered by an screened frame porch. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 182 House, 1932, ca. 1995 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 210 Kinross Drive Dating from the early 1930s, the original two-story front-gable frame house appears to have been remodeled, at least once, in the 1990s, with additions to the main block. The façade, which may have originally been a hip-roof two-story open porch, exhibits an inset porch on the first story and enclosed rooms on the second story. The porch is carried on boxed wood posts with on brick piers. A one-story shed-roof carport is attached on the south elevation and links to the porch from the side. The house is covered with German siding and has replacement six-over-six windows. A one-story shed-roof addition on the north elevation may be an enclosed porch. House, 1974 NC-B 219 Kinross Drive This one-story contemporary frame house has a rustic character with its uncoursed stone foundation, paneled wood sheathing, enclosed front-gable wing, and six-over-six double-hung sash. The small inset porch is accessed by stone steps with a metal handrail. The corner porch post displays a decorative triangular bracket. An inset porch along the north side has been enclosed. House, 1974 NC-B 220 Kinross Drive One-story contemporary frame house with a low-pitched front-gable roof has a prominent gabled entry canopy. The canopy is supported by triangular brackets and shelters a single-leaf entry. The house exhibits paneled wood sheathing, large two-light windows, attached single-bay carport to the side, and an attached deck at the rear of the carport. House, 1999 NC-B 240 Kinross Drive One-story side-gable Neo-traditional frame house has weatherboard siding, interior chimney, and an engaged full-width porch. An attached screened porch is located at the rear, and a small gabled entry porch is located on the south elevation. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 183 House, 1959 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 241 Kinross Drive One-story Craftsman-influenced frame house has a front-gable roof with an attached front-gable porch supported on thin metal posts. Clad with vinyl siding, the house features an interior brick chimney, sidegable wing with an enclosed porch, and six-over-six double-hung sash. A gable-roof addition extends to the rear of the side wing. House, 1975 NC-B 251 Kinross Drive One-story side-gable frame house is covered with weatherboards and has an interior brick chimney and an engaged full-width screened porch on the façade. House, 1950 C-B 260 Kinross Drive One-story Rustic Revival-style frame house has a side-gable roof with exposed rafter tails and is covered with board-and-batten siding. The house has an interior brick chimney, six-over-six double-hung sash, and an engaged screened side porch. The single-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry door is sheltered by a shed-roof canopy on triangular brackets. A carport is attached at the rear of the house. House, 1960 C-B 271 Kinross Drive Resting on concrete block foundation, this one-story side-gable frame house has a rustic character with board-and-batten siding, an interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and two projecting front-gable bays framing the central inset screened porch. Windows are typically two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. House, 1955 C-B 280 Kinross Drive One-story side-gable frame house has an engaged full-width porch carried on square wood posts. Resting NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 184 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC on a brick foundation, the house features an interior brick chimney, set back side wing, and six-over-six double-hung sash. House, 1938, ca. 1950 C-B 300 Kinross Drive [Photo 14] The rustic character of this one-story side-gable frame house derives from its stone foundation, exterior stone chimney on the façade, and board-and-batten siding. The single-leaf entrance is flanked by replacement one-over-one windows, and a front-gable bay is located at the north end of the façade. A twostory front-gable addition on the south elevation is covered with board-and-batten siding and contains sixover-six double-hung windows. Some windows have been replaced with two-over-two sash with horizontal muntins. A Outbuilding, ca. 1995 NC-B Located at the south corner of the property, the small, two-story frame outbuilding rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with plywood sheathing. Like the main house, it consists of both a onestory and a two-story section capped by shed roofs with exposed rafters, and it displays decorative eave brackets, single-leaf solid wood door, and one-over-one windows. House, 1979 NC-B 319 Kinross Drive One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house with vertical wood siding has an enclosed shed-roof porch on the façade, replacement one-over-one windows, and a one-story frame addition on the side. A Guest House, 1983 NC-B One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house with vertical wood siding has two separate single-leaf entry doors on the façade, attached front-deck, and one-over-one windows. House, 1986 NC-B 320 Kinross Drive One-story modern frame Ranch house is covered with vinyl siding and sits on a brick foundation. The house has a front-gable end bay, single-bay garage on the façade, one-over-one windows, and a inset entrance bay. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 185 House, 1961 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 330 Kinross Drive One-story frame Ranch house sits on a brick foundation and is covered with paneled wood sheathing. The house has a tall side-gable roof, interior brick chimney, engaged single-bay carport, and six-over-six windows. A front-gable wing contains a screened entry porch. House, 1960 C-B 331 Kinross Drive Situated on a double lot, the one-story front-gable frame house is covered with board-and-batten siding and sits on a concrete block foundation. The house features an exterior brick chimney on the façade, exposed rafter tails, single-leaf entry and brick stoop, multi-light casement windows, and a screened porch on the southeast elevation. House, 1970 NC-B 350 Kinross Drive One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house with a one-story rear wing is covered with vinyl siding and features two gabled dormers on the front elevation, six-over-six double-hung sash, and an attached full-width shed-roof porch supported on square wood posts. House, 1968 NC-B 351 Kinross Drive This unusual one-and-a-half-story frame house has a side-gable roof with a long roof slope is located on the front of the structure. The house features paneled wood sheathing, façade picture window, two-light sliding windows, and an exterior brick chimney. A wood deck is attached to the front of the house, and a one-story screened porch extends from the rear. House, 1960 360 Kinross Drive C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 186 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story side-gable frame Ranch house has a concrete block foundation, German siding, exterior chimney, and replacement one-over-one windows. An attached shed-roof porch is supported on replacement posts and has a replacement balustrade. House, 1936 C-B 370 Kinross Drive The rustic character of this small, one-story frame house derives from its board-and-batten siding, exterior stone chimney, exposed rafter tails, nine-light windows, and attached shed-roof screened porch on the side elevation. The house has been enlarged with a tall, one-story, front-gable addition at the rear. House, 1959 C-B 371 Kinross Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house has a side-gable roof, weatherboards in the gable ends, an interior brick chimney, and replacement one-over-one double-hung sash. The inset entrance bay contains a singleleaf entry door flanked by sidelights. A gable-roof wing extends to the rear of the house. House, 1968 NC-B 390 Kinross Drive One-story side-gable Ranch house is covered with wood shingles and brick veneer siding. A broad, projecting front-gable roof supported on square wood posts forms a porte cochere on the façade. The house has an interior brick chimney, double-hung sash with diamond-shaped panes, and a single-bay carport on the side elevation. Carroll Cottage, 1961 C-B 391 Kinross Drive The First Gastonia Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Gastonia, North Carolina, owns this substantial two-story side-gable frame house, which was designed by architect James L. Beam. Clad with vinyl siding, the structure features a large front-gable screened porch on the façade, exterior brick chimney, and replacement one-over-one sash. The projecting screened porch is flanked by attached, one-story shed- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 187 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC roof open porch extending the full-width of the façade. An exterior fire stair rises against the east elevation. 68 House, 1960 C-B 400 Kinross Drive The Providence Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Clinton, South Carolina, owns this onestory side-gable frame house, which is clad with vinyl siding. Resting on a brick foundation, the house has a four-bay façade with paired two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins and a single-leaf entry door. An attached shed-roof porch is carried on thin metal posts and a metal balustrade. A large gable-roof ell extends to the rear. House, 2008 NC-B 420 Kinross Drive Large, two-story neo-traditional frame house has a side-gable roof and is covered with vinyl siding. The façade is dominated by a front-gable car garage wing, which is flanked by an attached porch on wood posts. Resting on a stuccoed foundation, the house has a decorative front gable on the façade, a shed-roof extension at the rear, and one-over-one windows. House, 1960 C-B 430 Kinross Drive One-story Craftsman-influenced frame house sits on a concrete block foundation and is clad with vinyl siding. The front-gable dwelling has a screened front-gable porch on the façade, a metal roof, interior chimney, and six-over-six double-hung sash. A Carport, ca. 1980 NC-S Located at the rear of the house, a single-bay carport is composed of a front-gable roof carried by metal pipe columns on low concrete block walls. A gable-roof utility building is located at the back of the carport bay and is clad with vinyl siding. House, 1986 68 Murdock, 79 and 130. NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 188 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 510 Kinross Drive Set at an angle on a corner lot, this one-story modern frame Ranch house has side-gable roof, paneled wood sheathing, eight-over-eight double-hung sash, and a single-bay garage accessed on the main level of the house. An exposed stone basement is exposed at the rear and sheltered by an attached shed-roof screened porch projecting from the rear of the house. House, 1960 C-B 550 Kinross Drive This one-story gable-roof frame Ranch house sits on a concrete block foundation and is covered with paneled wood sheathing. The main entrance is located on the southeast elevation, looking toward Bonclarken Lake. Windows are typically two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. A one-story sidegable frame addition was built to the northwest of the house and joined by a gable-roof canopy. The covered space between the original house and the later addition forms an open carport. Headspring Pavilion, ca. 2000 NC-B 600 Kinross Drive Built to replace an earlier lakeside pavilion, the metal-frame structure with exposed roof trusses is sixbays long and capped by a metal roof with a decorative pyramidal-roof cupola. The gable ends are sheathed with metal siding. Enclosed commercial and storage rooms are sheltered by the pavilion roof. Pool House, ca. 1990 NC-B 601 Kinross Drive One-story concrete block building with a gable roof and single-leaf entry doors. A Swimming pool, ca. 1990 NC-S In-ground swimming pool is surrounded by a concrete deck. B Storage building, ca. 2009 NC-B Small one-story front-gable frame storage building stands to the north of the pool house. It is covered with T-111 siding and has a single-leaf entry door on the front (east) elevation. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 189 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Youth Activity Building, 1995 NC-B 701 Kinross Drive Large two-story recreation building, brick veneer first floor, composite siding on second floor, with applied columns and other “classical” architectural elements attached. WEST KIRKMOOR LANE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds. Memorial Hall, 1949 C-B 17 W. Kirkmoor Lane Memorial Hall is a two-story T-plan frame building that contains thirty guest rooms. The building sits on a brick pier foundation with concrete and frame infill and is covered with asbestos shingles. It exhibits a hip roof, exposed rafter tails, an interior brick chimney, and six-over-six double-hung sash. A full-height portico is centered on the façade and carried on boxed wood posts. The central single-leaf entry door is flanked by a single sidelight to the southwest. Memorial Hall was erected as a gift of Mr. and Mrs. E. D. Ellis of Lake Wales, Florida. The Ellises gave the building as a memorial to members of the Board of Trustees and all who have worked to promote the assembly ground. 69 Draffin Hall, 1939, 1961 C-B 22 W. Kirkmoor Lane Originally built as an auditorium, Draffin Hall was converted to classrooms in 1961. The one-story frontgable brick building sits on a full basement and is surmounted by a small pyramidal-roof bell tower that contains a bell given by the Due West Baptist Church of South Carolina. The building is three bays wide and six bays deep with one-over-one double-hung sash, soldier-course lintels, a two-panel louvered vent in the front gable end, and an attached front-gable entry porch. The porch, which is supported by turned wood posts, shelters double-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors framed by sidelights and topped with a transom. The construction of Draffin Hall was funded through the generosity of Dr. and Mrs. C. B. Draffin, Dr. E. 69 Mary S. Draffin, “Brief History of Bonclarken,” Bonclarken Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 2 (December 1968), n.p. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 190 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C. Draffin, and Mr. Kennedy of Augusta, Georgia. 70 Synodical Hall, 1969-1970 NC-B 38 W. Kirkmoor Lane Designed by architect James L. Beam, the one-story brick-veneer building is used for meeting space and features a large central room finished with wood paneling and a stone fireplace. The side-gable building is composed with a tall center section flanked by smaller wings. It displays an engaged porch carried on boxed wood posts, weatherboards in the gable ends, and double-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors framed with pilasters. The two window pairs flanking the entrance are six-over-nine double-hung sash. The single windows in the wings are six-over-six double-hung sash over wood panels. SOUTH KUYKENDALL COURT See Forest Manor at Dunroy subdivision LAKE JORDAN DRIVE House, ca. 1959 C-B 52 Lake Jordan Drive Built around 1959, this one-story Ranch-style frame dwelling is located on the east side of Jordan’s Pond. The building is covered with board-and-batten wood siding and capped by an asphalt-shingle sidegable roof, which displays triangular brackets in the overhanging gable ends. The house features an exterior concrete block chimney, set-back gable-roof side wing, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. An elevated deck with a diagonal-patterned balustrade wraps around the north and west elevations. House, 2007 NC-B 96 Lake Jordan Drive A one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame residence was built in 2007 on the east side of Jordan’s Pond. The house rests on a stone-veneer foundation and is clad with wood shingles. The front slope of the roof exhibits a large decorative front gable flanked by two gabled dormers. A front-gable entry porch is supported 70 Ibid. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 191 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC by peeled log posts on a stone-veneer stoop. The recessed entrance bay is faced with stone veneer. An elevated wood deck partially covered by a tall gable roof is attached at the rear of the house and features peeled log posts and a rustic balustrade. House, 1988 NC-B 116 Lake Jordan Drive One-story gable-roof frame dwelling is oriented with its gable end facing west toward Jordan’s Pond. The house rests on a stuccoed foundation and is covered with wood paneling and weatherboards in the gable ends. An elevated porch projects from the west elevation and overlooks the lake. A one-bay basement garage is accessed on the north elevation through a glazed-and-paneled overhead door. An attached gable-roof entry porch projecting from the north elevation is supported on square wood posts. The sloping lot is terraced with retaining walls constructed of landscape timbers and stone. Mobile Home, ca. 2008 NC-B 180 Lake Jordan Drive One-story single-wide mobile home trailer was erected on the site as a sales office for the adjacent Braewood development, which was planned for portions of the Bonnie Brae estate (see 1090 W. Blue Ridge Road). A wood deck and handicap-accessible ramp are located in front of the structure. LAKE COVE ROAD House, 2006 NC-B 32 Lake Cove Road Two-story, side-gable frame dwelling built in a modern Arts-and-Crafts-influenced style with board-andbatten and wood shingle siding, exposed rafter tails, wall dormers, and projecting second-story bays. House, 2004 NC-B 34 Lake Cove Road One-story, hip-roof frame dwelling built in a neo-traditional style with board-and-batten wood siding, attached porches, wood shingles in the gable ends, and casement windows surmounted by fanlights. The house rests on an exposed basement. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 192 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 60, 61, 69, 91, 97, 110, 115, 122, 127, 131 Lake Cove Road See Lake Cove at Highland Lake subdivision LAURELHURST DRIVE Laurelhurst Drive incorporates portions of the old carriage path between the Tall Pines and Laurelhurst estates, but it is now a publicly maintained road. The road extends through the historic Laurelhurst estate to 496 Laurelhurst Drive, a modern house located near the top of Trenholm Mountain. Elizabeth Howe House, ca. 1951 NC-B 67 Laurelhurst Drive One-story, side-gable brick Ranch house was remodeled around 2009 to appear more traditional. The painted brick residence has an interior stone chimney, projecting front-gable bay, side wing, attached shedroof porch, and six-over-six windows. The original thin metal porch posts have been replaced with square columns on tall pedestals and the tripartite façade picture window has been replaced with a large multi-light window. The gable ends have been covered with stained shingles. At the northwest corner a screened porch forms a breezeway that connects the house to a two-car garage. The house was built for Mrs. W. B. W. Howe on part of the family's Laurelhurst land after she moved out of the main house, which became the home of her daughter, Louise Howe Bailey. Howe House, 1955-1956, ca. 1970 C-B 113 Laurelhurst Drive One-and-a-half-story Colonial Revival-style brick house with three gabled front dormers, set back side wing, exterior brick chimney, polygonal bay window, and nine-over-nine and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The dormers are clad with weatherboards. A set back side wing acts a connector to a large, oneand-a-half-story garage. The garage displays an interior brick chimney, weatherboarded dormer and gable ends, and metal overhead garage door. The house built by W.B.W. Howe, Jr., as his residence on part of the family’s Laurelhurst land. The house was sold out of family around 1970. Stone gateposts built to mark the entrance to the former Tall Pines estate are located on the property. Laurelhurst, 1926 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 193 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 376 Laurelhurst Drive Present house was built in 1926 by Dr. W. B. W. Howe, who kept the name given to the property by a former owner, Miss Cherry Morton of Kentucky, who developed the estate in the early 1890s. 71 The oneand-a-half-story Craftsman bungalow is almost square in plan and sited high on a hill and looking south. The side-gable house has front and rear shed dormers with triple windows and vinyl siding. The main roof has a single stone chimney with a corbelled stone cap at its central north slope. A small one-story gable-front kitchen ell and an enclosed shed porch are located on the rear elevation, with a tall, stone chimney on its west elevation. The house is a mix of random-coursed ashlar stone on the first story and stucco over frame (local Tudor Revival tradition) on the large gable ends. The rear ell uses the same materials. The 1926 stonework has characteristic heavy grapevine mortar joints. A broad hip-roof porch fronts the house on the south and is partially enclosed at the west end for a sun room. The roof is composite shingle (originally red asphalt). Short, paired wood columns atop stone piers support the front porch roof. Most of the windows are replacement one-over-one double-hung sash, the main elevations having paired windows and the rear having a triple set. The main entry has large eight-pane rectangular sidelights and a three-part transom. Large singlepane fixed-sash picture windows replaced original one-over-one sash on either side of the main entry. The interior has original Craftsman-style detailing and a large rock-face stone fireplace and mantel. The designed landscape of Laurelhurst slopes down the south side of Rutledge and Trenholm mountains toward the historic entry drive (now called Laurelhurst Drive). The entrance gate and half-mile lane to the house, which is lined with rhododendron and kalmia, are accessed on the north side of Little River Road. Typical of early twentieth-century Flat Rock estates, the house sits atop a hill and overlooks framed treelined vistas of the Connemara estate and Glassy Mountain to its south. The circular drive in front of the house has large boxwoods planted around the outer circumference and a stone gutter. A swimming lake was dug in the 1930s on the property, built by Dr. W. B. W. Howe for his children’s recreational and social use. The grounds have specimen balsam, white pine, and hemlock. Since the age of twelve, the former owner, Louise Howe Bailey, the daughter of Dr. W. B. W. Howe, grew up on the property. Mrs. Bailey is the granddaughter of Dr. Mitchell Campbell King of the Glen Roy (Kenmure) estate, making her a great-granddaughter of one of the resort’s founders, Judge Mitchell King. Educated at Fassifern School for Girls in Hendersonville, she graduated from Winthrop College with a degree in Biology, and from Columbia University with a degree in library science. In 1944, Louise Howe married Dr. Joseph P. Bailey. She remembered looking forward to the summer months when relatives and playmates, visiting for the season, would greatly increase the number of children in the community. 71 Sadie Patton attributes the original development of Laurelhurst to “Miss Norton of Kentucky,” 52. Louise Howe Bailey clarifies and provides additional information about Miss Cherry Morton’s development of Laurelhurst in her book Historic Henderson County: Tales from Along the Ridges, compiled by Terry Ruscin and Joseph Bailey Jr. (Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2010), 59-60. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 194 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A 1917 plat of the property, then owned by Miss Mary Morton, known locally as Miss Cherry Morton, shows the main drive, circular turnaround, main house (replaced in 1926), two stable structures (only the eastern one survives as the present barn), and a second small tenant, or caretaker’s, house (now demolished). The plat also shows Pheasant Creek running through the property. Miss Morton was a summer resident brought to Flat Rock as a close first cousin of the Norton sisters, who owned the adjacent Chanteloup property (1001 Estate Drive). Dr. Howe added a picturesque lake to the fifty-six-acre Laurelhurst property in the 1930s. The land was originally part of the deer park associated with the Barings’ Mountain Lodge estate. A Pump House, ca. 1926 C-S A small, ashlar stone pump house faces the rear of the main house. It has an asphalt-shingle hip roof with wide overhanging eaves. A single-leaf wood door enters from the south. B Garage, ca. 1926 C-B The square-plan ashlar stone garage is capped by an asphalt-shingle hip roof with wide eaves. The single garage bay is entered through sliding wood doors on its main (south) elevation, which faces the main house. C Corncrib, ca. 1895, 1926 C-B This large, front-gable frame corn crib rests on a stone pier foundation and is covered with closely spaced horizontal slats. It is entered through a simple single-leaf entry door on its east elevation. The structure is capped with a standing-seam metal roof. D Barn, ca. 1895 C-B A rectangular, two-story, front-gable barn faces south with one-story side sheds extending the length of the building. Capped with standing-seam metal roofs, the main barn and east shed are covered with board-and-batten siding; the west shed is an open pole design with its northernmost bay having horizontal spaced slats enclosing it for use as a crib. Both of the gable ends have large rectangular hayloft openings. The main south entry has a sliding board-and-batten door. The barn is located on the same site as a large stable shown on the 1917 Morton plat and appears to predate the main house. E Tractor Shed, ca. 2000 NC-B A modern wood-truss shed with a concrete floor is enclosed on three sides and open to east. F Spring, ca. 1895 C-S A square-cut, stone, spring structure provided the estate’s potable water supply. The rectangular enclosure has cut stone walls and a large stone slab over the spring’s source. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 195 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Cook’s House, ca. 1926 C-B 413 Laurelhurst Drive The former cook’s house is a one-story, side-gable frame dwelling located to the west of the rear service road between the barn and garage of the Laurelhurst estate. The house is covered with weatherboards and capped by an asphalt-shingle roof. A front-gable addition, along with a shed-roof entry porch to northeast of its main elevation, were added later. An elevated wood deck extends to the rear (west) of the house. Windows are typically paired six-over-six double-hung sash with single windows located on the addition. Bailey House, ca. 1982 NC-B 496 Laurelhurst Drive Two-story contemporary rustic house rests on a concrete block foundation and is clad with horizontal and diagonal wood siding and stone veneer. It features an interior stone chimney, front bay window, and attached gable-roof screen porch. Located high on the south slope of Trenholm Mountain, the house is accessed by the extended drive through the main Laurelhurst estate, which was subdivided in 1981. It was built as the home of Dr. and Mrs. Baileys’ son, Joseph P. Bailey Jr. LEDGEMONT COURT See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) LEE ESTATE DRIVE Platted in 1961 and built along an old roadbed, this single street connecting Greenville Highway with Robert E. Lee Drive was named for former owners of Enchantment (114 Lee Estate Drive). The street was platted as an addition to the Twin Lakes subdivision, which was developed by Eugene Brown in 1959 on the former grounds of Enchantment. House, 1973 NC-B 101 Lee Estate Drive One-story side-gable frame house is covered with faux-log siding and has an engaged full-width porch carried on pole supports. A portion of the porch is enclosed and screened, and a single-bay carport is attached on the end elevation. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 196 House, 1969 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 107 Lee Estate Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a side-gable roof has an engaged porch supported on square posts, façade picture window, and a set back frame garage wing containing two bays entered through glazedand-paneled overhead doors. Enchantment, ca. 1887 C-B 114 Lee Estate Drive Enchantment is a tall two-and-a-half-story Queen Anne-style frame dwelling with irregular massing and numerous decorative embellishments. Resting on a brick foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards and capped by an asphalt-shingle cross-gable roof. The front-gable façade displays scrolled eave brackets, molded window hoods, and a bargeboard truss and cutout sunburst. Windows are typically a Queen Anne-type seven-over-two sash with three small lights flanking a large center light in the upper sash. An attached one-story hip-roof porch is carried on square wood posts and decorative cutout brackets with a front-gable entry bay. The southeast elevation features two first-story polygonal bays, one of which is topped by a second-story porch with similar details as the main porch. The house has interior and exterior corbelled brick chimneys, decorative gables on the southeast elevation, and a tall one-story gable-roof rear ell. A gable-roof porte cochere on the northwest elevation is partially enclosed with wood lattice to form a two-car carport. The house sits on a hilltop overlooking Jordan Lake to the northeast. One surviving outbuilding associated with the main house is now located on an adjacent parcel (see 42 Robert E. Lee Drive). Dr. Allard Memminger, son of C. G. Memminger, built Enchantment around 1887 and lived on the small estate for many years. After Dr. Memminger’s death in 1936, his niece, Mary Wilkinson Middleton (Mrs. Robert E. Lee III), acquired the property and came back to Flat Rock with her husband, a grandson of Gen. Robert E. Lee. The land around the estate was sold for the development of the Twin Lakes Subdivision. House, 1965 NC-B 118 Lee Estate Drive One-story masonry and frame Ranch house overlooks Lake Jordan to the northeast. The house has a stuccoed foundation and lower walls with vertical wood siding above. It features an interior brick chimney, sliding windows, and an attached single-bay carport. An uncovered terrace and deck wrap around the northwest and northeast sides of the house with a two-bar railing. The end bay of the house overlooking the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 197 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC lake is a tall one story section with a steeply pitched shed roof facing outward. LEGENDARY ROAD See Woodhaven subdivision (Boundary Decrease) LIBBY HOME LANE House, 1938, ca. 1970, 2009 NC-B 224 Libby Home Lane Two-story, three-bay, side-gable residence built in 1938 has been significantly altered with multiple additions. The original two-story block constructed of stone features exterior stone end chimneys, exposed rafter tails, articulated flat-arch window openings with stone sills, and replacement one-over-one and sixover-one sash. An attached one-story hip-roof entry porch is supported by square wood posts; it is approached by stairs on the both sides. A one-story hip-roof wing on the east elevation is covered with German siding and contains replacement windows. The one-story gable-roof rear ell appears to be a late twentieth-century addition with board-and-batten siding, stuccoed chimney, and one-over-one and singlepane windows. A one-story side-gable wing on the west elevation connects the main house with another twostory stone building. Resting on a stone foundation above a stone terrace on the north side, the connecting wing is constructed of frame and has board-and-batten siding, exposed rafter tails, a polygonal bay window, and a replacement single-leaf entry door flanked by sidelights. The two-story end block is similar in general scale and materials as the main house, but contains two garage bays on the first story and the west end bays of the second-story are inset beneath the roof, which creates an open, wraparound porch. The two garage bays are entered through overhead doors on the west elevation. The inset portion of the second story is covered with stone veneer and stucco and displays modern replacement single-pane windows. The exposed roof structure is supported by metal posts. The metal balustrade of the upper level porch features decorative center panels of metal rosettes on a diamond-shaped grille. A Guest House, 256 Libby Home Lane, 1938, ca. 1970 NC-B One-story frame and stone Craftsman-influenced dwelling with a single garage bay on the basement level. Oriented to the west, the guest house is covered with German siding and has a front-gable roof behind a side-gable block at the front. A shed-roof addition is attached at the south end of the front section, with a stone-veneer entrance bay set in the angle between front section and shed-roof addition. The shed-roof entrance bay contains a replacement single-leaf entry door accessed from an uncovered stone stoop. Windows are replacement one-over-one double-hung sash except on the basement where some original six-over-six double-hung and six-light fixed sash remain. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 198 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC B Pool House and Pergola, ca. 1970 NC-B Located to the west of the house and situated on an L-shaped stone terrace, the pool house is a onestory frame building with a projecting front-gable roof supported on square wood posts. The building is covered with plywood sheathing and has double-leaf entrance doors on the east elevation. A simple wood pergola extends along the east side of the terrace from the end of the overhanging pool house roof. The terrace bordered the north and east sides of the pool, which has been filled in for a grass lawn. LILY PAD LANE Also see Garden Hamlet at Highland Lake subdivision Highland Lake Inn 86 Lily Pad Lane Highland Lake Inn is a complex of buildings (see associated entries below and throughout the inventory) incorporating a variety of resources built for, and predating, the organization of the present Highland Lake Inn. In 1910, Joseph Holt and a group of Charleston and Columbia businessmen bought close to 500 acres and formed the Highland Lake Club. Holt sold off lots for summer houses, and the original Highland Lake Inn was constructed to accommodate the guests of club members. The large rustic inn served meals and had a large lobby and dance hall. Club members used the lake for boating, swimming, and fishing. An eighteenhole golf course was built on the north side of present-day North Highland Lake Road. During the offseason, the Fleet School for Boys, a preparatory school, operated in the inn, which burned in 1915. In the late 1910s, the property was acquired by Col. John C. Woodward, who opened a summer military camp and school for boys. Camp Highland Lake operated from World War I to 1947 on the east side of the lake, and a number of buildings in the Highland Lake Inn complex were erected for the camp. Camp Brandeis, a camp for Jewish youth, opened 1947 after Camp Highland Lake closed. The property then sold to Our Lady of the Hills, a Catholic camp for boys and girls, which operated into the 1970s. In 1985, the Lindsey family acquired the property and organized the Highland Lake Inn and Conference Center, remodeling the existing buildings, constructing new buildings, and adding new amenities for visitors to Flat Rock. Portions of the property were also sold off or subdivided for residential development. In 1999, the guest accommodations and facilities were reorganized under new owners as the Highland Lake Inn & Resort. A Office, ca. 1985 NC-B Located on the east side of the intersection of Lily Pad Lane, Restful Lane, and Waterlily Drive, the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 199 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC one-story side-gable Highland Lake Inn office is situated near the center of the twenty-six-acre property. The office consists of an earlier building and a large addition to the north. The original section may have been a small cottage with an interior brick chimney, front-gable wing, and a set back side wing to the south. The front wing is covered with weatherboards and has stucco in the gable end. The windows are replacement one-over-one sash. The side-gable frame addition to the north, which is main section of the building, has a front-gable porch, attached wood deck, double-leaf glazed entry doors, and large plateglass picture windows. The addition is covered with paneled wood sheathing above a weatherboard apron. B Dam, ca. 1980 NC-S A concrete and stone dam is constructed on top of a natural rock outcropping on King Creek, which was originally called Earle’s Creek for John Earle, who received the first land grant in the area in 1789 and established a grist mill at this location. The forty-acre impoundment created by the dam is now known as Highland Lake. Beginning in the 1870s, the lake was known as Rhett’s Pond for Andrew Burnet and Henrietta Aiken Rhett, who owned the lake, mill, and surrounding property. A small mill pond is located below (north) the dam. The mill pond, which lies on the south side of North Highland Lake Road, features a stone weir, low stone retaining walls, and a low, curving concrete dam. C Spring house, ca. 1920 C-S Located near a cluster of trees in the pasture north of the Manager’s House (175 Lily Pad Lane), the low, one-story spring house is constructed of stone blocks and capped by a front-gable roof. It displays exposed rafter tails, wood shingles in the gable ends, screened openings on the side elevations, and a single-leaf wood access door on the south elevation. D Pole shed, ca. 1940 C-S Set in a cluster of trees on the west side of the road, the tall, one-story open shed is capped by a frontgable roof and has lower shed-roof extensions to either side. Supported by pole log posts with diagonal braces, the open roof structure is covered with metal roofing. E Corn crib, ca. 1940 C-B Located at the southwest corner of the Manager’s House (175 Lily Pad Lane) fenced yard, the crib is a single-pen frame structure with horizontal wood slats, metal-clad front-gable roof, exposed rafter tails, and a stone pier foundation. A single-leaf slatted wood door is located in the south gable end. F Goat barn, ca. 1940 C-B Located across from the greenhouse (116 Waterlily Drive) at the intersection of Waterlily Drive and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 200 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Rhett Drive, the goat barn is a one-story front-gable frame structure covered with vertical wood plank siding. Built in two sections, the rear portion of the building is wider than the front portion, which features an open end with interior pens. Wood poles provide vertical support and diagonal bracing for the front section of the building. G Chicken coop, ca. 1940 C-B Located west of the greenhouse (116 Waterlily Drive) at the intersection of Waterlily Drive and Rhett Drive, the chicken coop is a small one-story front-gable frame structure covered with board-and-batten siding. An inset corner bay is screened and accessed through single-leaf screen doors on the north and east sides. A screened opening on the front elevation can be enclosed by two fifteen-light casement windows. H Boathouse, ca. 1940 C-B Located on the shore of Highland Lake, the boathouse is a one-story shed-roof frame structure covered with board-and-batten and vertical wood siding. The building has a metal-clad roof, exposed purlins and rafters, double-leaf wood doors on the north elevation, and a single-leaf door on the east elevation. I Privy, ca. 1940 C-B Located on the edge of a wooded area near the boathouse, the two-hole privy is covered with boardand-batten siding and capped by a gable roof. An attached shed extension shelters the two single-leaf entry doors. The structure is overgrown with ivy and blends in with its wooded surroundings. J Gateway, ca. 2005 NC-O Spanning an unpaved drive to the east of the Grand Ole Hall (171 Lily Pad Lane), the gateway is composed of stone piers and wood-shingled posts that carry a gable-on-hip roof structure. The roof structure is covered with asphalt shingles that are rolled at the eaves. K Greenhouse, ca. 1975 NC-B Built as part of the Highland Lake Inn complex, the greenhouse is a one-story, glazed, steel and wood frame structure with an asymmetrical clerestory roof, glass panel walls and roofing, and multi-light single- and double-leaf entry doors. Along the side elevation, the lower window panels hinge outward. L Yoga Studio, 116 Waterlily Drive, ca. 1975 NC-B The one-story front-gable frame building appears to be an older structure that has been rehabilitated into a yoga studio for the Highland Lake Inn complex. The building is covered with weatherboards and has a two-story octagonal tower at the southwest corner. An attached partial-width front-gable porch is supported by square wood posts and shelters an entrance surrounded by four-light fixed-sash windows. A NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 201 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC hip-roof extension of the porch projects to the southeast and is carried on pole log posts with a rustic log balustrade. An attached shed-roof porch projects between the tower and front-gable porch. The windows are typically replacement six-over-one sash. Kudzu Cottage, ca. 1920, ca. 1985 NC-B 60 Lily Pad Lane Originally built as a camp building, the one-story hip-roof frame structure rests on a stone pier foundation and is enclosed with weatherboards and large plate-glass windows framed by modern board-andbatten siding. French doors on the west elevation are accessed from an uncovered wooden entry deck. A secondary entrance is located on the north elevation, and an exterior stone chimney rises against the east elevation. A frame addition located on the south side of the building and covered with board-and-batten siding wraps around to the east side. Cabins, ca. 1920 C-B (5) 117-119, 125-127, 135-137, 141-143, 151-153 Lily Pad Lane Five cabins built around 1920 to house campers at Camp Highland Lake. The one-story side-gable frame cabins have a stone pier foundation, board-and-batten siding, and an engaged full-width porch. The buildings feature an interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, two single-leaf entry doors on the façade, and small six-over-six double-hung sash. Each cabin has two guest rooms with a gable-roof rear ell containing bathrooms. Grand Ole Hall, ca. 1960, ca. 1985 NC-B 171 Lily Pad Lane Originally built as an open-air gymnasium, the two-story hip-roof frame structure was enclosed around 1985 with weatherboard and plate-glass windows. A two-story front-gable entry pavilion appears to be a later addition with vertical wood siding and double-leaf glazed doors. An attached one-story shed-roof porch carries across the façade and wraps around the north end of the building. It is supported on peeled log posts with diagonal braces. One-story hip-roof wings are attached at the south end and on the rear (west) of the building with an attached wood deck wrapping around the southwest corner. A one-story shed-roof utility wing projects to the north from the rear ell. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 202 Manager’s House, ca. 1960 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 175 Lily Pad Lane Built as part of the Highland Lake Inn complex, the two-story frame house has a shallow hip roof, stucco panel siding, brick foundation, an exterior brick chimney, and replacement one-over-one and multi-light windows. The façade overlooks Highland Lake to the west and features an inset second-story porch carried on square wood posts. An attached wood deck serves as the first-story porch with a vine-covered arbor shading the deck and double-leaf glazed entry doors and plate-glass sidelights. An attached one-story shedroof porch at the rear is enclosed with a glass greenhouse-style roof and plate-glass windows. A one-story hip-roof entry porch on the north elevation shelters a secondary entrance. A Garage, 2008 NC-B One-story three-bay frame garage is capped by a low hip roof and covered with Hardieplank siding. Primrose Suite, ca. 1960 C-B 230 Lily Pad Lane Nestled on a wooded site, the one-story hip-roof guest house is finished with paneled wood sheathing above a weatherboard apron, applied half-timbering, an interior boxed chimney, and replacement one-overone windows. A picture window is located on the rear elevation, and a wood deck is attached at the rear. Brick steps access the front stoop and replacement single-leaf entry door on the north elevation. Woodward House, ca. 1995 NC-B 270 Lily Pad Lane One-and-a-half-story side-gable lodging facility was built in the mid-1990s as part of the Highland Lake Inn. The frame building is covered with stucco and decorative half-timbering in the gable ends and has a front-gable wing, multiple dormers, and an attached, elevated deck along the east elevation. The recessed entrance bay, which is located in the front-gable wing, is surmounted by an arched gable window and flanked by projecting, hip-roof, polygonal bays with one-over-one windows. North Barn, ca. 1940 368 Lily Pad Lane NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 203 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Located at the southern edge of the north pasture of the Highland Lake Inn complex, the barn is a oneand-a-half-story frame structure with a metal-clad gable roof, paneled wood sheathing, exposed rafter tails, and eight-over-eight double-hung sash. The loft has been converted to living quarters, which are accessed through French doors in the gable end and reached by exterior wood stairs. Gatehouse Cottage, 2007 NC-B 565 Lily Pad Lane Built as part of the Highland Lake Inn under separate ownership, the rambling one-story frame structure has a full basement exposed at the rear and overlooks Highland Lake to the west. The building has a sidegable roof, smooth stucco and pebbledash siding, modern one-over-one windows, and an attached, elevated wood deck at the south end. An attached gable-roof garage wing is located on the north elevation. LINDA ANN DRIVE See Villas of Singleton Center subdivision LITTLE RIVER ROAD One of the oldest roadways in Flat Rock, Little River Road was built in 1850 by Andrew Johnstone of Beaumont and C. G. Memminger of Rock Hill (now Connemara) as the first of what have been referred to as “convenience roads” of Flat Rock. The Little River Road was cut through their lands and passed southeast of Saluda Cottages to access the High Road (present Greenville Highway) and post office. Before the road was laid, the estates in the west and northwest sections of Flat Rock had to use a road that crossed through the Mud Creek flats, or swampland, known as “the Dark Valley Road” to get to the High Road. After 1900, a short section of the road, which curved down along Pheasant Creek from the Smyths’ Apple Acres property (800 Trenholm Road) west to the Grimkes’ Hilgay property (2249 Little River Road), was straightened through a portion of Rhododendron (1936 Little River Road). An account from 1937 described Little River Road as "a very lovely but a very narrow trail, so that car drivers must be mindful at the frequent turns as one penetrates the depths of a glorious mountain woodland, the trees meeting overhead, the earth hidden by laurel and wild flowers. It seems more an English than an American woodland because of the frequent old entrance gates beside the road, the glimpses of stately avenues and groves, of terraces and flowers and ornamental waters.” 72 72 Shaffer, 272. Fitzsimons, Vol. 1, 29. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 204 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Little River Road was not fully paved until the 1960s and the road retains much of its original roadbed. It was first paved from Kanuga Road to Mrs. Breckenridge's house at 2372 Little River Road, because she didn't want it paved in front of her house. Little River Road remained unpaved from the John and Edna Johnson House (2340 Little River Road) to the Greenville Highway until the 1960s. 73 House, 1963 C-B 1736 Little River Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has a two-bay garage at the basement level and entered on the front of the house. The house features an inset single-leaf entrance bay, enclosed porch at the rear, and sixover-six double-hung sash windows. Part of the Ravenswood subdivision. Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site 1800 Little River Road See 554 Carl Sandburg Lane Cook’s House, ca. 1938 C-B 1849 Little River Road The diminutive one-story, side-gable frame dwelling was built by Conrad and Louise Cleveland as their cook’s residence (see 1853 Little River Road). The building sits on a concrete block foundation and has asbestos shingle siding, weatherboards in the gable ends, six-over-six double-hung sash, and a single-leaf multi-light entry door. An attached hip-roof entry porch is supported on square wood posts and has a diagonally braced balustrade. Conrad Cleveland Log House, 1938 C-B 1853 Little River Road The Cleveland Log House is a one-and-a-half-story Rustic Revival style log house with a cross-gable roof and full basement containing the garage. Resting on a stone foundation, the house is constructed of chestnut logs with half-dovetail notching. It features interior and exterior stone chimneys, two-over-two 73 Interview with Carolyn Jones Johnson. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 205 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC double-hung sash, and an extensive brick patio across the front (south) elevation. Since its construction the original slate roof has been replaced with asphalt shingles and the main entrance has been moved from the south elevation to the west side, where an attached shed-roof porch was constructed to shelter the new entry. The porch is partially enclosed with logs and exhibits a square log post for support and a diagonal log bracket. A shallow projecting bay on the west elevation is topped by a hip roof, and the gable-roof wing displays a façade chimney with an exterior fireplace. Conrad P. Cleveland and his wife, Louise Williams Cleveland, of Spartanburg, South Carolina, built the log house in 1937-1938. In 1930, the Clevelands purchased Saluda Cottages from the Siegling family, and they spent much time on the 120-acre estate with their three young children. The Clevelands found the main house too big and too cold to use during the cooler months, so they built the log house for their use during the spring and fall. Each year the family would come to Flat Rock in the mid-spring to live in the log house, move into the main house for the summer, from June 15 to September 15, and then move back to the log house for the fall. During the winter they often spent long weekends at "The Cabin," as they called the log house. 74 Although the log house appears to have been architect-designed, the plans were drawn by Louise Cleveland. Mr. K. G. Justus of Flat Rock oversaw the construction, and local stonemasons gathered the stone and built the foundation and interior and exterior chimneys. The stonework around the house echoes the stonework on the Saluda Cottages grounds including a retaining wall north of the house, granite steps, a stone wall around the brick patio, and a stone receptacle for a faucet. The building materials came from mostly local sources or were recycled from other buildings including the chestnut logs and pine paneling, which came from trees on the estate; the logs were hewn by local workers. Slate for the roof was salvaged from a church in Staunton, Virginia, that was being demolished. The most striking materials used in the log house came from Conrad Cleveland’s grandfather’s 1870s house in Spartanburg, which had deteriorated to the point that it was torn down in the 1930s. The front door, two-over-two windows and frames, all interior doors, several mantels, bathroom fixtures, and most of the pine flooring came from his grandfather’s Victorian house. In 1955, the Clevelands sold the Saluda Cottages estate, which had become too much responsibility for the aging couple, but they kept the log house, cook’s house, and seven acres of surrounding woods for their continued use. Louise Cleveland died in 1964, and following Conrad Cleveland’s death in 1972, the sevenacre property was sold to the Hunter family to settle the estate taxes. The property was purchased by the Vagabond School of Drama, Inc., part of the Flat Rock Playhouse, for use as campus for its youth theater programs. 74 Interviews with Betty Cleveland Welch, Elizabeth Poole Robe, Mr. and Mrs. Campbell Boyd Sr., and Newt Angier. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 206 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Vagabond School of Drama Education Center, 2007 NC-B 1855 Little River Road A two-story side-gable Arts-and-Crafts-influenced education building has entrances on both the north and west elevation. The one-story west elevation appears to be the primary entrance and it features a frontgable entry porch composed of exposed timber-frame posts and trusses supported on battered piers of stacked stone. The upper story of the building is clad with bark shingle siding, and the lower story is roughcast stucco. The building also exhibits decorative purlin brackets, louvered vents in the upper gable ends, and paired three-over-one double-hung sash. A front-gable entry porch on the north elevation, which is accessed by a circular driveway, mimics the timber frame and stone pier configuration of the primary entrance. McCullough House, ca. 1895, ca. 2005 C-B 1885 Little River Road Originally part of the Saluda Cottages property (see 150 Boyd Drive), the McCullough House is a tall two-story, Queen Anne-style frame house. The imposing dwelling features a cross-gable roof, two interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, weatherboards, molded window openings, and two-over-two doublehung sash. The gable ends contain arched louvered vents and are enlivened with decorative eave brackets and exposed truss work. One-story polygonal bays with metal hip-roofs are located on the façade and south elevation. A one-story flat-roof porch located at the southwest corner of the house is supported on replacement square columns with curved brackets, with a replacement wood balustrade and stair rails. A tall replacement single-leaf paneled wood door is located beneath a two-light transom on the south side of the front wing. A front-gable bay on the second story, which was added around 2005, projects onto the roof of the porch. The house was substantially enlarged to the north around 2005, with an existing one-story wing raised to two stories and a one-and-a-half-story side-gable porch wing, which is open on the first story and contains a room within the upper half-story. The side wing has a prominent gabled front dormer. A large, elevated wood deck is attached at the rear of the house. General Rudolph Siegling, owner of the Charleston News and Courier, purchased the Saluda Cottages estate in 1888 (Deed 24/167), and dramatically remodeled the modest summer house into a French Second Empire style mansion. Joseph McCullough served as Gen. Siegling’s overseer for the property, and Siegling subsequently built this house for Joe and Sally McCullough in the 1890s. Siegling sold Saluda Cottages, including the McCullough House, in 1930. In 1955, the property was sold to Campbell Boyd Sr., who sold off much of the land to create the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. Campbell Boyd Jr. and his wife, Sally, lived in the McCullough House and later bought the larger house from his father. The Boyds divided the property and sold the McCullough House as a separate parcel in 1982. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 207 A Garage, ca. 2000 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B Two-bay front-gable frame garage rests on a tall stuccoed foundation that is exposed by the sloping terrain. The building is covered with weatherboards and capped by an asphalt-shingle roof. The building has paneled wood overhead garage doors, side windows, and a decorative square cupola with louvered side panels and a pyramidal roof. A decorative gable-end truss reflects similar elements on the main house. Saluda Cottages, 1836, ca. 1888, 2013 C-B 1895 Little River Road Saluda Cottages is an imposing, elaborately detailed two-and-a-half-story French Second Empire-style mansion. It was remade around 1888 from a simpler two-story frame house and given its three-story tower and slate mansard roof with metal cresting. Resting on a stuccoed foundation, the frame house is covered with lapped wood siding and has two-over-two double-hung wood sash windows. An attached flat-roof onestory porch extends across the façade and is carried on paired Corinthian columns with entablature blocks, coved spandrels, and dentil moldings. A tall flat-roof porte cochere projects from the front of the house, sheltering the wide double-leaf entry doors and transom at the base of the tower. The porte cochere is supported by Corinthian columns on concrete plinths; the arched spandrels are constructed of flush wood sheathing. Double-leaf entry doors with a segmental-arch transom open from the tower onto the roof of the porte cochere, which has a balustrade of turned balusters and paneled corner posts. A balcony on the third story is supported by carved brackets and exhibits a similar balustrade. The double-leaf entry doors onto the balcony have a blind round-arch transom and are sheltered by a pediment on console brackets. Windows on the first story are positioned above paneled sills and all of the window openings have molded hoods. A pair of one-story polygonal bay windows is located on the west elevation, and three interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps rise above the roofline. The second-story cornice below the mansard roof is embellished with paired brackets and modillion blocks with pendants. A one-story flat-roof porch on the east elevation is supported on rusticated posts and has round-arch spandrels and a dentil cornice. A one-story partial-width porch at the rear (north) displays similar elements as the front porch. The shallow two-story west bay of the rear elevation has a projecting one-story flat-roof wing with a bay window. The house is prominently oriented on a slightly elevated site overlooking an expansive grass lawn with sweeping views of Glassy Mountain and the Connemara estate to the south. A loop driveway encircles the house, with a formal circular driveway at the rear of the house that is laid out around a fountain. Most of the outbuildings are located to the east of the house and are situated along Rue de Choiseul Drive, a former service road through the property, which is densely wooded to the north, east, and west of the house. A grass lawn to the north slopes away from the house with a small pond located in the northwest corner of the parcel, bordering Boyd Drive. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 208 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC In 1836, Count Joseph de Choiseul, the French consul at Savannah and Charleston, purchased a large tract of land in Flat Rock. A former guest of the Barings at Mountain Lodge (486 Rutledge Drive), the Count was a French nobleman, a Royalist who had refused to submit to the new order and had fled to England, where he married. Friends in France got him the position of consul at Charleston, where he was an important figure for thirty years. The Count built an unassertive summer house and two cottages on the property, known as Saluda Cottages for its location on the "Saluda Path." The Count's family only used their summer place until 1841, when they moved to the newly-built "Castle," known today as Chanteloup (1001 Estate Drive). Count de Choiseul sold Saluda Cottages in 1841, and, after a series of owners, the property was bought by General Rudolph Siegling in 1888 (Deed 24/167). 75 General Rudolph Siegling, owner of the Charleston News and Courier, bought the estate and began making dramatic changes, virtually building a new house around de Choiseul’s old house. Joseph McCullough served as overseer of the property, which Siegling renamed “Sans Souci,” and at Siegling’s request McCullough traveled around the country to find special woods for the ornamental railings and other woodwork used in the remodeling. As a result, the big house at Saluda Cottages is said to contain precious woods from all over the world. In 1930, Conrad P. Cleveland and his wife, Louise Williams Cleveland, of Spartanburg, South Carolina, bought Saluda Cottages and its 120 acres from the Siegling family. Mr. Cleveland created the formal garden west of the house in the 1930s. He was working on it in 1937, when the author of Carolina Gardens visited and noted that the “...present owner is making an attractive terraced formal garden using much native stone for the retaining walls.... Mr. Cleveland’s intensive work in his terraced flower garden will add color and complete the picture.” The book also described “the park around it: large white oaks and pines planted in circles of six, these being grouped so as to give the aspect of natural grove, yet afford the maximum of open vistas from the center….” 76 In 1937-1938 the Cleveland’s built the log house (see 1853 Little River Road) just west of Memminger Creek and lived there in the spring and fall when the big house was too cold. In 1955, the Clevelands sold the estate to the Mr. and Mrs. Campbell Boyd, Sr., but kept the log house and seven acres. The Boyds changed the name back to Saluda Cottages, but sold off most of the land to create a subdivision named Flat Rock Forest. Campbell Boyd established the Boyd Pontiac dealership in Hendersonville and later added the Cadillac and Buick lines. Their son, Campbell Boyd Jr., subsequently operated and expanded the dealership. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell Boyd Jr., lived in the McCullough House. The couple later bought the larger property from his parents and sold the McCullough House as a separate parcel. Mr. and Mrs. Bob Harrison presently own Saluda Cottages. 75 Patton, 22. Harriott Horry Ravenel, Charleston: The Place and the People (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1922), 456. 76 Shaffer, 273-274. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 209 A Ice House, 1850 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B The distinctive, eclectic ice house stands to the east of the house. The square-plan frame structure has battered walls with weatherboards and a deep cornice with modillion brackets and pendants. A paneled square cupola surmounts the pyramidal roof of the structure, which appears to rest on a stone foundation. The double-leaf solid-wood doors are framed by a plain, tapered surround with a peaked molding at the top. B Garage, 1973 NC-B The two-bay front-gable frame garage was rebuilt in the 1970s on the foundations of the original stable. The weatherboarded building has exposed rafter tails behind a plain fascia board, glazed-andpaneled overhead garage doors, and ten-light fixed-sash windows. The foundation is irregularly coursed stone masonry with bands of four-light windows on the south elevation. A single-leaf entry door accessed the lower story at the rear of the building. C Milk/Spring House, ca. 1900 C-B The milk and spring house is a square-plan building constructed of cut granite blocks. A pyramidal roof of slate caps the building. A single-leaf four-panel wood door is approached by low stone steps. The building displays exposed rafter tails, square window openings on the side elevations, and single stone lintels for the window and door openings. D Hothouse, ca. 1937 C-S Located on the south-facing front lawn, the hothouse is a small subterranean structure with stone walls. The side-gable roof of corrugated fiberglass panels is supported by brick in the asymmetrical gable ends. A stone stairwell at the east end leads down to a single-leaf entry door on the gable end of the structure. Square openings in the gable ends are covered with single-leaf solid wood shutters. An uncovered planting bed of poured concrete is located immediately south of the hothouse. House, 1963 C-B 1901 Little River Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an interior brick chimney, recessed entrance bay, façade picture window, and four-over-four double-hung sash windows. The single-leaf entry door is flanked by multi-light sidelights. A single diamond-pane window is located to the east of the entrance. A garage wing extends to the rear. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 210 House, 1965 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 1905 Little River Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has a prominent front-gable wing, front-gable two-car garage wing, replacement single-pane windows, and a single-leaf entry flanked by sidelights. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. House, 1962 C-B 1909 Little River Road Two-story Neo-Colonial frame house is covered with weatherboards and has an exterior brick chimney, recessed entrance bay, and a single-leaf entry flanked by sidelights. The windows on the first story are eightover-twelve double-hung sash, with eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows on the second-story. A onestory side-gable garage wing projects on the west side of the house and contains two garage bays. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. House, 1962 C-B 1915 Little River Road Two-story Neo-Colonial frame house is covered with weatherboards and has an exterior brick chimney, uncovered front entrance stoop, and a single-leaf entry. The windows on the first story are eight-over-twelve double-hung sash, with eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows on the second-story. Resting on a brick foundation, a one-story side-gable wing projects on the east side of the house and contains two garage bays in basement. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. House, 1983 NC-B 1917 Little River Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house with a front-gable end wing on the west end of the facade, a front-gable garage wing on the east, recessed entrance bay, polygonal bay window, and eight-over-twelve double-hung sash windows. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. House, 1966 1921 Little River Road NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 211 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story side-gable brick Ranch house features an engaged partial-width porch supported on decorative iron posts, single-leaf entry with sidelights, two-bay garage entered from the east elevation, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. House, 1967 NC-B 1925 Little River Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an attached front-gable entry porch on square posts, interior brick chimney, weatherboards in the gable ends, a front-gable end wing, and six-over-six and replacement one-over-one sash windows. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. House, 1969 NC-B 1929 Little River Road One-story brick Ranch house with a gable-on-hip roof, projecting hip-roof wing at the east end of the façade, exterior brick chimney, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. House, 1978 NC-B 1932 Little River Road This one-story-plus-basement brick-veneer Ranch house is set well back from Little River Road on a heavily wooded site. The house presents a two-story façade with a full-height Neoclassical porch on its northwest side, while the southeast elevation is one story with an uncovered patio. The house has a sidegable roof, two exterior brick chimneys, single-bay garage in the basement, and six-over-six double-hung sash. The house was built for Leroy Levi, who has owned the property since 1976. House, 1981 NC-B 1933 Little River Road One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional frame house with a saltbox roof, weatherboard siding, an exterior brick chimney, one-story side wing, gable-roof rear ell, attached garage wing, and a combination of twelveover-twelve, eight-over-twelve, and six-over-nine double-hung sash windows. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 212 House, 1963 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 1934 Little River Road One story side-gable Ranch house is covered with board-and-batten siding and has a side wing that nearly doubles the size of the building. An attached hip-roof porch supported on square wood posts is partially enclosed with plate-glass windows over a board-and-batten knee wall. The exterior end chimney is wrapped with plywood sheathing. The house, now owned by the State of North Carolina, is vacant and deteriorating. Rhododendron, 1890, ca. 1915 C-B 1936 Little River Road The house is two-story late-Queen-Anne-style residence with a low-pitched hip-roof, weatherboard siding, and an attached one-story wraparound porch. The porch is supported on paired square wood posts with decorative brackets. The main block of the house has a projecting two-story bay on the façade, and the double-leaf entry doors are framed by simple sidelights and a transom. The windows are typically tall twoover-two double-hung sash on the first story and standard size two-over-two and eight-over-one windows on the second story. Resting on a stone pier foundation, the house extends to the rear with a one-and-a-halfstory hip-roof ell, projecting one-story side-gable wings, shed dormers, and a one-story hip-roof wing at the back of the house. An attached one-story shed-roof screened porch abuts the rear wing and carries across the rear elevation. The rear block of the house displays interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, carved rafter tails, polygonal bays on the side wings, and four-over-four windows in the dormers and gable ends. The landscape elements include stone curb-and-gutter, rhododendron-lined drive, ornamental plantings, and boxwoods. Rhododendron began as a guest house or outbuilding on the 115-acre estate of William Maxwell, who settled the property at the foot of Glassy Mountain in 1847. Maxwell sold 100 acres of the property to William Cuthbert of Beaufort, South Carolina in 1859. Following the Civil War, the property was sold to the Glover family of Orangeburg, South Carolina. Gen. Rudolph Siegling of Charleston, and owner of Saluda Cottages, acquired the property and built the present house in 1890. Robert Tucker eventually purchased the property in 1911 from the Sieglings and, after the main house fell into disrepair, remodeled the smaller cottage into the present house known as Rhododendron. Tucker sold the house and twenty-nine acres to Robert Cleveland in 1925. In 1950, property, then consisting of the house and 9.5 acres, was sold at auction to Mrs. George M. Rhodes of Columbia, South Carolina. 77 77 Ruscin, 37. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 213 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A Cottage, ca. 1900 NC-B Severely deteriorated one-story, side-gable frame cottage with metal roof, weatherboards, interior brick chimney, and an attached shed-roof porch stands in the woods to the south of the main house. House, ca. 2000 NC-B 1964 Little River Road New house built on the site of the former caretaker’s house for Rhododendron (1936 Little River Road). The one-and-a-half-story frame dwelling has a hip roof with multiple front-gable bays, gabled dormers, inset porches, and modern multi-light windows. It is covered with hardieplank siding. The house has a stone veneer foundation, and stone steps lead to the front entry door, which is framed by a classically inspired surround. A Barn, 1968 Little River Road, ca. 1930 C-B Two-story horse stable originally associated with Rhododendron (see 1936 Little River Road) has a gable roof and raised clerestory. The center passage barn has double-leaf doors and a bracketed overhanging eave at either end of the building. The upper portion of the barn doors are vented with vertical slats while the solid lower portion displays a diagonal brace. Resting on a cut granite foundation, the building has weatherboard siding, exposed rafter ends, and various window types, including awning, four-over-four and six-over-one double-hung, and casement. A single-leaf entry door on the south elevation is flanked by a polygonal bay and sheltered by a shallow entry porch supported on metal posts. The barn has been altered and converted for residential use. The landscape to the east and south of the barn includes elements associated with the neighboring Rhododendron estate. These elements include stone retaining walls, cut granite spring, stone-pool with stone steps, and stone benches. B Outhouse, ca. 1930 C-S Weatherboard outhouse situated near the barn has a pyramidal roof with exposed rafter ends and a single-leaf two-panel wood door. C Pump House, ca. 1930 C-S Located between the outhouse and natural spring, the weatherboarded pump house has a hip roof, exposed rafter tails, and slatted siding under the roof’s eave on three sides. It rests on a cut granite NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 214 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC foundation and is entered through a single-leaf six-panel wood door. House, 1965, ca. 1975 NC-B 2134 Little River Road The large two-story Neo-Colonial-style house is set back from the road and reached by an unpaved gravel driveway. Brick veneer covers the three-bay façade, which is sheltered by a full-height portico supported on square columns, and the side elevations are clad with vinyl siding. Two substantial side wings enlarge the main body of the house and include a front-gable wing with a modern Palladian window and side-gable wing that connects to an attached garage. House, 1975 NC-B 2173 Little River Road One-story hip-roof Ranch house was built on the site of the Tall Pines estate. The stone-veneer and frame house features an interior stone chimney, engaged garage, and a small inset entry porch with a chalet-style cut-out balustrade. A Outbuilding, 1993 NC-B One-story open shed with a steeply sloping roof and wood frame construction. Hilgay, ca. 1890, ca. 1900, ca. 2000 C-B 2249 Little River Road Located on an elevated site, Hilgay is a two-story front-gable frame house that was remodeled around 1900 with Queen Anne style massing, a pebbledash stucco exterior, and a broad wraparound porch. Resting on a stone foundation, the house features interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, an exterior stone chimney, broken-pitch gable and hip-roof bays, and twelve-over-one double-hung sash windows. The façade consists of a three-bay front gable that is recessed on the first story for the single-leaf entry door, sidelights, and transom. The hip-roof porch is carried on square posts with solid brackets and a balustrade of slender, closely-spaced square balusters. A two-story polygonal bay projects from the northwest end of the façade. An enclosed one-story bay on the southeast elevation is located at the end of the wraparound porch. A twostory L-shaped rear wing is attached at the north corner of the house and has an attached one-story hip-roof porch located on its southeast elevation. The porch is finished similarly to the front porch with square posts, solid brackets, and narrow balustrade. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 215 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. visited Hilgay in May, 1905, to consult on the grounds.78 The curving front and rear driveways ascend through woods from Little River Road to the hilltop residence. Both drives have granite walls and stone gutters. Granite carriage-mounting blocks stand where the front and rear drives reach the stone stairways to the house. Hundreds of feet of dry-laid granite retaining walls surround the main house. Three terraces extend to the southwest from the front of the house with granite stairs connecting the various terrace levels. A large, formal sunken garden below the house to the southwest side is surrounded on three sides with stone retaining walls and has gravel walking paths lined with vertically-laid brick. At one end of the garden is a stone bench and at the other end is a small pool with a stone trough-fed water feature. A sundial on a cast-stone pedestal is located at the center of the garden. A long granite stairway leads from the house to the formal garden. A rock garden faces the summer kitchen on the north side of the house, and in the woods, below the front drive on the same side, is an old grass tennis court. The property was originally purchased in 1890 by the Reverend John Grimke Drayton, who owned Drayton Hall and Magnolia Gardens in Charleston and Ravenswood (no longer standing) in Flat Rock. It was purchased from a portion of Edward Reed Memminger’s Tranquility property (see 155 Tranquility Place). Rev. Drayton immediately gave the property as a gift to his nephew, Theodore Grimke of Lancaster, England, on the strict condition that he and his heirs and descendants take the surname and arms of Drayton in addition to their own. This precondition had been imposed on Rev. Drayton himself, who was born John Grimke, when he inherited the Drayton Hall properties from his maternal grandfather, Thomas Drayton. In 1894, Theodore Grimke Drayton gave the property to his daughter-in-law Emma Drayton-Grimke of Charleston. (Note that they both had taken the surname Drayton, but in different ways.) The property was named for the town of Hilgay in Norfolk, England, where Emma’s husband John, an Anglican minister, had his first parish. Hilgay was Emma Drayton-Grimke’s summer home until it was sold by her estate in 1946. There had been an earlier house on the site of Hilgay, as evidenced by the older roof remaining in the attic below the current roof. Apparently, by 1901, that house had been expanded and redesigned into Hilgay’s present configuration with a pebbledash exterior, since it was then that Mrs. Drayton-Grimke wrote to landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., requesting “advice about the planting of my little place in Flat Rock.” 79 It is currently the home of Mr. and Mrs. John McCandless. A Summer Kitchen, ca. 1900 C-B Standing a short distance north of the house and surrounded by woods, the summer kitchen is a one78 “Emma Drayton-Grimke Estate, Flat Rock, N.C., 1901-1905,” Job File 3052, Olmsted Associates Records (Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC). 79 Letter from Olmsted Associates Records in possession of the property owner. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 216 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC story frame building with a low-pitched front-gable roof. The structure is covered with pebbledash stucco and has weatherboards in the gable ends. A replacement single-leaf entry door and recessed open bay are located on the front elevation. A group of three window openings on the west elevation are covered with plywood. A metal stove flue projects from the roof the building. B Carriage House, ca. 1900 C-B One-and-a-half-story, three-bay, carriage house is located on the north side of the gravel parking area at the rear of the house. The structure is covered with board-and-batten siding and exhibits a square cupola at the center of the roof. It features exposed rafter tails, replacement two-over-two windows with horizontal muntins, and double-leaf solid wood garage doors with metal strap hinges. C Carport, ca. 1995 NC-B A three-bay side-gable carport stands directly in front of the carriage house, partially obscuring one of the end bays of the older structure. The carport is covered with board-and-batten siding and has enclosed storage space across the rear of the structure. The open bays are formed by square wood posts with diagonal brackets. D Pump House, ca. 1900 C-B One-story board-and-batten pump house features a gable roof, exposed rafter tails, and a stone foundation. E Well House, ca. 1950 C-S A pyramidal-roof frame structure shelters the stone well. The structure consists of an asphalt-shingle roof, square wood corner posts, and diagonal brackets. F Gateposts, ca. 1905 C-O Stone gateposts stand at the original front entrance on Little River Road. House, 1973 NC-B 2261 Little River Road Located on an elevated site, the one-story hip-roof brick-veneer Ranch house displays a brick terrace carrying across the façade of the house and extending into a square patio at the southeast corner. The house has deep eaves on the façade, recessed entrance bay, and engaged garage on the west side of the house, which is entered through a glazed-and-paneled overhead door. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 217 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1978 NC-B 2291 Little River Road One-story contemporary frame house consists of a large one-and-a-half-story front-gable center block flanked by one-story side-gable wings. The front-gable section is dominated by an exterior stone chimney on the façade, which is flanked by picture windows extending into the gable end. A wood deck is attached to the façade on the northwest side of the center block. The north wing of the house contains a two-car garage. The house is covered with stone veneer and paneled wood sheathing. John and Edna Johnson House, ca. 1955 C-B 2340 Little River Road One-story Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with weatherboards and German siding. The house features two interior brick chimneys, exposed rafter tails, an inset front porch supported on a square wood post, and two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. A set back side wing extends to the north and contains replacement one-over-one windows. The house was built around 1955 by John and Edna Johnson, who were the caretakers for Mr. and Mrs. Richard Breckonridge of Beckon Ridge (see 2372 Little River Road). Mrs. Breckenridge sold this land to the Johnsons so they would be closer to her. John was son of Andrew and Louisa Johnson and lived in the justcompleted Johnson Rock House (73 Pennwood Lane) for a few years while completing this house. Johnny and Carolyn Johnson House, 1966 NC-B 2346 Little River Road One-story side-gable frame house rests on a brick foundation and is covered with weatherboards. It has an exterior brick end chimney, attached full-width shed-roof porch, and six-over-six double-hung sash. The porch, which is carried on square wood posts, shelters both a single-leaf entrance and French doors on the façade. [Owners refused photographs, three additional sheds on property.] Beckon Ridge, 1938 C-B 2372 Little River Road One-and-a-half-story Colonial Revival-style frame dwelling presents a symmetrical three-bay façade with polygonal bay windows flanking the central entrance, three gabled dormers, rear shed dormer, and an exterior brick end chimney. The house, which faces east, sits on a brick basement that is exposed on the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 218 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC north elevation. The house is covered with weatherboards except for the north elevation, which is clad with vinyl. The central, single-leaf entry door is framed by a flat surround with a paneled entablature and molded cornice. The bay windows have metal-clad hip roofs and wood panels above and below the replacement eight-over-twelve and six-over-nine double-hung sash windows. The house displays dentil cornices and gable returns. An attached shed-roof porch on the north elevations shelters several single-leaf entrances and basement windows and carries across the front elevation of a flat-roof two-bay brick garage wing that projects to the north. The wing is entered through glazed-and-paneled overhead garage doors on both the east and west elevation. The garage is surmounted by a balustrade composed of fluted posts and metal railings. A metal exterior spiral stair on the north side of the garage wing provides access from the driveway up to the roof terrace. A one-story shed-roof addition to the rear (west) is glazed with a band of plate-glass windows to form a sunroom. A large one-story flat-roof addition on the south elevation projects beyond the front of the main block and contains three-part picture windows and a roof balustrade. The house was designed in 1938 for Mr. and Mrs. Richard Breckenridge by Asheville architect Henry Gaines. It occupies a wooded hilltop site on the south side of Little River Road and the winding driveway is bordered with stone retaining walls as it passes on the north side of the house. Stone steps and flagstone walkways approach the house. House, 1981 NC-B 2393 Little River Road One-story side-gable frame Ranch house rests on a brick foundation and is clad with vinyl siding. The house has an interior brick chimney, an attached front-gable porch supported by columns, a single-leaf entry framed by sidelights and an elliptical fanlight, and eight-over-twelve double-hung sash windows. Part of the Teneriffe subdivision. House, 1988 NC-B 2401 Little River Road One-story side-gable frame Ranch house is covered with weatherboards and has a brick foundation and stone-veneer accents on the facade. The house displays a brick chimney on the façade, single-bay garage in the basement, an attached hip-roof porch, replacement windows, and a large gable-roof rear wing. Part of the Teneriffe subdivision NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 219 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 2451-2511 Little River Road (N side) See Teneriffe subdivision (Boundary Decrease). Teneriffe, ca. 1855, ca. 1903, 1980s [Photo 3] C-B 2531 Little River Road Originally built around 1855, the two-story five-bay side-gable residence was extensively remodeled around 1903 into a two-and-a-half-story Tudor Revival house with pebbledash stucco and half-timbering. Prominent Asheville architect Richard Sharp Smith enlarged the front-gable portico and attached a one-story hip-roof wraparound porch on the structure, which features a stone foundation, interior cut granite chimneys, decorative carved rafter tails and purlin brackets, and nine-over-nine double-hung sash and diamond-pane casement windows. The wraparound porch is carried on square posts of cut granite with a solid stone balustrade and has front-gable entrance bays on the façade and side elevations. The main entrance is composed of double-leaf multi-light doors flanked by sidelights and topped with a transom. The three-bay second-story porch is supported on paneled square posts with a wood balustrade, and the gable end, like the side elevations, displays pebbledash stucco and half-timbering. Double-leaf entry doors with sidelights and a transom open onto the upper porch. A one-bay hip-roof second-story porch is located on the west elevation and is similarly finished with paneled square posts and a wood balustrade. Four gabled dormers are located on the rear slope of the house, which has a exterior brick chimney rising against the east side of a two-story rear shed extension and a one-story hip-roof room added on the west elevation of the rear section. In the 1980s a one-story rear wing was added onto the house. The wing consists of a long gable-roof ell that connects to a two-story side-gable block with a hip-roof extension to the west. The wing exhibits similar finishes and details as the main house, including a stone foundation, pebbledash stucco, half-timbering, and exposed rafter tails. An interior stuccoed chimney rises from the roofline. The windows are typically singlepane casements. An uncovered patio extends along the west side of the ell. The estate, which once encompassed more than 800 acres, is comprised today of approximately twenty residual acres. The property is extensively landscaped with a long, winding, tree-lined approach to the house, which terminates in a circular loop drive bordered with stone curb and gutters and planted with boxwoods. A circular pool with a center fountain is located within the landscaped center of the loop drive. Manicured foundation plantings and extensive lawns surround the house, and the property contains numerous stone retaining walls, small formal gardens, and pastures. Named for one of the Canary Islands by its seafaring original owner, Teneriffe was erected in the mid1850s by Dr. John Gibbes Shoolbred of Charleston, who had been coming with his family to Flat Rock since 1852. The house was originally constructed as a Gothic Revival-style dwelling with a two-story lattice porch similar to other Flat Rock houses at the time (see Argyle, 3110 Greenville Highway, and Many Pines, 529 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 220 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Highland Lake Drive). In 1883, the Shoolbreds sold the property to Charles A. Hill, a wealthy Charleston cotton broker. Around the turn of the century, the estate was sold to Hugh Delacy Vincent, a New Orleans cotton broker who had once worked for Hill’s firm. The Vincents hired Asheville architect Richard Sharp Smith to remodel the house in the first decade of the twentieth century. The former supervising architect at Biltmore, Smith became one of the most sought-after regional architects in the early twentieth century and redesigned the house in a Tudor Revival-influenced style. The estate remained with the Vincent family descendants into the late twentieth century. 80 Teneriffe is presently owned by Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Seibold. A Log House, ca. 1930 C-B Located on the east side of the rear wing, the one-story side-gable log house was home to the estate’s butler and his family, and later the chauffeur. The house is constructed of unpeeled, saddle-notched logs and features an attached full-width shed-roof porch, interior stone chimney, exposed rafter tails, and sixover-six double-hung sash windows. The porch, which is carried on log posts with a cross-braced stick balustrade shelters two single-leaf entry doors. B Greenhouse, ca. 1903 C-S Subterranean shed-roof structure made of cut granite is set into the hillside to the south of the house. Sunken stone steps access a single-leaf entry on the south elevation. The roof is covered with translucent corrugated fiberglass panels. C Ice House, ca. 1903 C-B Hexagonal stone building stands on the south side of the driveway at the rear (south) of the house. Originally used as an ice house, the structure displays a polygonal roof with wood shakes, five-panel single-leaf entry doors, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. Later used as a cistern, it is currently used as a potting shed and wash house. D Barn, ca. 1903 C-B The tall one-story frame barn has weatherboard siding, stone foundation, metal-clad hip-roof, and exposed rafter tails. A decorative front gable marks the entrance to the center passage, which is sheltered by an attached hip-roof canopy supported on diagonal brackets. A pair of small wooden barn doors in the gable above the entrance provides access to the interior loft. The long side elevations contain multiple window openings and exhibit two-over-two double-hung and four-light fixed-sash windows; the larger two-over-two windows occupy the bays closest to the front elevation. E Carriage House, ca. 1903 80 C-B Kenneth F. and Blanche Marsh, Historic Flat Rock: Where the Old South Lingers (Asheville, NC: Biltmore Press, 1961), 71. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 221 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story front-gable shed constructed of cut granite and has a metal roof, exposed rafter tails, and eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows with granite lintels and sills. The building is open on one end and displays board-and-batten siding in the gable end. F Arbor #1, ca. 1903 C-S Located approximately 100 yards east of the house at the end of a small croquet lawn, the three-bay arbor is constructed of concrete posts, beams, and trellis. It is covered with vines and enclosed on three sides with vegetation. The rectangular lawn is bordered by granite curbing, boxwoods, and banks of ivy. G Arbor #2, ca. 1903 C-S Located to the south of the house, near the greenhouse, the six-bay arbor is constructed of concrete posts, beams, and trellis and covered with vines. A low concrete wall supports the posts on the west side of the structure and forms a small curved bay at the south end. The arbor forms the western edge of a grass lawn centered on a stone pool and concrete fountain. The greenhouse serves as the southern edge, while a low stone retaining wall forms the northern edge. H Gateposts, ca. 1903 C-O Stone gateposts stand at the original front entrance on Little River Road and mark the beginning of the winding drive to the house. I Caretaker’s House, 34 Oak Gate Drive, ca. 1903 C-B Standing to the northwest of the main house, the one-story hip-roof frame house was constructed as a caretaker’s house for Teneriffe during the Vincent’s ownership. The house has a front-gable bay on the façade with an attached shed-roof porch to the side. A gable-roof wing extends on the northwest elevation of the house. A gable-roof ell projects to the rear and has an open porch attached to the rear elevation. Mr. Beddingfield served as the Mrs. Vincent’s caretaker for twenty-seven years. At her death, Mr. Beddingfield was given the house and thirteen acres. When Mr. Beddingfield died a right of first refusal was offered to the current owners of Tenneriffe, who purchased the house and land and added back to the estate. 81 J Caretaker’s Barn, ca. 1903 C-B Located northwest of the caretaker’s house is a tall, one-story front-gable frame barn with wood siding and a metal roof. One-story shed additions wrap around the southwest and northwest elevations of the barn. 81 Marvin Seibold, interview with author, September 2014. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 222 Hemlocks, ca. 1940, ca. 1980, 2008 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 2533 Little River Road Also known as the Winkler-Sealy House, the rambling one-story Rustic Revival-style house consists of an original block that was built as a Boy Scout lodge in the 1940s. The original section, constructed of saddle-notched logs faces northwest and features an attached full-width shed-roof porch with a tall frontgable entry bay supported by square stone piers. The entry bay shelters double-leaf paneled wood doors flanked by single-pane sidelights and a transom. A gable-roof log wing projects to the southeast and is attached to a hip-roof extension that is covered with waney-edge wood siding. The house rests on a concrete block foundation and has eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows. A sunroom addition was added on the southwest side of the house, and an attached front-gable one-bay carport projects to the southeast. The carport is supported on bracketed pole logs. Around 2008, a large two-story wing was constructed at an angle to the north of the main house. Constructed of logs, the new wing features a stuccoed foundation, exterior stone chimney, six-over-six windows, and fanlights over the second-story window and door openings. Two sets of French doors on the second story open onto shallow balconies located on either side of the stone chimney. The house was originally built by for Bob Winkler, son of Mrs. Vincent, who owned the adjacent Teneriffe estate (2531 Little River Road). A Garage, ca. 1980 NC-B One-story two-car frame garage has a front-gable roof, board-and-batten siding, T-111 siding in the gable end, and a concrete block foundation. B Playhouse, ca. 1980 NC-B Resting on a concrete block foundation, the one-story front-gable frame building is covered with board-and-batten siding and has one-over-one windows. House, 1989 NC-B 3071 Little River Road One-story frame house with an irregular plan, multi-gable roof, stone veneer and wood siding, and elevated wood decks attached to the exterior. Due to the sloping nature of the site, a full basement is exposed from several angles. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 223 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1987 NC-B 3079 Little River Road Expansive one-story side-gable frame Ranch house with weatherboards, front-gable screened porch, and a large garage wing to the rear. The principal entrance to the house is located in the interior angle formed by the main block of the house and the garage wing at the rear. An elevated wood deck is attached to the south and west elevations. 4001-4057 Little River Road (N side) See Woodhaven subdivision (Boundary Decrease). House, 1972 NC-B 4075 Little River Road Two-story, split-level frame house presents a front-gable block as its façade with a two-car stone-veneer garage on the first story. The deep overhanging eave of the gable shelters the frame second story, which features a cantilevered balcony above the garage entrance and a solid balustrade. An inset porch extends along the west side of the garage and is carried on stone posts and metal pipe columns. The house displays decorative purlin brackets, plywood sheathing on the second story, and two-over-two sash with horizontal muntins. A one-story gable-roof wing projects to the west side and has large glass windows. House, 1977 NC-B 4077 Little River Road Resting on a concrete block foundation, the one-story, side-gable, frame Ranch house is covered with vertical wood siding and vinyl siding in the gable ends. The center bays of the façade are inset to form a shallow porch with decorative metal posts and a concrete slab floor. The inset bays have stone veneer. Windows are replacement one-over-one sash. An engaged two-car garage is located on the east end of the house and entered through a metal overhead door on the east elevation. House, 1962 C-B 4081 Little River Road One-story, side-gable Ranch house has a brick veneer façade and aluminum siding on the side and rear NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 224 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC elevations. The house features an interior brick chimney, inset entry porch with decorative metal posts, façade picture window, and eight-over-eight double-hung sash. A set back side-gable wing on the east side has a gable-roof ell extending to the rear. A Carport, 1991 NC-S One-story front-gable carport with square log posts, diagonal brackets, and plywood sheathing in the gable ends. House, 1971 NC-B 4083 Little River Road Small one-story side-gable Ranch house sits on a concrete block foundation and has aluminum siding, shed-roof entry porch on square posts, and two-over-two sash with horizontal muntins. A Carport, ca. 1962 NC-S Two-bay open carport is constructed with square wood posts and a metal shed roof on exposed rafters. House, ca. 1946 C-B 4089 Little River Road One-story Minimal Traditional-style frame house is covered with asbestos shingle siding and waneyedge wood siding in the gable ends. The small three-bay dwelling is enlarged with side-gable set back wings on both sides. An attached front-gable entry canopy is supported on triangular wood brackets and shelters a single-leaf entrance. Windows are six-over-six double-hung sash and covered with metal security grilles. A Shed, ca. 1946 C-B One-story single-pen frame shed exhibits a metal roof on exposed rafters, asbestos shingle siding, a single-leaf entry door, and a one-over-one window. NORTH LITTLE RIVER LANE 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 N. Little River Lane Five one-story, brick-veneer Ranch houses with hip- or side-gable roofs built around 1971. NC-B (5) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 225 House, ca. 1950 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 6 N. Little River Lane One-story, side-gable, frame Ranch house is covered with aluminum siding and has an exterior stone chimney on the façade, aluminum windows, and set back side wing. An engaged carport is located at the west end of the facade. LOCKARD LAKE LANE House, ca. 1940, ca. 1970 NC-B 11 Lockard Lake Lane Altered one-story, side-gable house with a substantial second-story and rear addition. The first story is covered with brick veneer and the upper story and additions are covered with wood shingles. The house has an inset porch, clerestory with fixed-sash windows, replacement one-over-one windows, and a set back side wing. House, ca. 1900 C-B 49 Lockard Lake Lane One-story, cross-gable frame dwelling is covered with board-and-batten siding. An enclosed shed addition extends to the southwest and contains paired six-light window. The front-gable end has been altered with a large, two-part picture window. Apartments, ca. 1980 NC-B 67 Lockard Lake Lane Two-story frame apartment building with two-tiered front porch and exterior steps is covered with weatherboards and has a side-gable roof, concrete block foundation, and small front-gable entry stoop. The building provides housing for the Vagabond School of Drama. Apartments, ca. 1980 85 Lockard Lake Lane NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 226 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Two-story frame apartment building with two-tiered front porch and exterior steps is covered with weatherboards and has a side-gable roof, concrete block foundation, and small front-gable entry stoop. The building provides housing for the Vagabond School of Drama. Dormitory, ca. 1980 NC-B 120 Lockard Lake Lane Two-story, hip-roof frame dormitory facility is fronted by a continuous two-tiered screened porch with square wood posts and a simple wood balustrade. The building consists of two blocks of rooms connected by a covered stairwell. The building provides housing for the Vagabond School of Drama. LOCKWOOD LANE Lockwood Lane is a semi-circular unpaved lane on the east side of the Greenville Highway. Formerly a driveway to an inn that was demolished prior to the 1973 district nomination, the short road serves several residential structures. House, ca. 1980 NC-B 76 Lockwood Lane One-story brick Ranch house with a hip roof, interior brick chimney, and one-over-one windows. A projecting hip-roof porch is supported on turned wood posts. A Garage, 93 Lockwood Lane, ca. 1940 NC-B A detached one-story, hip-roof garage has been converted into an apartment. Constructed of concrete block, the building has a single garage bay that has been infilled with a sliding-glass-door. A central single-leaf entry door provides access to the interior, which is illuminated by replacement one-over-one windows. B Shed, ca. 1940 C-B Small shed is partially inset into the grade in front of the garage. It has an exposed concrete foundation, weatherboards, shed roof, single-leaf five-panel wood door, and a single fixed-sash window. C Pole Shed, ca. 1940 C-S One-story, front-gable, open-frame pole shed with a standing-seam metal roof and a shed extension to the west. The shed extension is partially covered with tar paper. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 227 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, ca. 1920 C-B 126 Lockwood Lane One-and-a-half-story frame bungalow with a side-gable roof, shed dormer, and a full-width engaged porch. Siding is rough sawn wood. The front porch is carried on square brick piers with a solid brick balustrade. The house has interior and exterior brick chimneys, exposed rafter tails, and six-over-six double hung sash windows. The central single-leaf entry door is composed of six lights over three panels. LOWMOOR TRAIL Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Gounds. House, 1960 C-B 20 Lowmoor Trail One-story side-gable frame Ranch house has a low-pitched roof, vinyl siding, interior brick chimney, inset porch with bracketed posts, and a single-bay garage located at the end of the façade. An attached shedroof entry porch shelters sliding-glass entry doors on the façade. House, 1950 C-B 40 Lowmoor Trail One-story side-gable frame house features an attached full-width shed-roof porch that extends beyond the façade to attach to a single-bay carport. The porch is carried on turned posts with decorative sawn brackets. Clad with vinyl siding, the house has two exterior brick end chimneys, decorative cupola, replacement oneover-one windows, and a single-leaf entry door composed of four lights over three panels. House, 2003 NC-B 74 Lowmoor Trail One-and-a-half-story contemporary log house with a stuccoed foundation, side-gable roof, two gabled front dormers, shed dormer, and an attached full-width shed-roof porch. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 228 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC LOWNDES LANE In 1836, Thomas Lowndes of Charleston bought 125 acres and built a large summer house with wide porches known as Dolce Far Ninete (no longer standing). Although Lowndes soon sold the property, his great grandson Richard I’On Lowndes bought the house and twenty acres in 1902, returning it to the family and using it as a year-round residence. In 1942, Richard Lowndes and his five grown children sold the northern half of the property, including the 1837 house. The family divided the southern portion into five lots of about 1.5 acres each, one for each living child, with a common driveway, which is the present-day Lowndes Lane. House, 1953, ca. 1985 NC-B 10 Lowndes Lane Altered one-story, gable- and hip-roof Ranch house with an attached wraparound porch. The house features weatherboard siding, a cantilevered bay window with fishscale wood shingles, and replacement windows. The porch displays turned posts, balustrade with square balusters, and a spindle frieze. This is the only one of the five original Lowndes family lots that has been subdivided. The subdivided parcel to the south has the address 81 Pine Drive in the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds. A Garage, 1953 C-B One-bay, shed-roof frame garage is covered with board-and-batten siding and is capped by a standing-seam metal roof with exposed rafters. The garage bay is entered through double-leaf wood doors. House, 1982, ca. 2005 NC-B 20 Lowndes Lane Large, two-story Neo-traditional brick-veneer residence. The façade has been remodeled since 2005. Richard I’On Lowndes III House, 1964 C-B 60 Lowndes Lane One-story frame Ranch house rests on a stone veneer foundation and is covered with board-and-batten siding. The house features an engaged porch on chamfered posts with arched spandrels, interior brick chimney, set back side wing, and a screened rear porch. The house remains in Lowndes family ownership. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 229 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Highland Fling, 1975, 1980, 2005 NC-B 95 Lowndes Lane Two-part one-story house facing east and overlooking Highland Lake is located on property bought from the Lowndes family estate by Dr. Lawrence Lee Jr. (1915-1999) and his wife, Elizabeth Lowndes Andrews Lee (1926-2010) in the 1970s. In the 1930s and 1940s the land had been a cornfield and pasture; the lakefront landing was where Richard Lowndes taught all the Flat Rock children to swim. In 1975, the Lees moved an early nineteenth-century log house, which was built by the Jones family around 1800, here from King Road in Upward near Little Hungry Creek. 82 The log house is constructed of half-dovetail notched logs and exhibits a metal-clad side-gable roof, exterior rock chimney, and four-over-four and six-over-six doublehung windows. A full-width shed-roof porch shelters the east elevation and is supported on square wood posts. Five years later the Lees built a one-story frame house with an enclosed dogtrot connecting the new to the old. Rendered in a contemporary rustic style, the newer block is built with heart pine salvaged from a demolished railroad warehouse in Savannah, Georgia and features a west-facing clerestory, weatherboard siding, exposed rafter tails, and a full basement. A full-width engaged porch on the east elevation is carried on square wood posts with stone piers supporting the cantilevered porch floor. The architect for the house was Bill O’Cain of Hendersonville and the contractor was Mr. Lynes, a shipwright from Charleston, South Carolina. In 2005, a one-bay, front-gable frame garage was attached to the new section of the house. The garage is covered with board-and-batten siding and entered through double-leaf garage doors. A Ice House, ca. 1905 C-S One-room concrete ice house built into the hillside by Richard Lowndes after his 1902 purchase of his great-grandfather’s Dolce Far Ninete property. The smooth concrete face of the structure is pierced by a single-leaf five-panel wood door, which is sheltered by a small shed canopy supported on triangular brackets. The top of the structure is rounded. Although built to be an ice house, it never functioned satisfactorily because of a spring located beneath it. Today it has a new floor and is used for storage. Virginia Lowndes Bailey Parker House, 1954, 1980, 1997 NC-B 100 Lowndes Lane This rambling one-story frame house has been extensively remodeled and enlarged with multiple 82 Terry Ruscin, Hidden History of Henderson County, North Carolina (Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2013), 20-22. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 230 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC additions. Gable-roof wings have been added on each side of the center block of the house, which also exhibits replacement one-over-one windows, unpainted weatherboards in the gable ends, and new wood shingle siding. A polygonal entrance porch is supported on Doric columns and shelters a replacement singeleaf leaded-glass door. A central interior chimney and exterior end chimney are constructed of cut granite blocks. The original lakefront cottage was built in 1954 by Virginia Lowndes Bailey, later Parker, daughter of Inez and Richard I’On Lowndes. She resided in Summerville, South Carolina, just north of Charleston. Constructed of pine cut on the property, the modest one-story summer house was enlarged over the years. In 1997, Georgia and Pete Bonesteel bought the house and began a major remodeling and expansion project that added a high-ceilinged living area and a deck overlooking the lake. Every other year, UNC-TV film crews tape the "how-to" portions of the show, Lap Quilting with Georgia Bonesteel, at the house, which the Bonesteels have renamed “Quiltbuilt.” During the remodeling, the Bonesteels converted the former living room (a 1980 addition) into Georgia's quilt workroom/studio. The room, which extends the full-depth of the house, has a tray ceiling equipped with specialized lights for filming. A Gazebo, ca. 2008 NC-S A one-story octagonal frame gazebo with a wood shingle roof topped by a small finial stands to the northwest of the house. It features bracketed wood posts, a spindle frieze, scalloped fascia, and a simple wood balustrade. B Garage, ca. 2000 NC-B The one-bay front-gable frame garage is covered with weatherboards and has exposed rafter tails and a metal overhead garage door. An enclosed room projects from the north side elevation. C Carport/shed, ca. 2000 NC-B One-story front-gable carport is open on three sides with enclosed storage rooms forming the rear wall. Resting on a concrete slab, the structure is wide enough for two cars and is supported by square wood posts. The asphalt-shingle roof displays unpainted weatherboards in the gable ends. House, 1974 NC-B 101 Lowndes Lane Contemporary one-story frame residence with unusual massing and an attached carport. The house is composed of central front-gable block flanked by tall half-gable wings that appear to have been split and separated by the central block. These gabled sections are clad with wood shingles. A one-story flat-roof weatherboarded section spans the full-width of the house and forms the façade. It features a central single- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 231 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC leaf glazed entry door framed by vertical plate-glass windows and band of narrow windows atop the wall plate. An uncovered wood deck provides access to the entrance. On the side and rear elevations the singlepane picture windows appear in groups of two or three. A gable-roof wing projects to the east, overlooking Highland Lake, with a screened porch located on the lower level. A two-bay flat-roof carport attaches to the southwest corner of the house. An enclosed storage area with wood shingle siding separates the two bays and forms the center support of the structure. Four, square, wood posts at the outer edges are topped with wood beams and support the overhanging roof structure. MARKET CENTER DRIVE Commerical Building, 2003 NC-B 15 Market Center Drive Modern commercial office building in a modern Arts-and-Crafts-influenced style is composed with a two-story front-gable center block rising above the main hip-roof structure. Exterior walls are finished with pebbledash stucco that is accented with board-and-batten and wood shingles in the gable ends. An attached hip-roof wraparound porch with arched spandrels is supported on tapered wood posts on stuccoed piers. MARKLEY DRIVE House, ca. 1930 C-B 26 Markley Drive One-story, Craftsman-style frame dwelling with a front-gable roof, exposed rafter tails, concrete block foundation, interior brick chimney, and three-over-one double-hung sash windows. The house is covered with asbestos shingles. An attached front-gable porch is supported on square wood posts. A Garage, ca. 1930 C-B A detached one-story, front-gable frame garage is covered with board-and-batten siding and features a metal roof, exposed rafter tails, and six-light fixed-sash windows. B Shed, ca. 1990 NC-B Prefabricated front-gable frame shed covered with metal siding. House, ca. 1960 33 Markley Drive C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 232 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story, side-gable frame dwelling is covered with aluminum siding. The house displays a three-bay façade with a central entrance, picture window, replacement one-over-one windows, and an inset rear porch. The attached flat metal-roof porch is supported by square wood posts with a simple balustrade of diagonal braces. House, 1987 NC-B 46 Markley Drive One-story, side-gable manufactured house with plywood sheathing, decorative front-gable bay, and oneover-one windows. An elevated, uncovered wood deck has been added on the front of the house as a porch. House, 1979 NC-B 49 Markley Drive One-story, front-gable frame dwelling rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with T-111 wood siding. It has a brick veneer apron on the façade, single-leaf entry doors, and one-over-one windows. House, 1979, ca. 2005 NC-B 55 Markley Drive This one-story, side-gable Ranch house was covered with vinyl siding at some point after 2005. It has an exposed basement at the rear, single-leaf entry door, and one-over-one windows. House, 1948 C-B 58 Markley Drive One-story Minimal Traditional frame dwelling is covered with wide weatherboard siding, including diagonal siding in the gable ends. The side-gable house features a stuccoed foundation, interior brick chimney, front-gable entry porch on metal posts, and two- and three-over-one double-hung windows. A onebay front-gable garage is attached by a set back side wing and is entered through a paneled wood overhead door. House, 1931 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 233 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 87 Markley Drive One-story, front-gable Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling features a standing-seam metal roof, exposed rafter tails, German siding, and six-over-six double-hung windows. An attached hip-roof wraparound porch is carried on square wood posts with a simple balustrade of closely-spaced square balusters. The porch is partially enclosed at the corner with plywood sheathing and six-light fixed-sash windows. A Shed, ca. 1940 C-B One-story side-gable frame shed is covered with board-and-batten siding. The building is capped by an asphalt-shingle roof with exposed rafter tails. B Shed, ca. 1940 NC-B One-story frame shed of lean-to construction with a standing-seam metal roof. Details of the building are difficult to discern as it is largely obscured with piled fire wood and household debris placed around the exterior. House, ca. 1990 NC-B 88 Markley Drive One-story, side-gable manufactured house with metal siding and an elevated, uncovered wood deck as a front porch. House, 1978 NC-B 90 Markley Drive One-story, frame Ranch house with T-111 wood siding and a side-gable roof. The house is entered through double-leaf glazed doors. An elevated, uncovered wood deck with corner steps serves as the front porch. House, 1962 C-B 202 Markley Drive One-story, side-gable frame dwelling is covered with wide weatherboards and is capped by a standing- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 234 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC seam metal roof. The house features front and rear inset porches, but the front porch has been enclosed with one-over-one windows. House, 1991 NC-B 205 Markley Drive One-story, side-gable manufactured frame house with vinyl siding, front-gable entry porch, and oneover-one windows. House, ca. 1993 NC-B 210 Markley Drive Single-wide mobile house trailer. House, 1959 C-B 217 Markley Drive One-story, hip-roof Minimal Traditional frame house rests on a stuccoed foundation and is covered with German siding. The house displays an interior brick chimney, decorative front gable, façade picture windows, and two-over-two double-hung windows with horizontal muntins. A front-gable entry canopy is supported on wood brackets. An uncovered, partial-width wood deck, added to the front of the house in 2012, is reached by two wooden steps and has a small section of low, open railing across the front. A Shed, ca. 1959 C-B One-story, front-gable frame building is covered with wood sheathing and capped by standing-seam metal roof with exposed rafter tails. House, 1946 C-B 221 Markley Drive One-story Minimal Traditional frame residence with vertical wood sheathing and weatherboards in the gable ends. Resting on a stuccoed foundation, the house features a front-gable entry porch on metal posts, eight-over-eight double-hung sash, a picture window on the south side elevation, and covered rear patio with NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 235 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC a shed roof. A Garage, 1946 NC-B One-story, front-gable frame garage is covered with aluminum siding and exhibits triangular eave brackets in the gable ends. The façade is composed of a single garage bay entered through a replacement metal overhead door and a single-leaf entrance that is sheltered by an attached aluminum awning. House, 2000 NC-B 229 Markley Drive One-story, side-gable modular house is covered with vinyl siding. House, 1958, ca. 2010 NC-B 233 Markley Drive Original one-story, hip-roof Minimal Traditional-style frame dwelling was substantially remodeled and enlarged sometime after 2005 with a new side-gable, vinyl-sided addition. The original engaged shed-roof porch at the northeast corner remains unaltered and is supported square wood posts. A Carport, ca. 2010 NC-S Pre-fabricated metal carport with a front-gable roof. B Garage, ca. 1958 NC-B One-story, front-gable frame garage has been altered with the addition of vinyl siding and the single garage bay opening is partially enclosed with wood lattice. C Shed, ca. 2000 NC-B One-story, front-gable frame shed is covered with T-111 wood siding. D Shed, ca. 2010 NC-S Pre-fabricated frame shed with a front-gambrel roof. House, 1947 C-B 237 Markley Drive One-story Minimal Traditional frame dwelling is covered with asbestos shingle siding and capped with NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 236 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC side-gable roof. The house features a front-gable entry porch supported on square wood posts, exterior brick chimney, and two- and three-over-one windows with a façade picture window to the south of the porch. A one-bay set back wing extends to the south and an enclosed shed addition projects from the side wing. House, 1972, ca. 2005 NC-B 240 Markley Drive This one-story, brick-veneer Ranch house was remodeled around 2005, with a front-gable entry porch and small front shed dormer. The porch features square wood posts, an open truss in the gable end, and a decorative cupola. Windows are replacement six-over-six sash. A Garage, 1972, ca. 2005 NC-B A detached one-bay, front-gable frame garage appears to have been remodeled at the same time as the house. It displays a stuccoed exterior, wood shingles in the front gable end, replacement overhead door, and a decorative pyramidal-roof cupola. House, 1950 C-B 241 Markley Drive One-story, stuccoed Minimal Traditional dwelling has been altered with replacement one-over-one windows throughout. The house displays a front-gable porch supported on square wood posts, board-andbatten siding in the gable ends, a replacement single-leaf entry door, and a vinyl-enclosed inset porch at the rear. A Carport, ca. 2010 NC-S Pre-fabricated metal carport with a front-gable roof. House, 1940 C-B 248 Markley Drive One-story, side-gable frame dwelling with weatherboard siding, exposed rafter tails, and four- and sixover-one double-hung windows. A small front-gable entry porch is supported by turned columns on masonry pedestals. The porch shelters a single entry door composed of three lights over three panels. An uncovered wood deck extends from the north elevation of the house. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 237 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC EAST MARKLEY DRIVE House, 1979 NC-B 8 East Markley Drive Two-story, side-gable frame house rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with wide weatherboards. The house exhibits a one-story side wing, one-over-one sash windows, and a single-leaf entry door. A wood ramp to the front entrance was added around 2005. House, 1979 NC-B 26 East Markley Drive The residence appears to consist of two single-wide mobile home trailers linked by a one-bay metal-clad connector. A Shed, ca. 1980 NC-B One-story, prefabricated frame shed covered with corrugated metal siding. House, ca. 1940, ca. 2005 NC-B 42 East Markley Drive One-story Craftsman-influenced frame house features a side-gable roof, board-and-batten siding, exposed rafter tails, concrete block foundation, front-gable porch, and six-over-six double-hung windows. The porch was enclosed with T-111 siding sometime after 2005. A side porch is located on the southwest side of the rear ell. House, ca. 1940 C-B 43 East Markley Drive One-story, front-gable frame dwelling presents projecting front-gable wing on the façade and is covered with aluminum siding. The house features an exterior brick chimney, six-over-six and four-over-one doublehung windows, one-story rear wing, and an attached flat-roof side entrance porch. An engaged porch is located on the side of the rear wing, and both porches consist of a concrete slab floor and metal posts. A Garage, ca. 1940 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 238 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-bay, front-gable frame garage is covered with asbestos shingles and enlarged with an attached two-car carport on the northeast side. The garage bay is entered through a paneled wood overhead door. The rear wall of the carport is enclosed and the side elevation is composed of square wood posts on a low concrete block wall. MARY PLACE Part of the Flat Rock Forest subdivision, which was developed on a portion of the Saluda Cottages estate. Section 3 of Flat Rock Forest was platted in December 1955. House, 1990 NC-B 101 Mary Place One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has a central front-gable bay with applied half-timbering, a bay window, and an attached garage wing. House, 1957 C-B 102 Mary Place One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an attached, frame, one-bay garage wing. The house features a prominent front-gable with vertical wood sheathing in the gable end, inset corner porch, single-leaf entrance flanked by sidelights, and an interior brick chimney. The paired windows are replacement one-overone sash. House, 1993 NC-B 103 Mary Place One-story Neo-traditional frame house is clad with vinyl siding and features a side-gable roof, frontgable end bay, attached shed-roof porch, six-over-six sash windows, and an attached front-gable two-car garage wing. House, 1979 104 Mary Place NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 239 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Rambling one-story front-gable frame house sits on a raised basement that includes a garage. Covered with weatherboards, the house has interior and exterior stone chimneys, an attached side-gable wing, and sixover-six double-hung sash windows. MARYALICE LANE Maryalice Cottage, ca. 1995 NC-B 10 Maryalice Lane One-story side-gable building of modern log construction has an attached full-width shed-roof porch, two single-leaf entrances on the façade, and one-over-one double-hung sash. MEDLIN LANE House, 1979 NC-B 36 Medlin Lane One-story, side-gable Ranch house with a brick-veneer façade and an attached one-bay carport at the southwest end. An elevated and uncovered wood deck provides access to the single-leaf front door. Windows are replacement one-over-one sash over wood panels. House, 1979 NC-B 46 Medlin Lane One-story, side-gable Ranch house with a brick veneer façade and paneled wood sheathing on the side elevations. The single-leaf entry door is framed by wood sheathing and accessed by a brick stoop. Windows are one-over-one double-hung sash. MEMMINGER DRIVE Located within the Ravenswood subdivision, Memminger Drive was developed in the early 1960s on site of Ravenswood, the Victorian summer house of the Rev. John G. Drayton of Charleston and later owned by the Hastie family. The house was demolished for development, and the principal street is Ravenswood Drive. House, 1966 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 240 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 10 Memminger Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has a projecting front bay, façade picture windows, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and an attached gable-roof carport. House, 1973 NC-B 20 Memminger Drive Rambling one-story side-gable brick Ranch house with a recessed entrance patio, enclosed rear porch, an interior brick chimney, and a front-gable two-car garage wing. House, 2013 NC-B 26 Memminger Drive One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional frame house is clad with vinyl and displays a cross-gable roof, shed dormers, stone-veneer foundation, an attached front-gable porch, and a side-gable two-bay garage wing. House, 1963 C-B 30 Memminger Drive One-story frame Ranch house is covered with vertical wood sheathing and capped by a gable-on-hip roof with a decorative cupola. The house features an inset porch supported on square wood posts, a single-leaf entry door flanked by sidelights, and replacement one-over-one windows. Resting on a brick foundation, a single garage bay is located in the basement. A gable-roof ell extends to the rear of the house with an elevated wood deck attached to the south elevation overlooking the lake. House, 1963 C-B 34 Memminger Drive One-story brick Ranch house with a hip roof features a multi-light façade picture window, inset singleleaf entrance bay, interior brick chimney, and replacement six-over-six double-hung sash. A set back garage wing on the west elevation contains two bays entered through replacement overhead doors. House, 1964 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 241 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 40 Memminger Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an inset porch, single-leaf entry door, an interior brick chimney, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. A prominent front-gable bay projects at the west end of the façade. Two garage bays are located on the east end of the façade and are entered through glazed-andpaneled overhead doors. EAST MEMMINGER COURT See Trenholm Woods subdivision MIDDLETON ROAD Originally a private carriageway from the Piedmont estate north to the Dark Valley Road, Middleton Road was extended south as part of a new roadway system to the Little River Road, directly accessing the heart of the community. Middleton Road is still largely unpaved and retains a great deal of its original integrity. The close standing forest and large rhododendron give a sense of what the historic roadways and carriage lanes must have been like in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. 502-512, 516 Middleton Road See Teneriffe subdivision (Boundary Decrease) Barn, 2005 NC-B 600 Middleton Road Tall, one-story side-gable frame barn is covered with aluminum siding and entered through a set of fullheight double-leaf doors. The roof extends from one side elevation to form an open end bay. A one-story wing with a lower roofline has an engaged wraparound hip-roof porch on square posts. Hunter’s Moon, 1970 NC-B 662 Middleton Road Two-story frame house designed and built by architect-owner Brock Arms on land formerly part of Piedmont. The house combines new construction with creative reuse of an existing stable and an early NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 242 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC kitchen wing. The house is composed around a tall, shed-roof center section, which is the new construction with vertical windows on the exposed west elevation. The former stable, which was part of Frank Sherrill’s Crail Farm, has been converted into a one-story gable-roof wing extending to the west of the house. Both sections are covered with board-and-batten siding and capped with metal roofs. An exterior stone chimney rises against the north elevation of the center block. Windows are typically single-pane fixed sash. A wing projecting to the east of the house was moved here from the ca. 1883 Drayton House in Bonclarken. The Drayton House was demolished in 1972, and its kitchen wing moved and attached to the rear porch of this house. The kitchen is a one-story one-room frame structure with a side-gable roof weatherboard siding, and a single-leaf paneled entry door reached from stone steps. House, ca. 1920 C-B 785 Middleton Road One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame dwelling rests on a stone foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The asphalt-shingle roof engages a full-width front porch that is carried on square wood posts with a replacement balustrade. The four-bay façade has two single-leaf paneled entry doors at the center and flanked by two-over-two double-hung windows. The porch is reached by a set of granite steps at the center. The house also displays exposed rafter tails, set back one-story side wing, and three-over-one windows. The side wing contains a six-light window and has a shed-roof extension projecting to the side. A central interior brick chimney has been removed. The house originally served as the caretaker's residence for the Piedmont estate (see 175 Piedmont Drive). A Garage, ca.1920 C-B A one-story front-gable frame garage is located behind a privacy fence that largely obscures the structure from view. The garage features a metal roof and board-and-batten siding. The original wood garage doors have been replacement with metal doors. MIGHTY OAK DRIVE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Gounds. House, 1999 NC-B 3 Mighty Oak Drive One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional frame house has a side-gable roof, front-gable bays, and a front- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 243 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC gable single-bay garage wing projecting to the front. The house is clad with vinyl siding and displays brickveneer accents on the façade, an inset porch, and one-over-one windows. House, 1965 NC-B 5 Mighty Oak Drive One-story side-gable brick-veneer Ranch house has a low-pitched roof, interior brick chimney, and twoover-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. An attached front-gable porch is supported on thin metal posts and has weatherboards in the gable end. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door and a threepart façade picture window. House, 1986 NC-B 7 Mighty Oak Drive One-story side-gable brick-veneer Ranch house with a low-pitched roof, interior brick chimney, recessed entrance bay, and a single-bay garage located at the end of the façade. The single-leaf entry door is flanked by sidelights, and the windows are eight-over-eight double-hung sash. MOUNT SHADY OAK COURT See Chanteloup Country Estates subdivision MOUNTAIN CLOSE LANE Sinkler-Fishburne House, 1917, ca. 1920 C-B 68 Mountain Close Lane Also known as High Hills, this stylish one-and-a-half-story Craftsman frame bungalow features a prominent side-gable roof with large shed dormers and an engaged wraparound porch. The house, which occupies an elevated and wooded site, is accessed from wide granite steps to the porch. The house rests on a stone foundation and is covered with weatherboards, except for the shingled dormers. The house exhibits exposed rafter tails, decorative purlin brackets in the gable ends, interior stone chimney, and weatherboarded porch posts and balustrades. The porch, which shelters a single-leaf 28-light entry door, has a wood floor and beaded-board ceiling. Windows on the first story are twelve-over-one double-hung sash that appears as singles on the façade and in groups of three on the side elevations. The dormers and upper gable ends have NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 244 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC paired ten-light casements. The rear of the wraparound porch has been screened as a dining area. Granite steps to a side entrance are similar to those on front. The rear two-story wing, built ca. 1920, attaches to a corner of the house addition and contains a kitchen on the first story with two bedrooms connected by a bathroom on the second-story. The property includes a full complement of granite steps, walls, coping and gutters; and unpaved circulation paths for vehicles. The house looks out over sloping lawns and northeast across North Highland Lake Road to former pastureland, now the Highland Lake Golf Club. Cut stone retaining walls and stone steps from the front lawn lead across the gravel entrance drive to wide granite steps at the porch. Within the wooded site, the placement of hedges, gardens, and pine needle walking paths have been carefully considered. Local builder Mr. Bane constructed the house in 1917 for Ann Porcher Sinkler (Mrs. Charles St. G. Sinkler). Bane had built the Ravenel-Robertson House next door a year earlier. Mrs. Sinkler bought three acres and built the house with money she inherited from her uncle. 83 She contracted diphtheria during her first summer there, and soon after began construction on a two-story wing with two bedrooms, wash kitchen, and a connecting bath; however, she died before the addition was completed. Around 1921, the property passed to the three Sinkler daughters, Emily Sinkler Roosevelt, Caroline Sidney Sinkler Lockwood, and Ann Sinkler Fishburne. Because her sisters moved to Philadelphia and Boston, Ann Fishburne and her family used the property more often. In the 1960s, the house passed to one of the Fishburne daughters, Ann Fishburne Ball, and her husband Moultrie Ball, and, in about 1982, to her daughter Ann Moultrie Ball Helms. The property has been used continually as a summer house and remains in use by the fourth and fifth generations of the family. A Servants House/Stable, 1917 C-B The two-story side-gable frame building was constructed on a slope to create two at-grade levels. Covered with weatherboards, the building has a metal roof, exposed rafter ends, and a cantilevered upper-level porch with a solid balustrade on the west elevation. A single-leaf five-panel door leads to servants' area and is flanked by large double-leaf ledged-and-braced doors to stalls on the upper level. One set of doors appears to have been cut in later. No lower-level fenestration is present on the rear and side, but six-light casements and small fixed-sash windows are located on the upper level. The projecting porch shelters a garage bay on the lower level that was never used. The stalls were used for pleasure horses brought from Hendersonville each summer. B Pavilion, ca. 1930 C-S An inconspicuous path leads from the front lawn through ivy and trees to a secluded hip-roof frame 83 Henderson County Deeds book 92, pages 241-242. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 245 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC pavilion. The wood shingle roof with exposed rafters is supported by bracketed wood posts and shelters a concrete floor. C Tennis Court, ca. 1950 NC-O A single asphalt tennis court is located to the east of the house. The court is bordered at one end by a tall wire-mesh fence supported by wood posts. Between this property and the neighboring RavenelRobertson property is a triangular lot that had earlier been a tennis court and later a garden. For years it was thought to belong to the Robertsons, who allowed the neighbors to build a tennis court there. It was not until Mary Robertson's death that it was realized that the lot actually belonged to the SinklerFishburne house property. Ravenel-Robertson House, 1916 C-B 174 Mountain Close Lane One-and-a-half-story side-gable Craftsman bungalow is constructed of wood frame and covered with weatherboards. An engaged wraparound porch, which was later screened, is supported by weatherboarded posts on a weatherboarded balustrade. Shed dormers on the front and rear are covered with wood shingles and contain six 8-light casement windows. The house displays an interior cut granite chimney, exposed rafter tails, decorative purlin brackets in the gable ends, and paired ten-light casements on the first story. Ghost marks suggest that an earlier rear porch was later enclosed with weatherboards. The house faces south over a sloping lawn to former pastureland. The property includes a full complement of granite steps, walls, coping and gutters; and unpaved circulation paths for vehicles. Within the wooded site, the placement of hedges, gardens, and pine needle walking paths have been carefully considered. The house was built in 1916 for Mary Mack Martin Ravenel of Charleston. Mary Mack, originally from Detroit, Michigan, first married William Martin, who owned several plantations near Savannah, and together they had four children before his death in 1903. In 1906, she married John Ravenel and moved to Charleston, where he was a prominent businessman. At the grand opening of the Highland Lake Club in 1912, the Ravenels stayed at the Highland Lake Inn. Beginning in 1915, Mary Ravenel assembled three vacant lots of Holt's Highland Lake Club development, all from land that was once part of Henrietta Aiken Rhett's holdings. Ravenel hired Mr. Bane, a local building contractor, to erect a summer house. Mr. Bane later built the Sinkler-Fishburne House next door. Mary Ravenel died unexpectedly in 1933, 84 without a will, and the property passed to her three surviving children. After 1936 it was acquired solely by her daughter Mary 84 The unsolved murder of Mary Ravenel occurred on November 1, 1933, when she was shot and killed while walking on Meeting Street in Charleston, South Carolina. See Nancy Rhyne, Murder In The Carolinas (Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair Publishers, 1988), 125-131. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 246 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Ravenel Robertson, and the property has been used continually as a summer house. 85 A Outbuilding, 1916 C-B One-story, front-gable, weatherboarded frame building with a board-and-batten shed wing. It rests on a stone pier foundation and is entered through a single-leaf five-panel door. Six-over-six windows are located on the front and rear elevations. Horizontal slats at the top of the walls extend on all sides. Edmund Rhett House, ca. 1910 C-B 200 Mountain Close Lane The house faces the newly-named Lilypad Lane but has a Mountain Close Lane address. Built as the home of Edmund Rhett (1871-1931, known as Bunny) and his wife, Loti Moultrie Rhett, the one-and-a-halfstory side-gable frame dwelling faces west and overlooks the north end of Highland Lake. A large gabled dormer projects from the front slope of the roof. A one-story hip-roof porch, which sheltered a central singleleaf entrance, carries across the façade and is supported by thick square wood posts with a simple balustrade of square balusters. A hip-roof porte cochere is located on the south elevation. The house also features an interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and one-over-one double-hung windows. The house is largely unaltered, with a servants’ toilet room added against the rear of house; the servants' bathroom was later converted to laundry space. The kitchen was remodeled in 1999. The property includes a full complement of granite steps, walls, coping, and gutters. A low granite retaining wall extends along the lakefront road at the edge of the property. Within the wooded site, the placement of hedges, planting beds, and pine needle walking paths have been carefully considered. A land surveyor, Edmund Rhett was the son of Major A. Burnet Rhett and Henrietta Aiken Rhett, who owned Rhett's Mill and Lake (Highland Lake) and a large associated acreage. Upon Henrietta Rhett's sale of the land, two parcels were partitioned and new summer houses built. It is unclear whether the Rhetts built this house or if it was built by a previous owner who sold the property after only three years. According to one family tradition, an earlier owner built the house for his wife, who did not like it. For many years, the caretaker for the property was Mr. Hill though he did not live on site. The house has remained in family through three generations. The Rhetts' three children—Edmund Rhett (1914-1997, also known as Bunny); Elizabeth Rhett Kennedy, who married Robert Kennedy; and Loti Rhett Ball, who married John Ball— owned the house for much of the twentieth century. It was later held by Kennedy and Ball grandchildren, and 85 Interviews with Edwin Robertson, Mitzi Robertston, and Emily Fishburne Whaley. Henderson County Deeds 91/308, 91/312, and 94/269. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 247 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC since about 1998 has been owned by the Kennedy grandchildren. 86 A Pump House, ca. 1950 C-B Small, frame pump house, which remains in use, is covered with plain weatherboards and capped by a metal shed roof. The interior is accessed through single-leaf door of vertical boards. MOUNTAIN LAKE DRIVE See Flat Rock Lakes subdivision MOUNTAIN SPRING DRIVE See Flat Rock Lakes subdivision MULLALLY DRIVE Part of the small "Boxwood" development that was platted in 1957 by Ben Woodside Jr., and located just north of the entrance to Boxwood. House, 2001 NC-B 65 Mullally Drive One-story frame and masonry dwelling with a tall, side-gable central block and two lower side-gable wings. The house is finished with a rubble stone veneer and brick accents, including a belt course, segmental arches, lintels and sills, and a soldier-course cornice band. The façade is composed with a projecting frontgable bay with flared eaves flanking the front-gable entrance bay, which contains a recessed double-leaf entry door set within segmental-arch opening. The wing to the southwest contains a two-car garage. House, 2004 NC-B 99 Mullally Drive Large two-story Neo-Tudor brick-veneer house with two 2-story projecting front-gable bays, recessed 86 Interviews with Jill Benton, Loti Kennedy Dunn, Lavinia Maybank Grimball, and Burnet Maybank. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 248 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC entry porch, exterior brick chimney, stone lintels and sills, one-bay basement garage, and decorative bargeboards in the upper gables. NORTHERN LIGHTS LANE See Stonebridge subdivision (Boundary Decrease) OAK GATE DRIVE See Flat Rock Lakes subdivision OLD MILL ROAD Part of Twin Lakes subdivision, a small residential area that was developed by Eugene Brown in 1959 on the former grounds of Enchantment (114 Lee Estate Drive). Apartments at Twin Oaks, 1973 NC-B 100 Old Mill Road Two-story brick-veneer apartment building features a two-story porch that wraps around three sides of the building and is supported on square wood posts with a metal railing on the second level. The building has an exterior brick end chimney, side-gable roof with vertical wood sheathing in the gable ends, and six-oversix double-hung windows. OLD TOWN WAY See Woodhaven subdivision (Boundary Decrease) and Pleasant Hill subdivision OLD WHISKEY CREEK LANE Originally known as Pheasant Branch, the creek got its name from a nearby still, said to be the last "government still" in the county. A government still was a legal still for which the owner paid a tax. Several NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 249 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC of the government-approved bottles used here have been found on the adjacent Hisey property to the south. 87 Rockender House, ca. 1968 NC-B 41 Old Whiskey Creek Lane Rockender is a one-and-a-half-story frame house with a slate-covered saltbox roof, two gabled front dormers, weatherboard siding, and a one-story side wing containing a screened porch. The house rests on a stone foundation and displays an exposed stone end wall on the north side elevation. An interior stone chimney is incorporated in the north wall. Windows are diamond-paned casements with shallow hoods and solid wood shutters on the first story. A central single-leaf entry door is accessed from an uncovered stone stoop and sheltered by a cloth awning. Constructed as a summer house by Mr. and Mrs. Jack Krawcheck of Charleston, Rockender was designed as a copy of the Thomas Clemence House, a saltbox house built in 1697 in Johnston, Rhode Island. Measured drawings of the Clemence House were made in 1939 by architect Norman Morrison Isham as part of the federal Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) program. Also known as the Clemence-Irons House, the house is a rare surviving example of a stone-ender; it was significantly "restored" in 1938-1939 to the standards of that time and today is owned by Historic New England. The Krawchecks' 1960s house used the HABS drawings as a guide with alterations for modern living, including dormer placement, fenestration, and porch wing. Jesse W. Bell, well-known Flat Rock carpenter, built Rockender House in the late 1960s, with construction continuing for five years and the Krawchecks spending their summers across Little River Road. In planning for the new house, they collected salvaged timber, iron door hinges, and other materials. Phillip Simmons, well-known African American blacksmith from Charleston, executed the metalwork for the doors, including iron strap hinges. Around 1985 the Krawcheck family sold the property to Anthony Cecil, who had grown up spending summers at Highland Lake and Bonnie Brae (1094 W. Blue Ridge Road). The Cecils added a large granite fireplace and repaired the property's cut stone and cement dam and pond, which had broken through. The pond is currently drained. 88 A Balance Gate, ca. 1968 C-O Single-timber gate on posts with balance mechanism serving as vertical fulcrum. Now deteriorated, the gate was installed around 1968 but the mechanism may be older. B Shed, ca. 1950 87 Interview with T. D. “Bud” Hunter III. 88 Historic American Building Survey records. Asheville Citizen (August 6, 1980). Interview with Tony Cecil. C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 250 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story front-gable frame shed is covered with board-and-batten siding. A solid wood single-leaf entry door is located on the gable end, and a shed-roof extension projects from the south side. The shed addition is also entered through a solid wood single-leaf door on the gable end. Hisey Place, ca. 1919 C-B 110 Old Whiskey Creek Lane The Hisey Place is a two-story side-gable Rustic Revival style dwelling with the first story of irregularlycoursed cut stone and weatherboards on the second story. The three-bay façade is dominated by a two-tiered hip-roof porch supported by peeled log posts on stone piers. The second-story solid balustrade is composed of vertical log balusters. The single-leaf central entry door is flanked by wide sidelights over wood panels. The house features an interior stone chimney, metal roof, exposed rafter ends, decorative purlin brackets, board-and-batten siding in the upper gable ends, and eight-light casement windows. The window openings are framed by single stone lintels and cast concrete sills. A shed-roof projection at the rear defines a threestory wing, with the lower story revealed by the sloping topography of the site. A one-story gable-roof wing extends from the west side of the house. The wing, which appears to contain a sunroom, exhibits a multilight single-leaf door and rows of six-light windows. An elevated wood deck is attached to the west side of the house. The house was built around 1919 as a summer house for the Hisey family, who were originally from the midwest, possibly Indiana, but had moved to Florida. Mr. Hisey may have designed the house, but the stonework was executed by the same mason who constructed the Hill mausoleum on Glassy Mountain (see 99 Scenic Drive). The Hiseys landscaped the property with planned spaces, tree-lined driveway, stonework, and a pond; they also built a springhouse, large horse barn, two small guest cottages, and a caretaker's house. Fralow and Lila May Ballard took care of the property for many years, and later Mr. Maybin was the caretaker. After Mr. Hisey's death, Leona Hisey kept horses and lived here until 1969, before retiring to Florida. The sixty-acre property was sold first to W. B. W. Howe and then to the current owners, Bud and Randy Hunter (T. D. Hunter III and Miranda Hunter). The Hunter family established Hunter Chevrolet in Hendersonville. The two cottages and the caretaker's house deteriorated and were demolished in 1969. The house and barn remain, along with a garden shed. On a southern portion of the property, the Hunters built a new house in 1979 (see 174 Old Whiskey Creek Lane), and they have added twenty-one acres to the east to protect the property from development. This additional acreage includes an important part of Glassy Mountain—the exposed rock face visible from Little River Road. 89 A Barn, 1920s 89 Interviews with Frances Morrison Jones and T. D. “Bud” Hunter III. C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 251 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A large, two-story, center-passage barn on a raised stone pier foundation stands to the east of the house. The structure is covered with vertical wood siding and has vented horizontal slats under the eaves and in the gable ends. The front-gable roof has metal sheathing and exposed rafters. A shed-roof extension is located on the south side. B Garden Shed, ca. 1940 C-S A simple, open structure has a front-gable roof supported by square wood posts. Resting on a stone pier foundation with a wood plank skirt, the shed features a metal roof, board-and-batten siding in the gable ends, exposed roof framing, and a simple bench built into the perimeter railing. Hunter House, 1979 NC-B 174 Old Whiskey Creek Lane One-story contemporary frame house designed for T. D. Hunter III by architect Tom Hollis of Spartanburg and landscape architect Robert Marvin of Columbia. Covered with board-and-batten siding and capped with wood shakes, the house is composed of five smaller hip- and gable-on-hip roof blocks that break up the scale of the dwelling. It features stone interior and exterior chimneys, projecting angled bays, plateglass and multi-light windows, and a single-leaf multi-panel entry door. OLMSTED LANE See Highland Lake Village subdivision OVERLOOK DRIVE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) PATRIOTS DRIVE See Pleasant Hill subdivision PAULA PLACE Part of the Flat Rock Forest subdivision, which was developed on a portion of the Saluda Cottages estate. Section 3 of Flat Rock Forest was platted in December 1955. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 252 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1959 C-B 101 Paula Place One-story hip-roof Ranch house is covered with brick and thin stone veneer and displays board-andbatten siding on the inset porch. The house features an interior stone chimney, façade picture windows, a single-leaf entry door, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. A one-bay garage is entered from the north side of the house. House, 1986 NC-B 102 Paula Place One-story frame Ranch house with a gable-on-hip roof is covered with weatherboards and features a projecting two-bay garage wing, inset entry bay, and tall single-pane windows. House, 1983 NC-B 104 Paula Place One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional brick-veneer house presents a five-bay façade, side-gable roof with three gabled dormers, set back side wing, front-gable garage wing, and six-over-nine and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. PENNWOOD LANE House, 1997 NC-B 49 Pennwood Lane One-story, side-gable Ranch house with vinyl siding. Inset front porch and one-bay garage on main elevation. A vented front-gable dormer is located on the main roof over the central inset porch. Johnson Rock House, ca. 1949, ca. 2005 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 253 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 73 Pennwood Lane This one-story stone-veneer house is constructed of pine lumber sawn on the property. The side-gable dwelling faces west and displays an irregularly-coursed ashlar veneer, stone foundation, interior brick chimneys, replacement casement windows, and replacement single-leaf entry doors. An attached hip-roof porch on the façade is positioned in front of a decorative front gable. Square wood posts support the roof, while the floor consists of a concrete slab on a stone foundation. The porch is accessed by stone steps. An attached hip-roof entry porch supported by pipe columns shelters the rear entrance. Around 2005, the current owner undertook some remodeling of the house including the addition of a large gabled dormer on the rear roof slope, ramp to the rear porch, and a wood deck attached to the south and rear sides of the house. This property was purchased by Donald and Harold Johnson, the two oldest sons of Andrew and Louisa Anderson Johnson. For many years the Johnsons, including their four bachelor sons (Donald, Harold, Tom, and Morton) lived in a small, two-story frame house. Following their father’s death around 1942, Donald and Harold Johnson began building this new rock house. They cut down the pine trees along the driveway, erected a saw mill on the property, and sawed the boards. The boards were sent away to be finished, and the interior of the house was paneled in pine cut on the property. The mason for the rockwork was their brotherin-law, Hilliard Morrison. The exterior was completed by about 1945, but work on the interior of the new house continued. Louisa A. Johnson died in 1948 before she could live in the new house, which was completed in 1949 or 1950. The first occupants were a younger son, John Johnson, and his wife Edna, while they built a new house across Little River Road. After they moved to the new house in 1951, the three remaining bachelor brothers moved into the rock house and demolished the earlier frame house. The three surviving bachelor brothers—Harold had been killed in an accident at Kalmia Dairy—lived there until the last one, Morton, died in the 1980s. The house sat vacant for some time while the numerous Johnson heirs determined its future. It was sold to a Johnson granddaughter, Pat Jurirna, who made extensive alterations and lives there today. At one time there were several outbuildings, including a barn, feed shed, and corn crib. 90 A Garage, ca. 2005 NC-B Modern one-story, two-bay, front-gable frame garage is covered with vinyl siding. B Barn, ca. 1950 NC-B A small one-story frame barn is covered with vertical wood siding and capped by a metal shed roof. The structure is overgrown with vines. A metal shed-roof extension in front of the building is carried on log posts. 90 Interviews with Carolyn Jones Johnson, Frances Morrison Jones, and Fred Justice. Hilliard Morrison served as a stone mason for St. James Church in Hendersonville, Kanuga Conference Center, and numerous small jobs in the area. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 254 Fisher-Grimshawe House, ca. 1920 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 85 Pennwood Lane Built in the late 1910s or around 1920, the one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame dwelling has been altered and enlarged over the years. The house appears to have been originally three bays wide with a central entrance and an attached hip-roof porch. The porch was later enclosed and the entrance moved to the east elevation. The house features weatherboard siding, exterior brick chimney, six-over-six double-hung sash, and eight-over-eight windows in the upper gable ends. A one-and-a-half-story gable-roof ell extends to the rear and abuts a one-story shed-roof addition on its east side. A later one-story gable-roof addition and utility room is attached to the end of the ell and is partially covered with plywood sheathing. James Fisher owned the property in the 1930s and 1940s and used it as a rental house. Fisher’s nephew lived there until 1949 or 1950, when it was purchased by J. Leeming Grimshawe (1893-1979) and his wife Vida McKellar Grimshawe (1882-1982). The couple married in 1933, and they lived in California before returning to Flat Rock, when they bought this property from the Fishers and made major improvements to the house. Helping them with the property were Claude and Nancy Jones Gordan, who were caretakers for the Grimshawes, as well as for the Rhodeses at Rhododendron. Leeming Grimshawe wrote Flat Rock 18361976; A Brief Description of the Homes in Olden Times in 1976. Vida, known as "Budge" or "Budgie" after the bird, because she was so talkative, died in 1982, at age 100. Both are buried at St. John in the Wilderness. After the Grimshawes' deaths the house was purchased by William E. and Betty Penny, who built a new house nearby (see 133 Pennwood Lane). Penny House, 1984 NC-B 133 Pennwood Lane A modern one-and-a-half-story log house on a wooded site designed to blend in with its natural setting. Built as year-round residence by William E. and Betty S. Penny, the house consists of a side-gable main block with an engaged full-width porch and two gabled front dormers. A one-story side-gable wing extends to the north from the end of the porch. Bill Penny runs the Penny Insurance Agency in Hendersonville, established by his uncle, Earl Penny. PERSEVERANCE PATHWAY See Trenholm Woods subdivision NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 255 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC PHEASANT BRANCH COURT See Forest Manor at Dunroy subdivision PHEASANT RUN See Teneriffe subdivision (Boundary Decrease) PIEDMONT DRIVE Piedmont, 1949 C-B 175 Piedmont Drive Located on a grassy knoll and surrounded by large boxwoods, Piedmont is a one-story side-gable Colonial Revival-style dwelling constructed of irregularly-coursed stone masonry. The house was built in 1949, soon after the original 1840s summer house was destroyed by fire, and its construction used stone from the earlier house. The house presents a symmetrical five-bay façade accentuated by a pedimented entry porch supported on fluted Doric columns. The foundation of the house and porch, along with the stone watertable, are built with cut granite blocks. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door framed by sidelights and surmounted by an elliptical fanlight. The house features two interior stone chimneys, metal-frame casement windows, hip-roof rear ell, and a porte cochere attached to the rear of the ell. The porte cochere is carried on fluted Doric columns. Double-leaf doors on the southeast side elevation open onto a stone patio. A porch on the northwest side of the house is sheltered by an attached metal roof supported on slender metal posts. The designed landscape at Piedmont consists of a number of granite features, including a stone bridge, stone curb and gutters, extensive retaining walls, and steps. A notable collection of hydrangeas borders the curving front drive. Other areas of the estate exhibit circular terraced gardens and designed plantings of trees that create framed vistas. The designed areas were planted to create a pattern of shaded and open spaces. The first summer house at Piedmont was built ca. 1846 by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of Charleston. The land was initially part of a 1792 land grant to Simon Kuykendall and David Miller, but passed through several local owners until its 1844 sale to C. G. Memminger, who sold the property to Pinckney. After spending many summers at Woodburn, his place in Pendleton, South Carolina, Pinckney moved to Flat Rock for the improved climate and built his large, two-story, granite house against Teneriffe Mountain. The house, which he named Piedmont, faced nearby Trenholm Mountain, as well as Mount Pisgah in the distance. After Pinckney’s death, the property passed to his daughter Mary, who held it until after the Civil War. Following two successive ownerships, the property was purchased by Henry I. Middleton of Charleston, from whom NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 256 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Middleton Road took its name. Middleton planted 2,000 hydrangeas along the driveway. Destroyed with the house in the 1949 fire was much of the furniture, works of art, and the library of General William P. Miles of Houmas Plantation in Louisiana, Middleton’s father-in-law. For many years the property has been owned by several generations of Ravenels from Charleston. 91 A Ice House, 1930 C-S Located in the woods away from the house, the ice house appears to be a frame gable roof structure set close to the ground. The structure is covered with metal roofing and weatherboards in the gable ends. A solid wooden door in the gable end provides access to the interior; the other gable end contains a louvered vent. B Spring House, ca. 1930 C-B A one-story, front-gable spring house constructed of stone stands at the rear of the house. The building has a single-leaf door beneath a large stone lintel for access to the interior, screened window openings on the side elevations, exposed rafter tails, and weatherboards in the gable ends. An open shed supported by peeled log posts extends to the rear of the building. A stone wall projecting to the southeast of the building creates a raised planting bed. C Garage/Apartment, 145 Piedmont Drive, ca. 1930, ca. 1960 C-B Originally built as the garage for Piedmont estate, the two-story, hip-roof building has been enlarged with a one-story hip-roof wing to the side. The first story of the original building is constructed of stone with wood shingles on the second story. Double-leaf ledged-and-braced wood doors access the single garage bay. A second-story single-leaf entrance at the rear is accessed by exterior stairs and sheltered by an attached shed-roof entry porch on square posts. The second-story windows are six-over-six doublehung sash. The side wing exhibits asbestos shingle siding, corrugated metal roof, exposed rafter tails, and one-over-one double-hung windows. Double-leaf wood doors access the single garage bay. A wood deck, accessible from the second-story apartment, has been constructed over the roof of the side wing. D Shed, ca. 1950 C-B The long gable-roof shed is partially open and partially enclosed. The enclosed frame section at the north end is covered with board-and-batten siding. The open south end is supported by square wood posts and peeled log posts. The structure is capped by a metal roof and is located on the edge of the property to the southeast of the main house. 91 Early ownership as reported in C. G. Memminger’s memoirs indicate a 1792 land grant of 300 acres to Simon Kuykendall and David Miller; 1796 deed to Abraham Kuykendall; 1804 deed to James Kuykendall; 1825 deed to Enoch Capps; 1838 deed to Joseph Red and Robert Thompson; 1842 deed to Benjamin and Elisha King; 1844 deed to C. G. Memminger; and this portion to Pinckney in 1846. Henderson County Register of Deeds. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 257 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC E Kitchen, 155 Piedmont, ca. 1900, 1980s NC-B Originally used as the kitchen, the building has been moved to a new location on the property and converted into modern residence. As it appears now the two-story hip-roof frame dwelling rests on a concrete foundation and is covered with weatherboards. It features an exterior stone chimney, twin front entrances, shallow window hoods, and six-over-six double-hung sash. An attached one-story hip-roof porch supported on slender columns shelters the two single-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors. An attached one-story hip-roof screened porch extends the full width of the rear elevation, which was added after it was moved and converted to a residence. The building originally stood to the rear of the main house and was connected by a gable-roof extension that now serves as the porte cochere. In addition to the kitchen, the building appears to have been used as servants’ quarters. The windows on the rear elevation and the end chimney were added when the building was moved to this located, and two original chimneys were removed. PINE DRIVE On the east side of Greenville Highway, Pine Drive serves as the main entrance to the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds. This was the late-nineteenth century entrance and carriage drive to Dr. Arthur Guerard’s Heidelberg House (500 Pine Drive), which was later purchased for the assembly grounds. The road splits into a “V” shape at the intersection with the highway around the 1960s brick sign and entrance gate for the Assembly. House, 1954 C-B 10 Pine Drive One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house sits on a concrete block foundation and is covered with asbestos shingles. The house has an interior brick chimney, six-over-six double-hung windows, and a onestory gable-roof rear ell. Two elevated wood decks are attached to the side and rear elevations. Two sets of sliding-glass doors open onto the large deck on the side elevation. The rear deck provides access to a singleleaf entry door sheltered by a front-gable canopy supported on triangular brackets. House, 1938 30 Pine Drive C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 258 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The rustic character of this rambling one-story frame dwelling derives from its stone foundation and basement walls, board-and-batten siding, battered stone façade chimney, exposed rafter tails, and multi-light casement windows. The windows have decorative wood shutters with cutout diamond motifs. The side-gable house features a prominent projecting front-gable wing with a single-bay garage in the basement. The garage is entered through a glazed-and-paneled overhead door. A stone terrace is located on façade at the single-leaf entry. A shed-roof screened porch is attached at the rear. House, 1959 C-B 40 Pine Drive One-story side-gable frame Ranch house has an engaged screened porch on the façade, exposed rafter tails, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. Resting on a concrete block foundation, the house is covered with paneled wood sheathing. House, 2000 NC-B 81 Pine Drive One-and-a-half-story Tudor Revival-influenced house with a stucco exterior and applied half-timbering rests on a brick foundation and features a front-gable center bay flanked by gabled front dormers. House, 1959 C-B 120 Pine Drive Resting on a brick foundation, the one-story side-gable frame house is covered with board-and-batten siding and occupies a heavily wooded lot. The house features a front-gable wing, exposed rafter tails, and four-over-four double-hung sash windows. An inset porch in the front wing is screened. House, 1966 NC-B 121 Pine Drive One-story frame Ranch house has a side-gable roof, board-and-batten siding, an interior brick chimney, and eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows. The single-leaf entry door is accessed from a small concrete stoop with a metal railing. A three-part façade picture window is located west of the entrance. An engaged screened porch is located at the west end of the house. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 259 House, 1996 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 140 Pine Drive One-story modern frame Ranch house sits on a partial basement and brick foundation and is covered with vinyl siding. The house features a side-gable roof, decorative front gable, brick façade chimney, and a twocar basement garage entered from the façade. House, 1960 C-B 141 Pine Drive This one-story side-gable frame Ranch house is owned by the Unity Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Lancaster, South Carolina. Resting on a concrete block foundation, the house is covered with waney-edge wood siding and has an exterior brick chimney, attached front-gable entry porch, and replacement one-over-one windows. The porch is carried on square wood posts and shelters a replacement single-leaf entry door. An attached deck is located at the rear of the house. Carlisle House, 1971 NC-B 160 Pine Drive One-story front-gable frame house displays board-and-batten siding, exposed rafter tails, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The engaged front porch is screened. A side-gable wing extends from the northwest elevation. Missionary Cottage, 1925 C-B 170 Pine Drive One-story Craftsman-influenced frame bungalow has a brick foundation and German siding. The frontgable dwelling has projecting bays on the side elevation, an exterior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and replacement one-over-one windows. An attached front-gable porch is carried by square wood posts on brick piers and is enclosed with one-over-one storm windows. The house was built by E. C. Stuart of Florida, first chairman of the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds. Outdoor Chapel, 1973 NC-S NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 260 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 175 Pine Drive An outdoor chapel was built at the north end of the old swimming pool site and consists of a frame structure on a raised stone base. The simple three-sided structure has angled side walls extending from a rear wall. It is constructed with board-and-batten siding and has a partial hip roof. A grass lawn extends to the south and accommodates the audience. House, 1963 C-B 200 Pine Drive One-and-a-half-story A-frame house has a stuccoed foundation and watertable with plywood paneling on the upper walls and gable ends. A wood deck at the front of the house accesses the single-leaf entry door. The windows are typically replacement one-over-one sash windows with fixed-sash in the upper gable ends. Three skylights are positioned along both roof slopes. House, 1926 C-B 210 Pine Drive One-story Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling, known as Bide-A-Wee, with a front-gable roof sits on a stuccoed foundation and is covered with German siding. The house has an interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails and purlins, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. A single-leaf entry door is accessed from a small stoop and sheltered by an attached shed-roof canopy. A large gable-roof side wing extends to the south and is similarly finished with German siding and a stuccoed foundation. An engaged screened porch is located at the end of the wing. A Garage, ca. 1926 C-B One-story single-bay frame garage stands to the rear of the house. The front-gable structure has a metal roof, German siding, exposed rafter tails, and double-leaf wood doors. House, 1932 C-B 230 Pine Drive One-story frame house with cross-gable roof is covered with vinyl siding. The house has a brick pier foundation with concrete block infill. An inset screened porch is located at the north end of the façade. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 261 House, 1925 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 240 Pine Drive This one-story side-gable frame house known as Two Pines is covered with weatherboards and has a clipped gable roof. A projecting, front-gable wing contains an engaged screened porch. The house exhibits an interior brick chimney, an attached shed-roof addition to the south of the screened front porch, and an attached, enclosed porch wing at the rear. The house occupies a densely wooded double lot with thick plantings of rhododendron, hydrangeas, ivy, and boxwoods framing a straight, central walkway to the front entrance. Florilina Cottage, 1922 C-B 300 Pine Drive Resting on a brick foundation, this one-story Craftsman-influenced frame house with a front-gable roof is covered with weatherboards. It features a gable-roof side wing, exposed rafter tails, and an attached frontgable screened porch. The porch is supported by tapered wood posts on brick piers. The house occupies a level, grassy corner lot and is surrounded by numerous foundation plantings. E. C. Stuart of Florida, the first chairman of Bonclarken, built the dwelling for his family. House, 1954 C-B 330 Pine Drive One-story frame Ranch house with side-gable roof displays asbestos shingle siding, exposed rafter tails, exterior brick end chimney, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. Resting on a brick foundation, the house has an attached shed-roof porch on the façade that is screened. The porch shelters a single-leaf entrance and is flanked by a pair of windows. The Lodge, 2007 NC-B 345 Pine Drive Four-story gable-roof hotel designed by Christine Tedesco of RSCT Architects in Clemson, South Carolina for the Bonclarken Conference Center. The frame building is embellished with brick veneer on the first story, wood banding, decorative gables with exposed truss work, and attached shed-roof canopies on the third story. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 262 House, 1935 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 370 Pine Drive Remodeled one-story frame house has a side-gable front section and a long gable-roof rear ell. Resting on a brick foundation, the house is clad with vinyl siding and has replacement doors and one-over-one windows. It has an interior brick chimney and an attached shed-roof porch that is screened. The house was purchased in 1952 by the Kings Mountain Associate Reformed Presbyterian Sabbath School. Minister’s Apartment, 1928, 1958 C-B 390 Pine Drive Unusual two-story Craftsman-influenced frame apartment building has a projecting one-story wing on the north elevation and an attached two-story hip-roof porch on the south elevation. The building sits on a concrete block foundation and is covered with German siding. Two-story side wings are located at the rear of the east and west elevations. The windows are typically replacement one-over-one sash, with a few original three-over-one double-hung sash windows remaining in place. The one-story front wing serves as a common sitting room for the four 2-bedroom apartments contained within the building. A front-gable porch carried on square wood posts is attached to the front wing. In 1928, E. C. Stuart paid $750 for the lot and built the apartment building to induce ministers to visit Bonclarken. The apartments were partly furnished and offered at inexpensive rates. The building was remodeled in 1958. 92 Bonclarken Motel, 1968 NC-B 395 Pine Drive Designed by architect James L. Beam. the Bonclarken Motel is a one-story brick-veneer motel containing sixteen guest rooms. Eight rooms are located on both the east and west sides of the gable-roof building. An engaged porch carried on decorative metal posts extends the full width of each side elevation. Each guest room has a single-leaf entry door and a six-over-six double-hung window on the exterior wall. Faith Apartments, 1991 400 Pine Drive 92 Murdock, 133-134. NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 263 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The two-story side-gable frame building contains six townhouse-style apartments and is finished with applied decoration that emulates the appearance of Heidelberg House (500 Pine Drive). The building is composed of three, slightly offset sections, and it displays a cantilevered second-story, recessed single-leaf entrances, and paired twelve-light windows. House, 1940, ca. 2000 C-B 420 Pine Drive The one-story side-gable frame house with a low-pitched side-gable roof is covered with board-andbatten siding and sits on a concrete block foundation. An engaged shed-roof porch extends the full width of the façade, with an enclosed bay at the north end. The porch shelters two single-leaf entrances and two façade picture windows. A single-bay carport is engaged at the south end of the façade. The building was extensively rehabilitated around 2000, with a new metal roof, replacement porch posts, replacement doors, and replacement casement windows. Founders Hall, 1991 NC-B 475 Pine Drive Situated in the central part of Bonclarken, the two-story frame building contains 28 hotel-style guest rooms. Clad with vinyl siding, the building is capped by a side-gable roof with cross-gable front and rear end pavilions and two-story side-gable wings. An attached shed-roof porch spans the façade between the two end pavilions and features a front-gable entrance bay, square wood posts, simple balustrade, and a decorative spandrel. Bonclarken Chapel, 1961 C-B 477 Pine Drive Bonclarken Chapel is a one-story brick building with strong geometry and a steep side-gable roof that extends to nearly ground level. Exposed wood beams on the southeast elevation visually tie the roof structure to the ground. One-story gable-roof wings are located at the southeast and northwest corners. The northwest wing contains the main entrance, which features double-leaf wood doors framed by single-pane sidelights and transom. An attenuated metal cross rises against the front wall of the entrance wing and towers above the roof line. Bonclarken Chapel was dedicated on August 11, 1961. The chapel was designed by James L. Beam Jr. (1918-2010), an architect from Cherryville, North NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 264 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Carolina. A graduate of the Design School at North Carolina State University, Beam first met with the Bonclarken Board of Directors in 1959 to make recommendations for the overall growth of Bonclarken, including a chapel as a focal point near the center of the assembly grounds. The Board recommended proceeding with the design of the chapel and retaining Beam to assist with additional facilities and longrange planning. 93 Swiss Cottage, 1902 C-B 480 Pine Drive The one-story cross-gable frame building is neatly detailed with Swiss Chalet-style elements and is covered by board-and-batten siding with horizontal battens. The structure features deep overhanging eaves, exposed sawn rafter tails, triangular eave brackets, wood shingles in the gable ends, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. An open frame cupola with a pyramidal roof and sawn balustrade is positioned on the ridge of the roof. A projecting front-gable entrance bay forms a small porch, which is supported on chamfered posts and has exposed trusswork in the gable end. The porch floor extends beyond the entrance bay and wraps around the building on all sides. It is sheltered by the overhanging eaves and displays a low, decoratively sawn balustrade. The Swiss Cottage was built by Arthur Guerard and his second wife, Madelaine, following their marriage in 1901. Nibble Nook, ca. 1980 NC-B 490 Pine Drive Nestled on a shady site, the Nibble Nook is a one-story gable-roof pavilion and concession stand. The north side of the structure is a small, enclosure constructed of concrete block and containing space for the concessions. The wood-frame roof structure is supported on slender chamfered posts and forms an open shelter on the south side of the concession stand. The roof structure has paneled wood sheathing in the gable ends. Heidelberg House, ca. 1886, ca. 1893, 1902-1903, 1921, ca. 1980 500 Pine Drive 93 Murdock, 130. C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 265 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Large, sprawling two-and-a-half-story frame house that was built in stages until it became the 25,000square-foot complex that exists today. The main block is a front-gable building covered with asbestos shingle siding and features a four-story corner tower, interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, gable-roof dormers, bracketed front-gable eave, an attached one-story shed-roof porch, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. The porch is supported on turned posts and has a front-gable entrance bay, sawn rafter tails, stained-glass spandrel panels, and a balustrade with turned balusters. The central double-leaf entry doors are composed of a large single light over a single panel. Pebbledash stucco was added to the façade beneath the porch around 1900. The upper story of the tower is an open pavilion beneath a flared pyramidal roof and displaying turned posts, curved brackets, and a low balustrade. The tower was added to the original structure around 1893, at the same time as the flat-roof porte cochere on the west elevation. The porte cochere is supported by turned posts on brick piers and has curved brackets that formed arched spandrels. The entrance bay from the porte cochere is composed of a single-leaf multi-light entry and multi-light transom flanked by a bank of three nine-over-nine double-hung sash windows on either side. Around 1902, construction began on the two-and-a-half-story east wing, which rests on a stone foundation and is similarly finished with a four-story corner tower, Stick Style porches, sawn rafter tails, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. Five gable-roof dormers are located on the east roof slope, with fewer on the west side due to the two-story connector bay that links the two sections of the house. A onestory polygonal bay projects on the west elevation with a second-story porch sheltered by an attached shed roof. An enclosed breezeway extends from the front of the east wing to the two-story contemporary wing that contains Convocation Hall. The metal-frame breezeway has large plate-glass windows over metal panels. Built in the 1980s, the Convocation Hall wing was built with the upper story, which contains a large dining room and kitchen, on grade with the main building and the large meeting room located on the lower story. The building is constructed with stucco on the first story, paneled wood sheathing on the second story, and stone-veneer piers and accents. It has a cross-gable roof, interior stone chimney, and a exterior balcony that wraps around the west and north elevations of the wing. In 1885, Dr. Arthur R. Guerard of Charleston purchased land from the Lowndes family and constructed a large frame summer house. Around 1893, when the Guerards decided to become permanent residents of Flat Rock, he added a large wing, doubling the size of the original residence, added twin four-story towers at the front corners, and opened it as a hotel and later as a sanitarium. The east wing was added in 1902, bringing the building’s size to nearly 25,000 square feet. The grounds were extensively landscaped and several postcards were produced showing the front of the building, distant views of the house high above Highland Lake, and closer views from the lake showing the extensive gardens and walkways on the long sloping bank in front of the house. The commercial ventures, however, proved difficult, and by 1915, the property had fallen into disrepair. The Geurards moved into a house on Greenville Highway and rented the hotel to a Mr. Davis of Tennessee. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 266 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC In 1921, Dr. Guerard sold the property and moved to New York. The 63-acre estate and massive house were purchased by the Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church for its summer conference center, which had previously been held in Gastonia, North Carolina. Bonclarken continued the property's use as a commercial endeavor, developing it as a residential summer retreat and conference center. The large house was retained and strongly retains its character and significant feature, despite changes. EAST PINECREST DRIVE 100-111 East Pinecrest Drive See Pinecrest Estates subdivision Pinecrest, ca. 1885, ca. 1920 [Photo 4] C-B 114 East Pinecrest Drive Pinecrest is a two-story front-gable frame residence with projecting two-story gable-roof side bays and a one-story rear ell. Covered with weatherboards, the house exhibits two interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, a bracketed cornice on the façade, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. The asymmetrical five-bay façade features an attached full-width hip-roof porch carried on slender chamfered posts with delicate moldings and sawn brackets. The east end of the metal-roofed porch is screened. The porch shelters a central single-leaf entry door, which is composed of six vertical panels and topped by a three-light transom, and glazed jib doors. The polygonal two-story bay on the east elevation displays sawn brackets with small pendants that evoke the Queen Anne style. A wood deck is attached to the west elevation of the rear ell. The house occupies a small knoll and is approached through the Pinecrest Estates subdivision, which was created on part of the estate land in the 1960s. The short driveway terminates with a triangular turnaround loop in front of the house. Large boxwoods are planted along the driveway and across the front of the house. The property is heavily wooded to either side of the house and at the rear. Remnants of a tennis court are visible on the grounds to the northwest. The Pinecrest property was originally part of Henry Farmer’s 400-acre “hotel” tract, which was purchased in 1847 from Alexander Ramseur. Judge Charles H. Simonton of Charleston purchased the estate in 1885, built the house, and developed the grounds, including a lake in the east pasture. In 1917, Alan Wood III purchased Pinecrest, which he owned along with the adjoining Bonnie Brae estate (1085 W. Blue Ridge Road), Jordan’s Mill and Pond (1150 W. Blue Ridge Road), and the Wood- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 267 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Maloney House at 1151 W. Blue Ridge Road. Wood married Elizabeth Fitzsimmons Read, whose prominent family owned Maryville Plantation near Georgetown, South Carolina. Soon after their fourth child was born in 1917, their young daughter became ill, prompting the Woods’ to move to Flat Rock as year round residents. Wood created a working dairy farm, constructing two large barns, corn silo, and a manure pit as part of the farm complex. He built a new house for the caretaker and farm manager, Ben Jones, near the farm complex. Wood sold approximately forty-two acres of the southeast pastureland to Jones before selling the estate. In 1934, Pinecrest was purchased by Mr. Francis Rhue, whose wife was Virginia Pelzer of Charleston. In 1959, 100 acres of the Pinecrest estate were sold to the Bonclarken Assembly, which sold approximately seventy-one acres to the Henderson County Public School System in 1963. The school tract included the large east pasture, caretaker's bungalow, several barns, and other farm outbuildings. The remaining twentynine acres of Bonclarken’s purchase included estate land to the north of the main house and was subdivided for residential development. In 1961, Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Bowers of Columbus, Georgia purchased the residual 8.47-acre tract containing the main house, a servants’ house, outbuildings, and landscape elements. Bowers married Lucille Dwight of Charleston, the granddaughter of General Seigling, who owned Saluda Cottages (see 1895 Little River Road). The property is now the full-time residence of the Bowers’ daughter, Sara Bowers Bowen, and her husband Jeffrey Bowen. A Ice House, ca. 1917 C-B One-story octagonal frame building rests on a stone foundation and is capped by a wood-shake roof. The weatherboarded structure has a single-leaf four-panel door on the east and west elevations, which are flanked by square louvered vents. A decorative sawn fascia board enlivens the exterior. The building is similar to ice houses built at Beaumont (72 Beaumont Drive) and Teneriffe (2531 Little River Road) in the early twentieth century, but the concrete floor makes it unclear whether or not it had a pit for storing ice. In later years it was used for storing meat. B Dairy, ca. 1917 C-B One-story stone structure used for cold storage. The asphalt-shingle hip roof projects forward to shelter the single-leaf wood entry door, and wood lattice screens the sunken entrance. Square wood pickets secure small openings on the east and west elevations. Built-in concrete troughs on the interior are covered with wood. C Bath House, ca. 1917 C-B Resting on a stone pier foundation, the bath house is a one-story hip-roof frame building covered with weatherboards. The deep, overhanging eaves display exposed rafter tails. The interior was originally divided down the center into two rooms that were accessed from single-leaf four-panel doors on the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 268 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC façade. Six-over-six double-hung sash windows are located on the north and south side elevations. D Servants’ House, ca. 1917 C-B One-story, one-room frame dwelling served as living quarters for the chauffeur and housekeeper that worked for the owner’s. The building has a stone pier foundation, hip-roof, exposed rafter tails, weatherboards, and an exterior brick chimney. A single-leaf six-panel door on the façade is flanked by a single four-light double-hung window. A six-over-six window is located on the rear (west) elevation, and a three-over-one double-hung window is located on the south elevation. E Outbuilding, ca. 1917 C-B One-story side-gable frame building has a concrete block foundation, German siding, exposed rafter tails, and an interior brick chimney. A single-leaf six-panel door provides access to the interior from the south elevation. Six-over-six double-hung sash windows are located on three sides of the building, which was used as part of the farm operations. F Garage/Servants’ House, ca. 1917 C-B Located at the end of the pine avenue planted in the early twentieth century and running east and southeast of the main house, the garage and servants’ house is a two-story gambrel-roof frame structure that has been converted into a guest house. Resting on a concrete block foundation, the garage bay at the south end has been enclosed with a single-leaf door flanked by six-over-six double-hung sash windows. An attached shed-roof porch supported on slender square posts shelters the entrance, which consists of three horizontal lights over three horizontal panels. The building is covered with German siding and exhibits shed dormers, flared eaves with exposed rafter tails, and six-over-six windows. The center dormer on the west elevation contains a single-leaf entry door, which opens onto an attached wood deck. Vehicles were kept on the first story and servants resided upstairs. WEST PINECREST DRIVE See Pinecrest Estates subdivision PINECREST ESTATES DRIVE See Pinecrest Estates subdivision PINEHOLT LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 269 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC PINE VALLEY ROAD Part of the Hillandale subdivision, which was platted on land belonging to Joseph Kolendo beginning in 1956. House, 1958, ca. 2005 NC-B 172 Pine Valley Road One-story Ranch house has brick veneer and vinyl siding, side-gable roof with front-gable end bay, twoover-two double-hung sash, and a brick chimney on the front elevation. An engaged porch is supported on bracketed posts, and a large cross-gable two-bay garage wing has been added to the structure. House, 2002 NC-B 187 Pine Valley Road One-story side-gable frame house is clad with vinyl siding and has two attached single-car garages. House, 2002 NC-B 257 Pine Valley Road One-story side-gable frame house is clad with vinyl siding and has an enclosed porch on the façade. House, 1997 NC-B 302 Pine Valley Road One-story side-gable frame house is clad with vinyl siding and has an attached shed-roof porch, six-oversix windows, and an engaged single-car garage. House, 1990 NC-B 351 Pine Valley Road One-story side-gable Ranch house with a stuccoed exterior rests on a concrete block foundation and displays front-gable end bays, polygonal bay windows, and an inset porch with a metal railing. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 270 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC PLEASANT HILL DRIVE Main drive to the Pleasant Hill estate. House, 1997 NC-B 1023 Pleasant Hill Drive One-story Neo-Colonial frame house with a side-gable roof, set back side wings, symmetrical seven-bay façade, and synthetic siding. An attached shed-roof porch carried on tall Tuscan columns shelters the five center bays of the house, including the single-leaf entrance framed with sidelights and surmounted by a fanlight. The façade windows are typically nine-over-six sash and the central windows are topped by transoms. A one-bay wing extends to the north from the north side wing, and on the south side a gable-roof connector links the main block with a large three-car garage. The side-gable garage wing contains a singleleaf entry door and two bays accessed through metal overhead doors. House, 2003 NC-B 1051 Pleasant Hill Drive This rambling one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house is dominated by a projecting, central frontgable bay on the façade and an attached one-story hip-roof wraparound porch. Two segmental-arch wall dormers on the façade flank the projecting center bay. The house is clad with weatherboards and the windows are typically four-over-one sash. A gable-roof one-and-a-half-story rear ell connects the main block with a one-and-a-half-story three-bay garage wing. A gable roof dormer on the south elevation of the ell is located above an inset porch supported on square wood posts. The gable roof of the garage runs parallel to the gable of the main block. House, 1993 NC-B 1141 Pleasant Hill Drive The one-and-a-half-story hip-roof frame house has multiple gable dormers and hip-roof extensions that create a busy roofline. The house is clad with weatherboards except for the front entrance bay, which displays stacked stone veneer. An engaged hip-roof porch extends from the façade to an open breezeway that connects with a two-bay hip-roof garage. The front-gable entry bay of the porch has an arched spandrel and is carried on stone posts. The house features an interior wood-clad chimney, multi-light casements, engaged NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 271 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC rear screened porch, and a stone-walled formal garden to the northeast of the house. A Barn, ca. 1900 C-B Originally built as the barn for Pleasant Hill (1068 Pleasant Hill Drive), the structure now occupies the eight-acre parcel associated with this house. The tall, two-story frame structure features a steep broken-pitch front-gable roof that complements the main house at Pleasant Hill. The first story and upper gable end are covered with wood shingles while the middle section of the gable end, formed by the broken-pitched roof is clad with board-and-batten siding. A front-gable cupola covered with wood shingles rises from the roof’s ridgeline. The center passage barn rests on a stone foundation and is entered through double-leaf, single-leaf, and sliding wood doors. Windows are typically six-over-six double-hung sash. A single-leaf wood door in the front gable end provides access to the hay loft. House, 1993 NC-B 1161 Pleasant Hill Drive The one-story contemporary Ranch house is constructed of frame and covered with weatherboards and stone veneer. A tall, front-gable entrance bay features a deep, overhanging eave framing the single-leaf entrance flanked by sidelight, stone-veneer pilasters, and plate-glass window panels. A two-bay front-gable garage wing is attached at the north end of the façade. Other features include an interior stone chimney, modern single-light casement windows, and an attached wood deck on the rear elevation. Pleasant Hill, ca. 1850, ca. 1908, ca. 2009 C-B 1168 Pleasant Hill Drive Originally built as a summer house, the dwelling was redesigned around 1908 by Asheville architect Richard Sharp Smith and given its present Arts and Crafts character on the exterior. The two-story frame house is covered with wood shingles and capped by a steep cross-gable roof. A two-story front pavilion has a front-gable porch on the first story, recessed entrance bay, and a second-story porch enclosed with a band of windows. An attached one-story hip-roof porch extends to either side of the pavilion and has been screened. It is supported by square, wood-singled posts on cut-granite posts with stone caps and has a wood balustrade with closely-set square balusters. The porch displays sawn rafter tails and heavy purlin brackets in the entrance gable, which shelters a single-leaf glazed-and-paneled door flanked by pilasters and sidelights and surmounted by a multi-light transom. Resting on a stone foundation, the house has three stuccoed interior chimneys, nine-over-nine windows on the first story, and original six-light and modern replacement NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 272 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC casements on the second. The north elevation has a one-story flat-roof polygonal bay with a molded cornice surmounted by a second-story window unit. The window panel is composed of a nine-over-nine sash and three-over-three double-hung sidelights over wood panels. An attached one-story wing at the northwest corner exhibits sawn rafter tails, stuccoed chimney and brick flue, and a polygonal end bay. The south elevation has a projecting second-story sleeping porch that is enclosed with modern casement windows. The porch is supported by shingled brackets and shelters a window panel similar to one on the second story of the north elevation. A wood deck is attached at the southwest corner and extends beneath an attached one-story porte cochere at the rear. The hip-roof structure is carried by square wood posts on stone piers and displays sawn rafters. The interior of the house retains many of its Greek Revival features, most notably a tightly curved spiral staircase. A number of landscape elements surrounding Pleasant Hill were once part of the large estate, although the parcel containing the main house and outbuildings has been reduced to approximately ten acres. Pleasant Hill Drive is a pine avenue approaching the house, which is surrounded by rolling pastures, woodlands, and a fruit orchard of approximately 70-80 apple, apricot, and pear trees. Stone paths, curbing, terraces, and a formal garden are located on the property. The accepted story of Pleasant Hill’s construction claims that William C. Johnstone (1829-1893), a wealthy rice planter from Georgetown, South Carolina, built the original house in 1839. William Johnstone was the son of Andrew Johnstone (1805-1864), who built Beaumont (72 Beaumont Drive) in 1839 on adjoining land and gave a portion of the land to his son. It seems unlikely that William Johnstone built Pleasant Hill in 1839, as is commonly reported, but may have been erected the dwelling closer to 1850, when he had reached his majority. He sold it in October 1857 to Dr. Thomas Means of Parris Island, South Carolina (Deed 6/372). 94 Following the Civil War, Thomas Means sold the estate, which included 126 acres, to Owen and Annie Rowe of Edgecombe County, North Carolina, in 1868 (Deed 8/433). Josephine Bond of Cleveland, Ohio, purchased the property from the Rowes in 1871, and borrowed money from fellow Ohioan Dorothy Morris, the new owner of Beaumont, to finance the transaction (Deeds 9/406 and 408). Bond and her sibling, Francis D. Bond, of Washington, DC, sold the property in 1889 to Charles A. McEwen. The house, which was then known as Sunnyside, was transferred Frederick C. and Helen Abbott in 1892 (Deed 29/170). A native of Connecticut, Frederick Abbott (1862-1959) worked in his father’s real estate and insurance 94 Further confusing the issue of William Johnstone’s original ownership, he owned a farm some distance to the southwest (in present-day Transylvania County) where he built a substantial house and was on the first vestry of St. Paul’s in the Valley Episcopal Church. Beginning in the mid-1850s, the church met at Montclove, the home of Jonstone’s uncle, Francis Withers Johnstone (1813-1882), and William Johnstone was one of the principal donors of the church building, which was completed around 1859. See Laura A. W. Phillips and Deborah Thompson, Transylvania: The Architectural History of a Mountain County (Brevard, NC: Transylvania County Joint Historic Preservation Commission, 1998), 124-125, 251-252 and 257-258. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 273 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC office before moving to Asheville in 1892 for health reasons. In the fall of 1892, Abbott bought the house in Flat Rock with his first wife Helen, who died in 1893; he was soon remarried to Annie Bushnell (18591935), a native of Ohio and graduate of Wellesley College. The Abbotts lived in Flat Rock until 1897, when they moved to Charlotte. Frederick Abbott entered the real estate business and became a prominent businessman, president of the Chamber of Commerce of Charlotte, and a director of the YMCA state committee. Annie Abbott was a founder of the Charlotte Woman’s Club and served for many years as president of the YWCA, both the Charlotte chapter and the state organization. In 1908, Richard Sharp Smith prepared designs for the remodeling of the Abbott’s house in Flat Rock, which they sold to Arthur Draper of Charlotte in 1913. During their ownership, the Abbotts gave land for the Pleasant Hill School and Pleasant Hill Baptist Church and Cemetery, located to the southwest of their estate. 95 After a succession of owners in the twentieth century it was sold in the 1980s to Carl and Mary Fisher. Carl Fisher retired from the Air Force and aerospace industry and settled in Flat Rock. The Fishers partitioned the land and developed the adjoining eighty-acre Woodhaven subdivision to the south. In 1989, the Fishers sold Pleasant Hill, the house and ten acres, to Gene and Linda Kopf, who bought adjoining properties to increase the protected conservation areas around the house. Linda Kopf restored the early gardens for the cultivation of prize-winning dahlias. In recent years, however, the Kopfs have sold Pleasant Hill. 96 A Guest House, 1154 Pleasant Hill Drive, ca. 1900, ca 1995 C-B One-and-a-half-story frame dwelling has a steep side-gable roof, wood shingle siding, and central front-gable bay on the second-story above an attached partial-width hip-roof porch. The house exhibits exposed rafter tails, small six-over-six double-hung sash, and shed window canopies on the gable ends. The porch is supported by square wood posts with a modern wood balustrade. Around 1995, the house was moved to this location near the edge of the woods to the south of the main house and rehabilitated as a guest house. The house sits on a stuccoed foundation with a single-bay garage located in the basement and an attached wood deck at the rear. B Dahlia Barn, 1160 Pleasant Hill Drive, ca. 1996 95 NC-B Prominent People of North Carolina: Brief Biographies of Leading People for Ready Reference Purposes (Asheville, NC: Evening News Publishing Company, 1906), 10-11. Nancy F. Cott, Women and War, History of Women in the United States Series 15 (Munich: K. G. Saur, 1993) 128-129. Richard Sharp Smith drawings, Asheville Art Museum. Prior to arriving in North Carolina, Abbott participated in the first basketball game on December 21, 1891, at the YMCA in Springfield, Massachusetts. James Naismith developed the game for a group of discontented men, who were training to be YMCA administrators and increasingly bored with the limited regimen of winter exercises. See Interview with Luther Kelly, Levine Museum of the New South, Basketball Series, J. Murrey Atkins Library, UNC Charlotte (http://nsv.uncc.edu/interview/muke0091; retrieved September 11, 2014) and James Naismith, Basketball: Its Origin and Development (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1996). 96 Ruscin 2007, 35. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 274 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Located in a pasture to the west of the main house, the one-and-a-half-story gambrel-roof frame barn rests on a stone foundation and is covered with board-and-batten siding. The building features a frontgambrel bay on the west elevation, twin diamond-shaped windows in the south gambrel end, one-overone windows, and a hip-roof cupola. Two sliding barn doors are located on the east elevation. An attached shed-roof entry porch on the south elevation shelters a single-leaf entry door. The porch abuts a small greenhouse on the south elevation that is composed of stone perimeter walls surmounted by glazed roof and window panels. A full basement is exposed on the west elevation and contains two open garage bays. The building was designed in 1996 by local architect Ken Gaylord. C Pond, ca. 1900 C-S A small pond, approximately one-quarter of an acre in size, is located in the woods to the southeast of the main house. It is formed by a concrete and earth dam and is bordered by a low concrete wall. D Gateposts, ca. 1900 C-O Stacked stone gateposts stand at the entrance to the tree-line drive to the house. E Gateposts, ca. 1980 NC-O Stone gateposts with raised mortar joints are located at the entrance to Pleasant Hill Drive near its intersection with Little River Road. A bronze plaque denotes this as the entrance to “Pleasant Hill Farm.” PLEASANT HILL ROAD 104, 111, 136 Pleasant Hill Road NC-B (3) Three one-story Ranch houses—built in 1980, 1979, and 1978 respectively—are constructed of frame with stone veneer foundation and accents. RACINE PLACE See Beaumont Estates subdivision (Boundary Decrease) RAVENSWOOD ROAD Small subdivision developed in the early 1960s on site of Ravenswood, the Victorian summer house of the Rev. John G. Drayton of Charleston and later owned by the Hastie family. The house was demolished for development, and the principal street is Ravenswood Drive, which contains thirteen one-story, brick-veneer NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 275 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC and wood frame houses dating from the early 1960s to the 1990s. A lake to the southeast of Ravenswood Drive is shared with The Little Hill at 2771 Greenville Highway. House, 1963 C-B 2 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an interior brick chimney, front-gable end bay, façade picture windows, single-leaf entry door, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. A projecting frontgable wing contains a two-car carport supported by brick posts on low brick walls. House, 1963 C-B 4 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house features a recessed entrance bay with weatherboard siding flanked by curved bay windows on the façade. A side-gable porch on the south side elevation is carried on paired square wood posts. The house has an interior stuccoed chimney, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and a frame garage wing covered with weatherboards. House, 1967 NC-B 5 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house with an inset porch carried on decorative iron posts, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and a garage wing on the north side elevation. House, 1973 NC-B 6 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has a prominent front-gable end bay with wood shingles in the gable end. It features an engaged partial-width porch with arched spandrels, a two-car garage entered from the north side elevation, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. House, 1970 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 276 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 7 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house with an attached partial-width shed-roof porch, weatherboards in the gable ends, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and an attached two-car garage wing. House, 1967 NC-B 8 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable Ranch house with brick veneer and waney-edge wood siding has an interior brick chimney, inset entrance bay, and a wood deck attached on the south side elevation. House, 1963 C-B 10 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house on a raised basement has an elevated wood deck attached to the northeast elevation. The house features deep eaves, an interior brick chimney, and two-over-two doublehung sash windows with horizontal muntins. An engaged porch is located on the southwest elevation. A single garage bay is located in the basement. A Garage, ca. 1980 NC-B A detached one-story front-gable brick garage with two bay and weatherboards in the gable ends stands at the top of the driveway and is connected to the house by a covered walkway. House, 1966, ca. 1980 NC-B 12 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house displays curved bay windows, an exterior brick chimney, a recessed entrance bay, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. A gable-roof frame addition projects to the northeast and a brick terrace is attached to the façade. House, 1968 14 Ravenswood Road NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 277 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an interior brick chimney, attached front-gable entry porch, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and a two-bay garage wing. House, 1964 C-B 15 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house features an engaged partial-width porch carried on square posts, a single-leaf entry door, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. Two garage bays on the façade are entered through paneled wooden overhead doors. House, 1972 NC-B 16 Ravenswood Road Two-story side-gable brick house with a two-car hip-roof garage wing has an exterior brick chimney, weatherboards on the second story, an attached second-story porch, a single-leaf entry flanked by sidelights, and eight-over-twelve double-hung sash windows. House, 1996 NC-B 18 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable frame house with multiple front-gable bays, vinyl siding, engaged porch, and a single-leaf entry framed by sidelights and a transom. A garage wing is covered with stone veneer. House, 1966 NC-B 20 Ravenswood Road One-story hip-roof brick Ranch house with a recessed entrance patio features a single-leaf entry door with sidelights, single garage bay on the façade, and replacement single-pane casement windows. House, 1963, 2012 22 Ravenswood Road C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 278 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an engage partial-width porch on replacement posts, singleleaf entry door, and two garage bays on the façade. House, 1968 NC-B 24 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house features an interior brick chimney, engaged partial-width porch on paired posts, single-leaf entry with sidelights, replacement one-over-one windows, and a two-bay sidegable garage wing. House, 1962 C-B 26 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house with a tall center section has an engaged partial-width porch carried on wood posts, interior brick chimney, single-leaf entry door, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. Two garage bays are located on the façade and entered through paneled wooden overhead doors. House, 1964 C-B 28 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has an inset front porch, curved bay window on the façade, an interior brick chimney, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. Two garage bays are located on the façade and entered through replacement overhead doors. House, 1970 NC-B 29 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house on a partially-exposed basement features an inset porch with decorative metal posts and railings, an interior brick chimney, two-car garage entered from the northeast side elevation, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. House, 1964 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 279 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 30 Ravenswood Road One-story side-gable brick Ranch house displays an inset entrance bay vertical wood sheathing, weatherboards in the gable ends, and paired six-over-six double-hung sash windows. Two garage bays are located on the façade and entered through glazed-and-paneled wooden overhead doors. RECREATION DRIVE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Gounds. Office, ca. 1950 C-B 167 Recreation Drive One-story Ranch-style office building has a side-gable roof and is covered with brick veneer siding. The building, which is nestled among trees on a wooded lot, features an attached shed-roof porch on square wood posts, two single-leaf glazed-and-paneled entry doors on the façade, three-light aluminum-frame louver windows, and vertical wood sheathing in the gable ends. Utility Building, ca. 1995 NC-B 158 Recreation Drive One-story side-gable metal-frame building is covered with metal sheathing and a metal roof. The building exhibits six-over-six double-hung sash, single-leaf entry doors, and a large garage bay entered through a sliding metal door. RED MAPLE LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) RED FOX LANE 100, 104, 110, 120, 130 Red Fox Lane NC-B (5) Five houses built in 1980s and 1990s. Various styles including one-story ranches, two-story Tudor, and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 280 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC one-story French Eclectic. RESTFUL LANE Part of Highland Lake Inn complex (see 86 Lily Pad Lane), the six cottages along Restful Lane were built in the 1940s as part of Camp Highland Lake. Periwinkle Cottage, ca. 1940 C-B 38 Restful Lane One-story Tudor Revival-inspired frame house has a weatherboarded apron, stucco walls, exposed rafter tails, and replacement windows. An attached front-gable porch is supported by square wood posts with a solid weatherboarded balustrade. It shelters a single-leaf entry door framed by sidelights. A set back side wing extends to the south. A shed-roof addition at the rear is covered with weatherboards and has plate-glass picture windows. Honeysuckle Cottage, ca. 1940 C-B 48 Restful Lane One-story Tudor Revival-inspired frame house with a hip-gable roof has a weatherboarded apron and stuccoed walls. The north roof slope extends down to the level of the apron. An attached front-gable entry porch is supported on square wood posts and displays decorative half-timbering in the gable end. A wood deck extends to the north from the porch and accesses sliding-glass doors on the façade. The house has a stone foundation, interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and replacement casement and six-over-six windows. Laurel Cottage, ca. 1940 C-B 58 Restful Lane One-and-a-half-story Tudor Revival-inspired frame house with a side-gable roof has weatherboard siding on the first story and decorative half-timbering and stucco on the upper walls and gable ends. An asymmetrical front-gable bay contains an inset porch along the south elevation of the house. A shed-roof extension at the rear of the house forms a one-and-a-half-story rear wing with paneled wood sheathing on the first story. The house has a stone foundation, interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and replacement casement and six-over-six windows. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 281 Pool House, ca. 1975 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 60 Restful Lane The pool house, containing two restrooms, is a one-story frame structure with a clipped side-gable roof, weatherboard siding and applied half-timbering, six-light casement windows in the gable ends, and an attached hip-roof porch. Two single-leaf entry doors are located on the front elevation. The building is elevated above grade at the rear and supported on a wood post foundation. A large wood deck with a weatherboarded apron extends to the west of the building. The pool house was built at the north end of the original, large, rectangular pool, which was filled in the early 2000s. It stands a short distance north of the present swimming pool. C Storage building, ca. 1975 NC-S The low, one-story, concrete block building is located immediately west of the pool house and is used to house the equipment and maintenance supplies for the swimming pool. A shed-roof extension at the rear (north) features an exterior concrete block chimney and a single-leaf entry door. B Swimming pool, ca. 2004 NC-S A modern, in-ground swimming pool surrounded by a concrete deck was constructed in the early 2000s to replace the original rectangular pool. The present irregularly-shaped pool is significantly smaller than the one it replaced. C Pavilion, ca. 2004 NC-S The one-story gable-roof frame pavilion is six bays long and is supported on square wood posts with diagonal bracing. It has an asphalt-shingle roof and vertical wood sheathing in the gable ends. It was built to the south of the new swimming pool. Azalea Cottage, ca. 1940 C-B 68 Restful Lane One-story side-gable frame dwelling has a front-gable bay, interior brick chimney, picture windows, and an elevated, attached wood deck on the west elevation. The house is clad with weatherboards and stucco. The windows are replacement six-over-six and six-light casements. Dogwood Cottage, ca. 1940 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 282 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 88 Restful Lane One-and-a-half-story Tudor Revival-inspired frame house with a side-gable roof has weatherboard siding, decorative half-timbering and stucco in the gable ends, rear shed dormer, interior stuccoed chimney, exposed rafter tails, and replacement windows. An attached shed-roof porch is supported by square wood posts with a solid weatherboarded balustrade. A small, set back side wing is located on the south elevation. Waterlily Cottage, ca. 1940 C-B 108 Restful Lane One-story Tudor Revival-inspired frame house has a weatherboarded apron, stucco walls, exposed rafter tails, and replacement windows. An attached front-gable porch is supported by square wood posts with a solid weatherboarded balustrade. A set back side wing extends to the south. RHETT DRIVE A dirt road on the east side of Highland Lake named in the 1990s for Henrietta Aiken Rhett, early owner of Rhett’s mill and the lake. The road provides access to houses on a point that juts into the lake, many of which are owned by Rhett’s descendants. 28-204 Rhett Drive See Garden Hamlet at Highland Lake subdivision. House, ca. 1928, 2013 NC-B 215 Rhett Drive One-and-a-half-story front-gable frame guest lodge is a substantial remodeling of the ca. 1928 Patterson House, which was located on this site. Only the roof structure of the earlier house remains intact and is visible on the interior of the present building, which features a broken-pitch roof, rough-cut wood siding, and wood-shingled dormers. An engaged porch is located on the south elevation overlooking the upper reaches of Highland Lake. A hip-roof porch at the north end of the east elevation is supported by square wood posts and has a balcony above that is accessed by double-leaf glazed doors in a gabled dormer. Bands of large plate-glass windows line the east, west, and south elevations to light the interior. A Restroom, 2013 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 283 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story side-gable frame restroom building displays rough-cut wood siding, wood shingles in the gable ends, single-leaf entry door, and modern fixed-sash windows. Gaud-Coleman House, 1917 [Photo 12] C-B 267 Rhett Drive Largely unaltered one-and-a-half-story Craftsman bungalow is situated at the south end of a grassy lawn and is approached along a stone pathway leading from the road to the house. Resting on foundation of cut granite blocks, the house is covered with wood shingles and features interior and exterior stone chimneys, front and rear shed dormers, exposed rafter tails, and an engaged full-width porch, which has been screened. The central single-leaf entry door is flanked by multi-light sidelights. The windows are twelve-over-one and nine-over-one double-hung sash and twelve-light wood casements. 1-1/2-story, side-gabled with 3-bay shed dormer with casement windows. A one-story hip-roof wing extends to the rear with a small, inset corner porch sheltered by a roof overhang that is supported by a single wood post. The house appears to have been built in 1917 by William Steen Gaud (1866-1952) and Isabella C. Williams Gaud of Charleston, South Carolina. A native of Toronto, Canada and educated at Illinois College, Gaud was the respected founder and headmaster of The Gaud School for Boys. Before moving to Charleston, he taught at Phillips Exeter Academy and later was principal of the high school in Durham, North Carolina. He also served as head of the English department at Shattuck School in Minnesota and of Sacks Collegiate Institute in New York City. In 1906, Gaud married the much younger Isabella Williams, who came from a prominent Charleston family that likely had connections to Flat Rock. The Gauds, who had four children, assembled their Flat Rock property from five adjacent lots beginning in 1917. In 1908, at the age of 42, he moved to Charleston to become head of the University School, and soon founded the Gaud School, which opened on October 1, 1908. The Gaud School was recognized for its rigorous academic instruction and for its strict, demanding, and successful headmaster. During World War I, the school closed and Gaud was selected to set up schools for the Fourth Division of the YMCA in France. He reopened the school after the war and continued as headmaster until his retirement in 1948. With growth and mergers, Gaud School continues today as Porter-Gaud School. In 1948, at his retirement, William Gaud sold his growing school to Berkeley Grimball. In 1964, the school was merged with Porter Military Academy and The Watt School, an elementary school, to become Porter-Gaud School, dropping the military program and moving to a seventy-acre site across the Ashley River from its former downtown location. Porter-Gaud remained a boys’ school until admitting girls in 1972. Following World War II, J. Walker and Felicia Chisolm Coleman purchased the house from William Gaud in 1946. The Colemans had visited Flat Rock with friends many times, but had not previously owned a house there. The sale included five tracts that remain with the house today, as well as "all of the furniture NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 284 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC now in the houses on the said property, including blankets, cooking utensils, also lawn mower and lawn furniture, garden tools, in fact, all of the furniture and equipment except radio and personal effects of the parties of the first part." The house was used throughout the summer by three generations, with grandchildren sleeping in cots in the hall, barracks style. Some years after Walker Coleman's death, when Mrs. Coleman's failing health precluded visits, the property, again with most of its furnishings, was sold to John R. and Charlotte McCrady of Charleston. A Garage, 1917 C-B Large one-story front-gable frame garage is covered with board-and-batten siding and located southwest of the house. The garage has exposed rafter tails and double-leaf wood doors. Grimball House, 1918 C-B 285 Rhett Drive One-and-a-half-story frame house has a side-gambrel roof with two front shed dormers, each with paired casement windows. Covered with weatherboards, the house features exposed rafter tails, a set back side wing, and an engaged porch carried on simple columns; a hip-roof addition extends the screened porch to wrap around the west elevation. The porch extension is supported by paired square posts with decorative cross-bracing. The porch shelters the single-leaf entry door, which is framed by sidelights and a fanlight. Windows are typically six-over-six double-hung sash. A one-story gable-roof ell extends to the rear and is supported on concrete block piers. The rear ell is clad with weatherboards and asbestos shingles. A gravel drive created in 1939 circles in front of the house and is bordered by hydrangeas. The house may have been built by Carroll P. Rogers, who also built the neighboring house for his use (see 301 Rhett Drive). Rogers acquired a large tract from T. P. Mallorie, which he later sold to the Grimball family in 1923. The house has remained in their ownership. A Garage, ca. 1918 C-B One-story front-gable frame garage features weatherboard siding, exposed rafter tails, and doubleleaf cross-braced wood doors. Rogers House, ca. 1910, ca. 1975 NC-B 301 Rhett Drive The one-and-a-half-story hip-roof frame house has hip-roof dormers on all four sides of the roof and is covered with weatherboards. The house features interior brick chimneys, one-story hip-roof additions on the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 285 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC east elevation, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The large, front-gable screened porch was likely added in the late 1970s or early 1980s by the Underhills, who purchased the property in 1974. The property retains some elements of its early landscape design including stone steps leading from the road to the front lawn and boxwood plantings. A tennis court was located southeast of the house, but was out of use by 1960s and became a parking area for the house. Built by Carroll P. Rogers, manager of the Skyland Hosiery Mill in East Flat Rock, the house was the only year-round residence on the lake in the 1910s. Rogers married Susan Erskine of Tryon in 1911, and the couple resided here until 1927, when they began construction of a new residence in Tryon. Rogers, who was elected to the North Carolina legislature from Henderson County in 1923, formed the Tryon Electric Company in 1910 with two partners, and he divided his time between businesses in Flat Rock and Tryon. 97 Rogers sold the house to Charles Purcell Cecil (1893-1944) and his wife Mary Randolph Pelzer Cecil, called Teeny, who used it as a summer house. In 1939, the Cecils moved into their new house, Bonnie Brae (1085 W. Blue Ridge Road), and sold this property to the Pearce family. A U.S. Navy Admiral, Cecil commanded the USS Helena and was decorated for his actions at the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands and in the Solomon Islands. In 1947, Anna Pearce sold the property to Julie Abney of Greenwood, South Carolina, who used it as a summer house. The Abneys later sold the house to Our Lady of the Hills, the summer camp that owned the former Highland Lake Inn property as well as the lake. In 1974, Francis T. Underhill and Helen Savacool Underhill, called Savey, bought the house from the camp, undertook a major remodeling and, in 1981, returned it to year-round use. Francis Underhill, former ambassador to Indonesia, died in 1999. Savey Underhill later sold the property to descendants of the Maybank family who have owned much of this point of land for generations. Boathouse Cottage, 2004 NC-B 320 Rhett Drive Built as part of the Highland Lake Inn development, the one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame dwelling is located adjacent to the lake and the inn’s boathouse. Covered with board-and-batten siding, the house features two gabled front dormers covered with wood shingles, a rear shed dormer, boxed chimney, and oneover-one double-hung sash. An engaged full-width porch overlooks the lake to the west. King-Maybank House, ca. 1920 354 Rhett Drive 97 Clay Griffith, “Lynncote” National Register of Historic Places Nomination (Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Asheville, NC, 2010). C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 286 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Nestled on a wooded site, the two-story side-gable frame Maybank House overlooks Highland Lake to the north. Resting on a stone pier foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards and features a frontgable end bay, interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and nine-over-one double-hung sash. A hip-roof screened porch is attached to the façade and displays a weatherboarded balustrade, paired square porch posts, and cut-granite foundation. Granite steps leading to the porch have stone cheek walls with cut granite copings. A one-and-a-half-story gable-roof rear ell features a shed dormer and an engaged screened porch on the east elevation. Stone steps lead from the road to front lawn, which includes a boxwood garden. This house was built for year-round use after World War I by Major General Campbell King, grandson of Judge Mitchell King of Argyle, and his wife Harriett Laurens King. During World War I, General King was the commanding officer of General George C. Marshall, later becoming Army Chief of Staff and Secretary of State. In 1932-1933, when he retired from his last command, the Kings sold this property to Burnet Maybank and moved to Dunroy (249 Dunroy Drive). Burnet Rhett Maybank (1899-1954) was a descendant of Henrietta Aiken Rhett, who, until 1910, had owned the lake, Rhett Mill, and a large adjoining acreage. Maybank became mayor of Charleston in 1931, governor of South Carolina in 1938, and U.S. Senator in 1941. He was first married, in 1923, to Elizabeth deRosset Myers, and the Maybanks used this as their summer house. The property was later divided among their children and remains in family ownership. A Garage, ca. 1920 C-B One-story front-gable frame garage is covered with weatherboards and has exposed rafter tails, sixover-six double-hung sash, and a single garage bay entered through double-leaf wood doors. A storeroom to the side of the garage bay does not extend the full depth of the garage, resulting in a split rear elevation. A single-leaf entry door and six-over-six window are located on the rear wall of the storeroom. B Storage House, ca. 1920 C-B Resting on a concrete foundation, the one-story storage building has a front-gable roof, exposed rafter tails, weatherboard siding, and single-leaf entry doors on two sides. It is located to the southeast of the main house. House, 1953, ca. 2000 NC-B 365 Rhett Drive This side-gable frame house, which appears to have been rehabilitated in the early 2000s, consists of adjoining one- and two-story blocks covered with vertical wood sheathing. Each section has a single-leaf entry door, and a front-gable canopy on diagonal brackets shelters the entrance to the two-story section. Windows are replacement one-over-one sash, with two, tall, single-pane windows located on the end NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 287 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC elevation of the one-story block. The house was originally part of the property associated with 301 Rhett Drive. Following the death of Francis Underhill in 1999, it was sold by his widow. It is owned by descendants of the Maybank family. House, 2011 NC-B 417 Rhett Drive One-story side-gable frame house is covered with German siding and features an engaged porch, enclosed front porch bay, boxed chimney, and modern one-over-one and single-pane windows. A decorative front-gable entry porch projects from the main porch roof and displays wood shingles in the gable end. A Garage, ca. 1950 C-B One-story clipped-gable frame garage predates the house and stands to the northeast. The structure is covered with German siding and has an open shed extension on the east elevation. The façade contains a two-car garage bay entered through a glazed-and-paneled overhead door, six-over-six window, and a single-leaf six-panel door. The building, which rests on a stone foundation, has an interior brick chimney, replacement single-pane windows on the rear elevation, and an attached wood deck. Guerard House, 1985 NC-B 439 Rhett Drive One-story side-gable contemporary log house faces Highland Lake to the southwest. The house, which is capped by a metal roof, features a massive exterior fieldstone chimney, stone foundation, engaged full-width screened porch, and one-over-one windows. It was built by descendants of Maybank family, who has owned much of this point of land for generations. A Guest House, 421 Rhett Drive, 1992 NC-B One-story side-gable frame house has an attached shed-roof screened porch. It is covered with T-111 siding and has a wood lattice foundation skirt. Lakehouse Lodge, 2006 NC-B 447 Rhett Drive Built as part of the Highland Lake Inn complex under separate ownership, the large, rambling frame lodge is located on the eastern side of Highland Lake and is accessed from Lily Pad Lane. The two-story NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 288 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC building sits on a full basement exposed at the rear and is organized around a central front-gable block with side-gable wings extending to the north and southeast. It is clad with stone veneer, board-and-batten, stucco, and wood shingle siding and features large plate-glass windows, exterior corridors, and two-tiered porches on the west elevations overlooking the lake. RIDGEBOURNE WAY See Claremont subdivision (Boundary Decrease) RIVOLI BOULEVARD See Beaumont Estates subdivision ROBERT E. LEE DRIVE Named for Gen. Robert E. Lee's great-nephew, who lived up the hill at Enchantment (114 Lee Estate Drive), this street was platted in 1959. It was the main entrance road for Twin Lakes subdivision, which was developed by Eugene Brown on the former grounds of Enchantment. House, 1948 C-B 1 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story vinyl-clad house with side-gable roof, open frame porch, and porte-cochere. House, 1960 C-B 5 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with single-light and two-over-two, double-hung windows, sidegable roof, and attached garage. House, 1956 C-B 6 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with hip roof, open porch, and single-car garage along front NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 289 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC elevation. House, 1963 C-B 19 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with eight-over-eight double-hung windows, side-gable roof, openframe porch, and porte-cochere. House, 2013 NC-B 20 Robert E. Lee Drive Tall, one-story Neo-traditional frame house with a triple-A roof is covered with hardieplank siding and has two front-gable bays, an attached shed-roof porch on tapered wood posts, and an side-gable garage wing. House, 1955 C-B 25 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story side-gable brick-veneer Ranch house with two-over-two double-hung sash and an engaged carport. House, 1962 C-B 29 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story front-gable brick Ranch house has an interior brick chimney, front patio, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. A three-bay flat-roof carport extends to the southwest. It is supported on brick posts with a solid brick balustrade across the front elevation. House, 1963 32 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story side-gable brick-veneer Ranch house has sliding windows and an engaged carport. C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 290 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1960 C-B 33 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story side-gable frame Ranch house on a partially exposed basement is covered with log siding and rests on a brick foundation. The house has vertical wood siding in the gable ends, open eaves, and doublehung sash windows. House, 1968 NC-B 36 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with side-gable roof, open-frame porch and single-car garage along front elevation. House, 1974 NC-B 40 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story Ranch house with wood siding, side-gable roof, and open-frame porch. House, ca. 1960, 1994 NC-B 42 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story, side-gabled Minimal Traditional frame dwelling with a projecting front-gable bay, aluminum siding, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. An uncovered front porch with a metal balustrade accesses the single-leaf six-panel wood entry door. The house rests on a brick foundation. An attached shedroof screened porch at the rear sits on a brick pier foundation with concrete block infill. A Corn Crib, ca. 1890 C-S Originally associated with the neighboring Enchantment (114 Lee Estate Drive), the front-gable single-pen corn crib is now located on the lot of the adjacent house. The structure is covered with horizontal wood slats and features a metal roof, exposed rafter tails, and a single-leaf wood door. House, 1974 47 Robert E. Lee Drive NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 291 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story frame house with wood siding and side-gable roof. House, 1989 NC-B 48 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story masonry and frame house with side-gable roof, and attached two-car garage. House, 1973 NC-B 55 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story masonry and frame house with side-gable roof and open-frame porch. House, 1961 C-B 56 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story Ranch house with brick-veneer and wood siding, side-gable roof and attached single-car garage. House, 1971 NC-B 59 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story Ranch house with brick-veneer siding and side-gable roof. House, 1959 C-B 63 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story frame house with multiple exterior materials has an open-frame porch and an attached singlecar garage. House, 1964 C-B 64 Robert E. Lee Drive Two-story frame house with brick-veneer and wood siding has a side-gable roof and an attached two-car NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 292 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC garage along the front elevation. House, 1963 C-B 75 Robert E. Lee Drive One-story side-gable brick Ranch house has a full basement, wetherboards in the gable ends, and metalframe sliding windows. A shingle-leaf entry door to the basement is sheltered by an attached aluminum awning. The basement windows are metal-frame louvered sash. ROBERTS LANE Dead end road accessed from Sherwood Drive South on land subdivided from the Sherwood estate (see 365 Sherwood Drive S). Of the five lots on this road only one has been developed. House, 2007 NC-B 36 Roberts Lane Imposing Neo-colonial brick house presents a five-bay façade, side-gable roof, decorative front gable, exterior end chimneys, and nine-over-nine double-hung windows. The one-story pedimented entry porch is supported by paired Ionic columns. A two-story gable-roof ell extends to the rear of the house with a onestory hip-roof wing on the west elevation and a two-tiered porch to the east. A Garage, 2007 NC-B One-story, two-bay garage constructed of brick and capped by a side-gable roof with a decorative cupola. RUE DE CHOISEUL Servants’ House, 1840, ca. 1950, ca. 2000 C-B 128 Rue de Choiseul Historically part of the Saluda Cottages property (1895 Little River Road), the one-story hip-roof frame dwelling was built for servants at Count de Choiseul’s estate. The house appears to have been substantially altered, first in the mid-twentieth century, when it was remodeled with a concrete block foundation with two garage bays located in the basement. The garage bays are entered through glazed-and-paneled overhead NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 293 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC doors. A shed-roof extension carrying across the full width of the rear elevation was likely added at the same time. The house appears to have been renovated again with the addition of vertical wood sheathing, replacement one-over-one windows, and sliding-glass doors on the façade. An attached partial-width hiproof porch is supported on square wood posts with a two-bar wood balustrade. RUTLEDGE DRIVE Pioneer settler Abraham Kuykendall received a land grant from the state for his service during the Revolutionary War, and amassed additional acreage until he owned over 1,000 acres in the Flat Rock area, roughly all the land between today's Greenville Highway across to the bottomlands along Mud Creek. Rutledge Drive between Greenville Highway to Erkwood Road was part of an early nineteenth-century drover’s road that passed through Kuykendall’s land, including the first log building of Mud Creek Baptist Church (see 403 Rutledge Drive), Kuykendall’s log tavern, a grist mill, and a still. Mud Creek Cemetery C-Site 403 Rutledge Drive Located at the intersection of Rutledge Drive and Erkwood Road, the cemetery is associated with Mud Creek Baptist Church, which occupies the northeast quadrant of the intersection. The cemetery encompasses an approximately 2.5-acre triangle-shaped parcel on the south side of Erkwood Road, in the southwest quadrant of the intersection. The original log church building stood near the center of the cemetery tract on land given in 1804 by pioneer settler Abraham Kuykendall. The cemetery contains a large number of nineteenth- and twentieth-century graves of many Flat Rock families, and most of the graves are marked by modest, carved headstones with minimal embellishment. A few small granite obelisks serve as grave markers. One of the most ornate markers denotes the burial site of Abraham Kuykendall (1719-1812), though it was likely added sometime later. A Mud Creek Cemetery Road, ca. 1820 C-Site This remnant of one of the earliest and most significant roads in Flat Rock remained as a shaded gravel public road until 1999, when Mud Creek Cemetery Road was officially closed by the Village of Flat Rock. The path of the unpaved road—the only section of the Old State Road (1819-1820) to remain unpaved in its original location—passes along the southwest side of the cemetery. The Old State Road, later part of the Buncombe Turnpike, linked Charleston to the mountains and beyond. Rutledge Drive, southeast toward St. John in the Wilderness Church (1851 Greenville Highway) is a paved portion of the Old State Road. Construction of the entrance to the new Dunroy-on-Rutledge subdivision in the early 2000s destroyed the portion of the road to the south. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 294 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC King House, 1939, 1960s C-B 430 Rutledge Drive Dr. Duncan Ingraham Campbell King (1909-1987), son of Maj. Gen. Campbell King of Dunroy (249 Dunroy Drive), built the two-story side-gable Colonial Revival-style frame house in 1939. The house features interior and exterior brick chimneys, a multi-light curving bay window on the façade, replacement one-over-one sash windows, vinyl siding, and an attached full-height porch on paneled posts. The single-leaf entrance, which is positioned slightly off-center and flanking the central bay window, is framed by a molded surround with sidelights. A one-story flat-roof wing on the southeast elevation contains a screened porch. A large gable-roof addition at the rear of the house (it may enclose a swimming pool) was built in the 1960s, with a front-gable garage wing extending to the southeast. A Garage, ca. 1960 C-B A detached one-story front-gable garage is located to the south of the house. Latourette House, 1990 NC-B 436 Rutledge Drive One-and-a-half-story brick-veneer residence has an L-shaped plan and prominent front-gable wing. A flat-roof, glazed entrance porch is located on the east side of the front wing. The house features a polygonal bay window, interior brick chimney, attached porte cochere, rear pation, and paired single-light casement windows. At the entrance are stone gateposts with iron gates and wooden fencing that open onto a curving drive with stone curb and gutter. A Garage, 1990 NC-B One-and-a-half-story two-bay side-gable garage is constructed with brick veneer, weatherboards in the gable ends, and a slightly flared eave. B Carport, 1990 NC-B Located to the west of the house, a one-story front-gable frame carport stands at the edge of the property adjoining Kalimar Heights. The structure is supported on square wood posts with latticework framing the front opening and on the side elevations. An enclosed storage room is located at the north end of the carport and is covered with weatherboards, as are the gable ends. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 295 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Mountain Lodge, ca. 1827, ca. 1920, ca. 1936 [Photo 2] C-B 486 Rutledge Drive Situated on an elevated site on the lower slopes of Trenholm Mountain, Mountain Lodge is an imposing two-and-a-half-story hip-roof frame house built around 1827 by Charles and Susan Baring of Charleston. The house is five-bays wide with a central entrance, high hip roof, interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, and a prominent two-story wraparound porch supported by paired Corinthian columns on cut granite bases. Resting on a granite foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards and capped by an asbestosshingle roof. Hip-roof dormers are located on the front and rear elevations and contain three pairs of multilight casements; gabled dormers are located on the side elevations. The windows are typically nine-over-nine double-hung sash on the first story and six-over-six sash on the second story. A one-story shed-roof conservatory is attached on the northeast elevation. It displays French doors at the entrance with a transom and three-part casement windows and transoms over paneled lower walls. Oriented to the southeast, the porch carries across the façade and wraps around the northeast side. It shelters double-leaf multi-light entry doors framed with a Neoclassical surround that exhibits fluted pilasters, entablature, and a dentil cornice. The windows have molded frames, and the central second-story window is composed of four-over-four double-hung sash flanking a six-over-six window at the center. The porch floor consists of brick pavers surrounded by granite slabs. The rear (northwest) elevation is dominated by a two-story one-bay porte cochere supported by Corinthian columns on granite bases similar to those on the front porch. The porte cochere bay has brick pavers set within granite edging and granite steps to the entrance. The single-leaf six-panel door is framed by leaded-glass sidelights over wood panels and surmounted by a dentil cornice and leaded-glass transom. The entrance bay is set within an elaborate surround composed of fluted pilasters, engaged Corinthian columns, raised panels, and scroll brackets supporting a projecting cornice shelf. Above the cornice, at the second story, a single-leaf fifteen-light door is framed by five-light double-hung sidelights, a fluted surround with bull’s eye corner blocks, and raised panel walls. A two-story hip-roof wing projects to the southwest from the main block. The four-bay wing is similarly finished with weatherboard siding and six-over-six double-hung sash. It abuts a one-and-a-half-story hip-roof wing that is set perpendicular and extends to the northwest. The end wing is two bays wide on the front (southeast) elevation and features gabled through-the-eave dormers. The two wings form an L shape, with the northwest end of the perpendicular wing containing the servants’ quarters. Mountain Lodge has been vacant for many years and the site has become overgrown. The shaded entrance gate on Rutledge Drive opens onto an unpaved drive leading to the house. An avenue of pine and hemlock trees lines the drive, which is edged with granite curbing. A large meadow lies to the east and northeast of the house, with an open vista extending out to the northeast from the wraparound porch. The house is dramatically viewed on its stately perch from the intersection of Rutledge Drive and Trenholm NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 296 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Road. Remnants of formal gardens and sections of stone walls are found at the front and rear of the house. Charles Baring (d. 1865) of the Baring Brothers banking firm married the wealthy South Carolina widow, Susan Cole Heyward (1764-1846), following the death of her husband, planter James Heyward, in 1796. Susan Heyward inherited a lifetime interest in her deceased husband’s extensive land holdings and rice plantations, and the newlywed Barings enjoyed the lavish lifestyle afforded to them by her inheritance to the dismay of the Heyward family. Seeking more hospitable environs, the Barings settled on pleasant climate of Flat Rock, purchased 300 acres in 1827, and began construction of a summer retreat, which they called Mountain Lodge. They developed the estate following English precedents with a stately manor house, formal gardens, a deer park, and a private chapel and parsonage. Mountain Lodge was the first summer estate established in the Flat Rock area by a Charleston planter family, with others soon to follow the Barings’ example. The pursuit of a healthful summer retreat from the South Carolina low country soon drew other wealthy families to the region. Baring acquired more than 3,000 acres in Flat Rock, which he sold to his friends and acquaintances. When Susan Baring died in 1845, the South Carolina portion of her estate reverted to the Heyward family, but Charles Baring was able to keep the Flat Rock properties. In 1849, Baring indentured the property to pay off a debt to Baring Brothers, and four years later, in 1853, the property was sold to Edward L. Trenholm. Born in Charleston, Edward Trenholm (1814-1883) married Eliza Holmes in 1836, and he owned a cotton shipping firm based in Liverpool, England, which ran the largest fleet of blockade runners during the Civil War. The Trenholm family spent their summers at Mountain Lodge for almost sixty years before selling the estate (then 82.5 acres) to George J. Baldwin (1856-1927) and Lucy Hull Baldwin (1857-1923) of Savannah in 1911. George Baldwin was involved in shipbuilding, electric, street railway, and public utility companies in addition to other business and philanthropic interests. The Baldwins owned the property as a summer place for nearly twenty-five years, built several outbuildings, and added land to the estate. Shortly after purchasing Mountain Lodge, Baldwin built a gardener's cottage, garage, arbor, and several farm buildings, and during winter visits, Baldwin stayed in the upper floor rooms of the cottage. A tennis court was built to the north of the house. A small frame playhouse (no longer standing) was built in 1920 for the Baldwins’ grandchildren. While the Baldwins owned Mountain Lodge, meals were cooked in the kitchen building across the driveway and brought to the pantry from the covered walkway. The delay in modernization was common among summer houses in Flat Rock. Both Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin died in the 1920s, but their children kept the property until 1935, when the 197-acre estate was sold to Edward H. and Margaret Stuart Jones of Gaines County, Texas. The Jones’ made significant changes to the house, hiring Hendersonville architect Erle Stillwell to design a new two-story Neoclassical porch overlooking the garden, porte cochere at the entrance, sunroom, and the large kitchen NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 297 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC wing. 98 They also surrounded the grounds with a fence, unusual in Flat Rock, to the surprise and displeasure of the community. In 1958 M. O. and Grace Galloway purchased the estate. Galloway had sold a cattle farm near Asheville to CP&L and used the proceeds to become a land speculator. He bought Mountain Lodge for its timber, renamed it Heaven Trees, and was prepared to demolish the house and timber the front avenue. The Galloways subdivided the acreage and in 1959, after only six months, sold a 25-acre tract including the main house to Newton Duke Angier and his wife, Jane Angier. The Angiers, who returned the original estate name and improved the grounds, lived at Mountain Lodge year-round and raised their family there. In 1972, the Angiers sold the 25-acre property to Albert M. Moreno (1914-2000) and wife Sarah Little “Pepper” Moreno. Born in Savannah, Albert Moreno invented anchoring systems for manufactured houses and came to the Hendersonville area in 1970 looking for a plant site, which is based in East Flat Rock. William M. Gregg bought Mountain Lodge in 1995. A Billiard House, ca. 1827, ca. 1936 C-B On the front side of the house, to the southwest, is a frame building in the shape of an elongated octagon, which was built as a billiard house and later used as an office by the Baldwins. Overgrown and closely surrounded by thick vegetation, the building rests on a granite foundation and has a woodshingled hip roof. It displays weatherboard siding, nine-over-nine double-hung sash, and a twentiethcentury replacement six-panel door with a granite step. An exterior brick chimney with stepped shoulders and a corbelled cap rises against the southwest elevation. B Dairy, ca. 1827 C-B Behind the house to the northwest is a granite dairy with wood-shingled pyramidal roof. A single-leaf entry door is located on the northwest elevation of the dairy and is composed of vertical boards with three screened openings. Small window openings are secured with vertical wood pickets. The interior floor is paved with flagstones. Cooling bases line the southeast wall, and storage shelves are located on the northeast wall. Spring water was piped into the dairy, entering on the upper level of graduated open stone trays, cooling each level as it spilled downward. C Well, ca. 1827, 1920s C-S Located to the northwest of the servants’ wing, the granite well is capped with a millstone. It is surrounded by the deteriorated remnants of a granite wall, wood pergola, and stone paving, which are likely twentieth century additions. D Moreno House, 1990 NC-B The one-and-a-half-story contemporary frame house has a side-gable roof with flared eaves, 98 Mitchell, 31. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 298 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC weatherboard siding, and an attached flat-roof single-bay garage wing. An uncovered brick stoop carries across the three-bay façade and accesses the single-leaf central entry, which is framed by sidelights and topped by a blind fanlight. The first-story windows are twelve-over-twelve double-hung sash, with eightover-eight sash in the south gable end. All window openings have round-arch lintels. The north gable end contains large triangular plate-glass windows flanking the stack of an exterior brick chimney. Built by one of Mountain Lodge’s recent owners, Albert and Sarah Moreno of Savannah, the small house is located in a meadow to the west of the estate entrance on Rutledge Drive. The house was first used as a winter residence, and then later as a year-round home. E Gateposts, 1936 C-O The entrance gate on Rutledge Drive is supported by stone posts, each a single, square pillar of solid granite. House, ca. 1929, ca. 1999 NC-B 596 Rutledge Drive One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house has been significantly altered with vinyl siding and replacement tall, single-pane and six-over-six double-hung windows. Resting on a brick foundation, the house features an exterior brick chimney, attached flat-roof modern entry porch, façade picture window, rear shed dormer, one-story gable-roof rear ell, and an attached shed-roof rear porch. Both the front and rear porches are supported on Tuscan columns and pilasters. House, 1988 NC-B 600 Rutledge Drive One-story contemporary frame house with a side-gable roof displays vertical wood sheathing, attached garage wing, paired single-pane windows, and an interior stone chimney. A raised roof section extends forward to engage an entry porch supported on large stone piers. Edney-Nelson House, ca. 1910, ca. 1970, ca. 2000 NC-B 620 Rutledge Drive One-story side-gable frame dwelling with front- and side-gable wings rests on a brick pier foundation and has an interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap. The side-gable wing appears to be a later addition, with a brick foundation and interior chimney. An attached shed-roof porch is screened. A gable-roof bay NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 299 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC projects on the west elevation of the front-gable wing and contains a single-leaf side entrance. The threelight-over-two-panel entry door is sheltered by an attached front-gable canopy supported on triangular brackets. The house was substantially rehabilitated around 2000 with the installation of Hardieplank siding, stuccoed foundation infill, metal roof, replacement one-over-one windows, and a large, attached wood deck on the rear elevation. J. Fonsie Edney built the house around 1910, but sold it in the 1920s to Valentine S. Nelson (1855-1932), a retired U.S. Navy Commodore. Born in Tennessee, Nelson joined the Navy as a young man and after more than nineteen years of sea service earned the rank of commodore. After the death of his wife, Katharine Marchand (1857-1919), who he married in 1890, Nelson lived for a time with her brother in Annapolis, Maryland. By 1930, however, he had purchased the house in Flat Rock, where he lived with a cook. The house, which is known locally as Commodore’s Cottage, has continued to be owned by Nelson’s descendants. A Garage, 2009 NC-B One-story two-bay front-gable frame garage has a projecting front-gable bay that contains one of the garage bays. The building exhibits Hardieplank siding, a metal roof, two single-leaf side entrances, and square single-pane windows. House, ca. 1960 C-B 644 Rutledge Drive Two-story side-gable frame house features a full-height portico carried on square wood posts, wide weatherboards, an exterior brick chimney, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. The portico shelters a double-leaf entry with a blind bay, six-panel door, dentil cornice, and a broken pediment. A one-story shed-roof extension carries across the rear elevation with a one-story gableroof ell projecting to the rear. A Barn, ca. 1960 C-B Two-story frame barn with a front-gambrel roof is located at the south corner of the property. The center-passage barn is covered with plywood sheathing on the first story and horizontal wood siding on the second story. Shed-roof extensions—one open and one enclosed—are located on either side of the structure. A cantilevered balcony above the center passage is accessed through a single-leaf door composed of three vertical lights over three horizontal panels. Two-light sliding windows flank the second-story door, and a six-over-six double-hung sash is positioned in the enclosed side wing. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 300 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Ellen Allston House, 1893 C-B 646 Rutledge Drive One-story hip-roof frame dwelling is capped by a metal-clad roof and covered with weatherboards. It sits on a stone pier foundation with stucco infill. An attached hip-roof porch wrapping around the north and east sides of the house is carried on chamfered posts with delicate sawn brackets. The main porch elevation faces east and is marked by a projecting front-gable entrance bay and wood steps. The house has multi-light jib doors, two-over-two double-hung sash, and narrow two-light paired casements. The house exhibits two interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, shed-roof side bay on the west elevation, and two rear ells. The smaller gable-roof ell, which located to the east, is one bay deep and has a louvered vent in the gable end. The larger ell, which was likely a kitchen wing originally, has a hip roof, brick flue at its south end, and an attached hip-roof screened porch extending along the east side. A one-bay hip-roof wing extends from the rear of the ell and appears to be a storage room, with a single-leaf six-panel door. 99 A Shed, ca. 1940 C-B Tall one-story three-bay frame outbuilding with a metal shed roof, board-and-batten siding, and single-leaf solid wood doors. Eversman House, ca. 1929 C-B 648 Rutledge Drive One-story side-gable Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling rests on stone foundation and is covered with wood shingles. The house features an interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and four-over-one doublehung sash windows. The single-leaf entry door is sheltered by a front-gable canopy supported on triangular brackets. A polygonal bay on the façade is sheltered by a shallow hip roof and contains an eight-over-eight window flanked by narrow four-over-four sash. An attached shed-roof wing on the northwest elevation has a secondary entrance. A gable-roof wing projecting to the southeast may be a later addition. John D. and Ellen Allston Eversman occupied the house in the second half of the twentieth century. John Dillon Eversman (1904-1987) worked as a musician with the local orchestra and as music instructor. During the 1940s he taught at the Asheville School. In 1927 he married Ellen Beatrice Allston (1901-1988), who was born in Tryon but spent most of her life in Henderson County. She attended the Fassifern School in Hendersonville and Converse College in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The Eversmans resided here until their deaths in the late 1980s. The house is currently owned by the Maybank family, who also own 99 The house is known locally as the Ellen Allston Cottage (Reuther, 31), although the origin of that association is unclear. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 301 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC neighboring Stonybrook (650 Rutledge Drive). 100 A Shed, ca. 1929 C-B One-story shed-roof frame outbuilding is clad with wood sheathing covered in tar paper. The main elevation is punctuated by two horizontal openings containing an open grid of horizontal slats and vertical members. Stonybrook, 1939 C-B 650 Rutledge Drive One-and-a-half-story Colonial Revival-style residence presents a symmetrical façade with a side-gable roof and two front-gable wings extending forward to frame a flat-roof screened porch. Exterior brick chimneys rise against the two front gable ends. A central shed dormer contains French doors flanked by replacement nine-over-nine windows. The porch, which is carried on fluted square posts, has a roof balustrade with diagonal geometric patterns. The house is covered with weatherboards and the windows are typically six-over-six sash. Two rear wings have cross-gable roofs and are symmetrical, wrapping around the rear corners of the house. A side-gable wing projecting to the south contains a screened porch. Stonybrook was built for the Maybank family after they sold their house at 1050 North Highland Lake Drive. A long, winding gravel driveway approaches the house from Rutledge Drive and terminates with a circular loop just south of the house. The drive is partially lined with boxwoods and there is a boxwood labyrinth to the rear of the house. The interior of the driveway loop is formally planted with boxwoods and flowering shrubs. A non-historic tennis court is located to the southwest of the house, which overlooks a grass lawn to the northeast. The rear of the property, which extends through to Trenholm Road is largely cow pasture. A Garage, ca. 1939 C-B One-story two-bay frame garage features a front-gable metal roof, board-and-batten siding, exposed rafter tails, and double-leaf arched garage doors. B Servants’ House, ca. 1939 C-B The one-story gable-roof servants’ house, which is located immediately south of the garage, is now used as a guest house. The frame dwelling has a metal roof, board-and-batten siding, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The house is composed of two sections, including a block that is one-room 100 Ellen Allston Eversman obituary, Hendersonville Times-News (November 5, 1988). Genealogical information obtained from Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com; accessed October 2014). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 302 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC deep with a shed-roof extension and a taller block two-bays deep that contains a screened porch. C Outbuilding, ca. 1939 C-B One-story frame outbuilding rests on a stone pier foundation and is covered with wood shingles. It has a wood shake roof, exposed rafter tails, single-leaf solid wood door, and a two-light sliding window to the side of the entrance. D Swimming Pool, ca. 1980 NC-S A circular in-ground swimming pool is located to the southeast of the house, across the driveway loop and front lawn. E Gazebo, ca. 1980 NC-S One-story octagonal gazebo stands to the side of the swimming pool and consists of pole log support posts and a wood shake roof. A simple single-leaf wood door provides access to the interior and the sides are covered with wood lattice. SCENIC DRIVE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) except for the Tomb of Roger Richardson Hill at 99 Scenic Drive, which is included in the Boundary Increase. SHERWOOD DRIVE This drive, which connects to Greenville Highway, serves as the main entrance to Hopewood and the Sherwood subdivision, which is located on the south side of the driveway, and a small residential subdivision around the original estate. House, 2014 NC-B 205 Sherwood Drive Begun in 2008, this imposing one-and-a-half-story brick-veneer dwelling remains under construction on part of the Sherwood estate (see 365 Sherwood Drive) that is being developed as a residential subdivision. The French-influenced hip-roof residence features a central entrance pavilion with a mansard roof and frontgable end bays. The bold entrance bay consists of a single-leaf door within a segmental-arch frame and surmounted by segmental-arch wall gable. Two gabled front dormers flank the entrance pavilion on the façade. A one-story polygonal bay on the east elevation has a crenellated parapet. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 303 Hopewood, 1938, ca. 2010 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 365 Sherwood Drive Built for Reuben B. and Hope Thomson Robertson in 1938, the design of Hopewood is attributed to New York architect Francis Day Rogers (1912-1983). 101 Oriented to the northeast, the two-story, brick, Frenchinfluenced residence has a U-shaped plan with shallow rear wings framing a courtyard and formal garden at the rear (southwest). The five-bay façade is dominated by a two-tiered semi-circular portico and an inset second-story porch. The portico is supported by fluted columns on the first story and metal posts on the second story. It shelters a central double-leaf entry that is topped by a transom, and it is flanked by single nine-over-nine double-hung windows. The northwest end bay of the façade has a single nine-over-nine window on the second story with a decorative metal balcony. The southeast end of the façade contains a polygonal bay window on the first story and a set of four windows on the second story—two four-over-four sash flanking a pair of six-over-six windows—with a decorative metal balcony. The house features a metal hip roof, three interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, a two-story side wing at the southeast corner, and nine-over-nine double-hung sash windows. An attached hip-roof entry porch on the northwest elevation is attached to a cloth awning porte cochere and shelters an arched single-leaf entry. At the rear of the house, a one-story arcade extends between the two rear wings with a flat-roof balcony accessible on the second story. The first-story openings contain French doors surmounted by round-arch fanlights. The rear of the house opens onto a formal garden surrounded by stone walls and overlooks an open meadow to the southwest. The landscape includes features dating to the late nineteenth century when Joseph Cox selected this location for a summer house in 1878. Cox planned and planted the approach drive. He transferred the property to Edward Jervey, who, in turn, sold it Leonard Phinizy in 1895. The property then passed to Julian and Belle Mitchell in 1918. The Mitchells sold the property to Reuben and Hope Robertson in 1937, and the Robertsons replaced the Phinizy house with the current structure. Reuben Robertson (1879-1972) worked as a forester for the Champion Coated Paper Company in Hamilton, Ohio, and married the youngest daughter of the company’s president, Peter G. Thomson, in 1905. The Robertsons came to Canton, North Carolina, in 1906, to help organize the Champion Fibre Company, which provided wood pulp to the paper mill in Ohio. The plant opened in 1908, and quickly grew into one of 101 The design attribution to “the prominent architect, Day Rogers” is made by Kenneth and Blanche Marsh in Historic Flat Rock (1961), 82. At the time the house was designed, Francis Day Rogers worked as a draftsman for his father’s architectural firm and would not complete his architecture training until 1941. Rogers’ father, James Gamble Rogers, was a prominent architect at this time and well-known to the family, having designed the 1902 home of Hope Robertson’s parents in Cincinnati known as Laurel Court. The architectural papers of James Gamble Rogers are housed at the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University in New York, and a search of those records identified only one building, a church in Chapel Hill, designed by the elder Rogers in North Carolina. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 304 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC western North Carolina’s leading industries. In 1946, Robertson became president of the Champion Paper and Fibre Company and later chairman of the board. The Robertsons sold Hopewood to Warren and Frederica Smith in 1955, who sold the estate two years later to Frank and Ruth Sherrill of Charlotte, North Carolina. The Sherrills, who renamed the estate Sherwood, owned Select Foods, and Frank Sherrill had co-founded the popular S&W Cafeteria chain in the 1920s. The Sherrill family owned several properties in Flat Rock, including Tall Trees (3111 Greenville Highway) and Mountain Lodge (430 Rutledge Drive). Frank Sherrill eventually sold the property to Margaret Whitehead, publisher of New Woman magazine, in 1981. Victoria and Dennis Flanagan purchased the house in 2009, and began an extensive rehabilitation of the buildings and grounds. The Flanagans reestablished the original estate name, Hopewood. A Gateposts, ca. 1938 C-O Stone gateposts stand at the entrance to Sherwood Drive on Greenville Highway and mark the beginning of the tree-lined drive to the house and associated residential development. B Garage, 1938 C-B Associated with the main house at Hopewood, this one-story two-bay frame garage with a small side wing features a stone foundation, board-and-batten siding, and double-leaf wood garage doors. The side wing contains a storage room that is entered through double-leaf two-panel doors. The storage room has a lattice window opening, weatherboards in the gable end, and a decorative scalloped frieze board. C Pavilion, 1938 C-S This semi-circular stone structure with a half-hexagonal wood shingled roof and a flagstone floor is located to the rear of the house and overlooks the meadow to the southwest. D Well House, 1938 C-B The well house is a hexagonal structure of cut granite that is capped by a wood shingled roof. Overgrown with ivy, the building displays an arched doorway and a single four-over-four double-hung window. E Farm Shed, 1938 C-B One-story frame shed features a projecting front-gable roof that is supported on square wood posts. The enclosed room is covered with board-and-batten siding and is entered through double-leaf wood doors. The metal-clad roof has exposed rafters and the gable end is covered with vertical plank siding. F Caretaker’s House, 363 Sherwood Drive, 1948, ca. 2010 C-B The one-story side-gable frame dwelling with a front-gable wing is capped by a new metal roof and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 305 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC covered with weatherboards. The cut granite pier foundation has been infilled with irregularly-course stone. The house has replacement one-over-one sash and an inset front porch with a façade picture window. A cross-gable wing at the rear (southeast) displays an exterior brick chimney and a secondary single-leaf entrance. G Garage, ca. 1948 C-B Associated with the caretaker’s house, this two-car garage has a side gable roof, wide weatherboard siding, a stone foundation and corner posts, and aluminum-frame awning-style windows. H Guest House, 367 Sherwood Drive, 1941, ca. 2010 C-B Resting on a stone foundation, the one-story side-gable frame house is covered with board-and-batten siding and has a small hip-roof wing on the northwest side elevation. A polygonal bay projects from the end of the wing. A stone retaining wall on the southeast side joins the foundation of the house, where sliding-glass doors access the basement. The house features interior and exterior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, scalloped frieze boards, and replacement one-over-one windows. An attached shed-roof entry porch is supported on square wood posts and shelters a replacement single-leaf entry door. I Carport, ca. 1990 NC-S Associated with the guest house, this side-gable carport is set against a stone retaining wall along the northwest side of the driveway and has a solid stone wall at its rear. The carport has stone piers and a decorative frieze board. SHIPMAN PARKWAY See Berwick Downs subdivision (Boundary Decrease) SILENT RISE LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) SMYTHE STREET Part of the Hillandale Subdivision Section 2, which was platted on land belonging to Joseph Kolendo in 1958. House, 1964 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 306 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 400 Smythe Street One-story brick-veneer Ranch house has a metal side-gable roof, attached front-gable porch, interior brick chimney, replacement one-over-one double-hung sash, and a polygonal bay window on the façade. The porch consists of a concrete slab floor on a brick foundation, three round columns, and vertical wood sheathing in the gable end. The recessed entrance bay contains a single-leaf door flanked by a sidelight. A single-bay garage is located in the basement of the house and is accessed from the north side elevation. House, 1959 C-B 401 Smythe Street One-story side-gable Ranch house exhibits brick veneer, an interior brick chimney, decorative front gable, replacement one-over-one double-hung sash, and an inset entry porch with thin metal posts and railings. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door and curved, multi-light bay window. A single-bay garage on the façade is located beneath the north portion of the decorative front gable, and both the garage and gable end are clad with vinyl siding. The garage is entered through a glazed-and-paneled overhead door. An attached gable-roof screen porch extends to the rear of the house. House, 1959 C-B 402 Smythe Street One-story brick-veneer Ranch house with a gable-on-hip roof has an interior brick chimney, replacement one-over-one double-hung sash windows, engaged single-bay carport, and an inset porch with thin metal posts and railings. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry door and plate-glass façade picture window. An enclosed utility room is located at the rear of the carport. A gable-roof rear wing has an enclosed porch on the south side and an attached deck to the west. House, 1981 NC-B 404 Smythe Street One-story modular frame Ranch house is clad with vinyl siding and capped with a side-gable roof. The house displays an attached front-gable entry porch, single-leaf entry door, one-over-one sash, façade picture window, and an engaged single-bay garage. An attached wood deck wraps around the south and west elevations. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 307 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC STEPPING STONE LANE See Highland Lake Village subdivision. STONEBRIDGE DRIVE House, 1934 C-B 101 Stonebridge Drive Occupying a wooded hilltop site, this one-story L-shaped frame dwelling is covered with weatherboards and rendered in the Colonial Revival style. Resting on a brick foundation, the house is accessed by a short, paved driveway that terminates in a circular loop in the interior angle of the “L.” The house has a side-gable roof, large interior brick chimneys with corbelled caps, gabled dormers, and six-over-six and eight-overeight double-hung sash windows. An attached flat-roof porch shelters the single-leaf entrance, which is framed by sidelights and a tall, round-arch panel. The porch consists of tall entablature with a dentil cornice carried on fluted columns and pilasters. The gable-roof wing extending to the north has an addition projecting further to the north that includes an enclosed room clad with German siding, an open vehicular passage, and a two-bay garage covered with weatherboards. On the rear (south) elevation, which overlooks a small lake, two projecting gable-roof wings frame the central bays. The west wing is enclosed, but the east wing is an open porch partially screened with lattice panels. A Guest House, 99 Stonebridge Drive, ca. 1950 C-B A one-story side-gable frame guest house stands to the west of the main house. The dwelling rests on a concrete block foundation and is covered with board-and-batten siding. The house has four-over-one double-hung sash windows with vertical lights and a single-leaf entry door with four vertical lights. The entrance is sheltered by an attached hip-roof porch supported on paired posts with decorative brackets and lattice infill between each pair of posts. A side wing with a lower side-gable roof projects to the south. The side wing presents a nine-over-one window on the front elevation. B Pavilion, ca. 2005 NC-S Located on the edge of the lake to the south of the house, the pavilion is an open gable-roof frame structure supported on tall brick piers. Lattice siding is used at the corners, for the balustrades, and in the gable ends. Gardener’s Cottage, 2000 102 Stonebridge Drive NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 308 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Two-story gambrel-roof frame dwelling was built in 2000 as a rental cottage on the Beckon Ridge estate (see 2372 Little River Road). The structure rests on a concrete foundation and is covered with board-andbatten siding. It features a decorative pyramidal-roof cupola and one-over-one sash windows. Single-leaf entrances are located on both stories on the northeast elevation. An attached gable-roof porch at the second story is supported on wood posts and accessed by a wood stairs. The cottage sits near the edge of a small lake. 105-138 Stonebridge Drive See Stonebridge subdivision (Boundary Decrease) SULTANA DRIVE See Chanteloup Country Estates subdivision (Boundary Decrease) SUNNY VIEW LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) SYCAMORE DRIVE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds. House, 1955 C-B 2 Sycamore Drive One-story side-gable frame house sits on a concrete block foundation and is covered with paneled wood sheathing. The house has multiple roof pitches, a set back side wing, and six-over-six double-hung sash. An attached wood deck carries across the façade and wraps around to the set back wing, where it accesses a single-leaf entry door. A single-leaf entry on the southwest elevation appears to be the principal entrance. A large, shed-roof screened porch and attached wood deck are located on the rear elevation, overlooking Bonclarken Lake to the southeast. House, 1959 C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 309 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 4 Sycamore Drive One-story hip-roof Ranch house has brick veneer siding, brick façade chimney, replacement windows, and an inset porch on the rear elevation. Projecting hip-roof end wings frame the façade, including a singleleaf entry door positioned to the east of the broad chimney. The east wing contains a modern single-leaf entry door flanked by sidelights. House, 1984 NC-B 5 Sycamore Drive One-story frame dwelling with a gable-on-hip roof sits on a concrete block foundation and is covered with paneled wood sheathing. The house has an engaged screened porch on the façade, plate-glass windows in the upper gable ends, and one-over-one sash windows. York Cottage, ca. 2000 NC-B 8 Sycamore Drive Two-story side-gable building of modern log construction has an attached one-story full-width shed-roof porch, central entrance, stuccoed foundation, and six-over-six double-hung sash. House, 1960 C-B 9 Sycamore Drive One-story frame Ranch house displays a side-gable roof, German siding, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. A front-gable wing has an exterior brick chimney on its front elevation. A brick terrace with thin metal railings carries across the façade. Agape Cottage, ca. 2000 NC-B 10 Sycamore Drive Two-story side-gable building of modern log construction has an attached one-story full-width shed-roof porch, central entrance, stuccoed foundation, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. House, 1999 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 310 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 11 Sycamore Drive Narrow two-story front-gable frame house is clad with vinyl siding. It has a stuccoed foundation, sixover-six sash windows, and an attached shed-roof porch with exterior wood steps rising against the exposed porch foundation. Janeen’s Cottage, ca. 1980 NC-B 12 Sycamore Drive Long, one-story brick-veneer building with a side-gable roof contains two separate dormitory-style housing units. An attached shed-roof porch is supported on metal pipe columns and shelters the two separate entrances. The building displays vinyl siding in the gable ends and soffits, replacement six-over-six windows, and replacement single-leaf entry doors. White Oak Cottage, ca. 2005 NC-B 14 Sycamore Drive One-and-a-half-story side-gable building of modern log construction has an engaged full-width shedroof porch, rear shed dormer, French doors on the façade, and one-over-one double-hung sash windows. House, 1950 C-B 39 Sycamore Drive One-and-a-half-story Rustic Revival-style frame dwelling with a concrete block and stone veneer foundation and board-and-batten siding. The L-shaped side-gable house has a single-leaf entry door located in the interior angle of the “L,” front-gable wing, exposed rafter tails, inset screened porch, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. A gable-roof single-bay carport is attached at the rear of the house. Maintenance House, ca. 1940 C-B 44 Sycamore Drive The Craftsman-influenced brick-veneer dwelling is one story in height and features an interior brick chimney, a full basement exposed on the southeast elevation, vertical wood siding in the gable ends, and sixover-six double-hung sash windows. An attached front-gable porch is supported on square wood posts and has a simple wood balustrade. A single-bay shed-roof carport is attached on the northwest elevation and is NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 311 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC carried by square wood posts on brick piers. Balsam Cottage, ca. 1955 C-B 97 Sycamore Drive One-story gable-roof frame structure sits on a concrete block pier foundation and is covered with boardand-batten siding. The simple, camp-type building displays exposed rafter tails, inset corner porch, and sixover-six double-hung sash windows. The porch shelters a single-leaf entry composed of three lights over panels. A small gable-roof wing extends from the south end of the building. A secondary entrance appears to have been added on the north elevation and is sheltered by an attached gable-roof entry porch on slender wood posts. Bigger Lodge, ca. 1950 C-B 99 Sycamore Drive The plain two-story concrete block building with a one-story wing contains nine guest rooms, meeting room, and laundry. The building exhibits a side-gable roof, exposed rafter tails, exterior brick chimney flue, and replacement six-over-six windows. A single-leaf entry door on the east elevation of the two-story section is sheltered by a shed-roof canopy supported on triangular brackets. Double-leaf entry doors are located on the south elevation of the one-story wing and are sheltered by a gable-roof canopy. Upper Gymnasium, 1954, 1961 C-B 100 Sycamore Drive Originally built as an open-air structure, the gymnasium was enclosed in 1961, according to the designs of architect James L. Beam. The one-story brick-veneer building is punctuated by the raised, metal-clad gymnasium at the center of the structure. The flat-roof surrounding structure is enclosed with metal sheathing and double-leaf entry on the south elevation. The west side has five horizontal window bands with cast concrete sills and three pairs of replacement sliding sash. A flat-roof wing at the north end of the gym contains locker rooms. Meadowview Cottage, ca. 1930 101 Sycamore Drive C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 312 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling has a front-gable roof and German siding. An attached front-gable porch is supported on square wood posts and shelters the central single-leaf entry door. Recreation Building, 1969 NC-B 102 Sycamore Drive The one-story gable-roof metal-frame structure is clad with metal sheathing and converted to use as a multipurpose facility. It has an attached wood deck extending along the east elevation and sliding sash windows. House, 1962 C-B 103 Sycamore Drive One-story front-gable frame house on a tall concrete block foundation is clad with vinyl siding and has a screened inset porch, attached wood deck on the façade, and an attached deck on the rear that extends the full width of the house. House, 1959, ca. 2000 NC-B 104 Sycamore Drive This heavily altered one-story Minimal Traditional house has a side-gable roof, attached front-gable porch, interior brick chimney, and a large wood deck attached on the south side elevation. Clad with vinyl siding, the house has replacement one-over-one windows, replacement entry door, replacement porch elements, and a decorative window and flower box in the porch gable end. A gable-roof ell contains an enclosed porch at the rear. House, 1978 NC-B 105 Sycamore Drive One-story contemporary frame house sits on an exposed basement with stone veneer on the front elevation. The main level of the house is covered with paneled wood sheathing and has a cantilevered wood balcony on the façade, deep overhanging eaves, and decorative purlin brackets. The windows are typically two-over-two double-hung sash with horizontal muntins. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 313 House, 1956 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 107 Sycamore Drive One-story side-gable Ranch house with a brick veneer apron, vertical wood siding, an interior brick chimney, and exposed rafter tails. The house, which sits on three wooded lots, has original three-light metalframe sash windows and replacement one-over-one double-hung windows. House, 2005 NC-B 108 Sycamore Drive One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional frame house with a side-gable roof, Hardieplank siding, and two gabled front dormers has a front-gable end bay containing a single-bay garage. An engaged porch shelters a single-leaf entry door framed by sidelights and a transom, which is flanked by paired windows topped by transoms. House, 1965, ca. 1986 NC-B 112 Sycamore Drive One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house displays vertical wood siding, two gabled front dormers, and a squat brick chimney on the façade. A single-leaf entry door is located adjacent to the façade chimney, and a one-story gable-roof bay projects to the south. The windows are typically six-over-six double-hung sash. A shed-roof addition across the rear of the house is partially enclosed and contains a screened porch. House, 2005 NC-B 202 Sycamore Drive One-and-a-half-story modular frame house is clad with vinyl siding and features a side-gable roof, three gabled front dormers, an attached shed-roof porch on turned posts, and six-over-six windows. House, 1960 C-B 203 Sycamore Drive One-story frame Ranch house has a side-gable roof, front-gable wing, and an engaged screened porch on NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 314 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC the side elevation. The rustic character of the house comes from its stone foundation, vertical wood siding, exposed rafter tails, and an interior chimney. The house occupies a heavily wooded site and has a stone patio across the façade. O. T. Hinton House, ca. 1960 C-B 206 Sycamore Drive O. T. Hinton of Pickens, South Carolina, purchased this lot in 1959, and erected a small, one-story frame Ranch house on a concrete block foundation that is exposed at the rear due to the sloping nature of the site. The side-gable dwelling is covered with Masonite siding and has three-light aluminum-frame windows. A wood deck is attached along the east side elevation, and an enclosed porch is attached at the rear of the house. House, 2007 NC-B 208 Sycamore Drive The one-and-a-half-story frame house is capped by a tall metal-clad side-gable roof with front and rear shed dormers and has board-and-batten siding, an attached shed-roof entry porch, and an attached screened porch on the side elevation. House, 1964, ca. 2000 NC-B 300 Sycamore Drive One-story front-gable frame house is clad with vinyl siding and has a large side-gable wing. Located on a wooded site and well back from the street, the house features large stuccoed interior chimney, inset porch, modern casement windows, and an attached, elevated wood deck that carries across the façade and wraps around onto the side wing. A set of sliding-glass doors opens onto the deck from the wing. House, 1972 NC-B 302 Sycamore Drive One-story frame Ranch house with a side-gable roof has paneled wood sheathing, an interior brick chimney, replacement one-over-one and three-part picture windows, and an open porch on the gable end that is partially screened. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 315 House, 1952 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B 306 Sycamore Drive One-story brick Minimal Traditional dwelling has a hip roof and brick veneer siding. The façade is dominated by a central, exterior brick chimney, which is flanked by a single-leaf entry door and multi-light metal-frame windows. A patio extends to the rear at the northeast corner of the house. House, 1939 C-B 308 Sycamore Drive One-story side-gable frame dwelling exhibits German siding, an exterior brick end chimney, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and an attached shed-roof entry porch. The porch is carried on square wood posts and has a recent replacement wood floor. A wooden accessibility ramp connects to the porch from the west side. A screened porch is attached on the east elevation, and a deck is attached at the rear (north) of the house. House, 2004 NC-B 322 Sycamore Drive One-story modern log house with tall side-gable roof sits on a stuccoed foundation and is capped by a metal roof. The house has a front-gable wing, large plate-glass windows, and an attached, wraparound hiproof porch that is screened on the side elevation. House, 1968 NC-B 324 Sycamore Drive Small one-story side-gable frame dwelling is nestled among dense vegetation on a wooded lot. The house is covered with wood siding and has an attached shed-roof screened porch, one-over-one windows, and an attached wood deck on the façade. House, 1996 328 Sycamore Drive NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 316 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC This Neo-traditional frame house consists of a two-story front-gable section that abuts a one-and-a-halfstory side-gable wing with an engaged screened porch. Resting on a stuccoed foundation, the house is clad with vinyl siding and has six-over-six windows. House, 1955 C-B 330 Sycamore Drive One-story frame Ranch house with a low side-gable roof sits on a concrete block foundation and is covered with asbestos shingle siding. The house displays a gable-roof rear ell, an attached shed-roof entry porch on thin metal pots, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. A wood deck is attached at the rear of the house. TALL OAK LANE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) TARA PLACE See Chanteloup Country Estates subdivision (Boundary Decrease) TARNHILL DRIVE See Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Decrease) THOMAS WOLFE DRIVE Located on the west side of Greenville Highway, Thomas Wolfe Drive serves as the main entry to the Flat Rock Playhouse, the State Theater of North Carolina. It was originally the entrance to the 1884 estate of Richard I’On Lowndes at 2661 Greenville Highway. The Vagabond School of Drama complex, as it is presently known, encompasses the Lowndes House and Flat Rock Playhouse facilities on the residual 5.8acre tract of the Lowndes estate. (See inventory entry at 2661 Greenville Highway.) TOWN CIRCLE See Highland Lake Village subdivision NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 317 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC TRANQUILITY PLACE 100-290 Tranquility Place See Tranquility subdivision Tranquility, 1889-1890, ca. 2000 C-B 155 Tranquility Place Tranquility is a tall, high-style Queen Anne frame house with a prominent square tower, polygonal bay windows, and two-tiered porches. Resting on a stone foundation, the two-and-a-half-story house is covered with weatherboards and decorative wood shingles in the gable ends. It has a cross-gable roof with gabled dormers, an interior corbelled brick chimney, exposed rafter tails with rounded ends, and two-over-two double-hung sash. The decorative sawn bargeboards and trusses in the gable ends are a later addition. Onestory bay windows are located on the southwest and southeast elevations. Narrow double-leaf glazed-andpaneled doors on the southeast elevation are framed by turned pilasters and sheltered by a shallow porch that extends to an attached two-tiered half-octagon porch to the east. The porch is supported by turned posts on the first story and paired turned posts on the second; the decorative sawnwork frieze and sawn balustrade are later additions. An attached two-story hip-roof porch carries the full width of the west elevation and is supported on turned posts. It displays the added sawn frieze and balustrade, and the center bays of the upper story have been enclosed with weatherboards and one-over-one windows. A three-story square tower rises at the rear intersection of roof gables and features a flared pyramidal roof, decorative wood sheathing, arched window on the third story, and a boxed cornice. The residual eight-acre parcel surrounding Tranquility retains its terraced lawns; designed plantings of trees, shrubs, and hedges; and a complement of granite elements, including the stone entrance pillars, retaining walls, curbing, steps, and a garden bench. A large, unpaved parking area framed by stone retaining walls is located to the east of the house and connects to the guest house. Edward Read Memminger (1856-1949), son of C. G. Memminger, built the house on land formerly part of his father's Valley Farm, a vegetable farm the elder Memminger purchased in 1844. Edward Read Memminger married Ella Drayton (1853-1926) in 1888, and the house was his wedding gift to her. Memminger reported "...the hill on which my house stands had become a dense black-pine wood, and was cleared by me when I took the place in hand in 1881. The house was built in 1889-90, and we entered same May 1890.” 102 102 Memminger, 23. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 318 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A Charleston attorney, Memminger’s health problems forced him to retire, and his study of botany led to an extensive collection of exotic plants and trees at Tranquility. His collection of rare specimens was given to the University of North Carolina Herbarium after his death in 1949. In 1922, Memminger wrote a brief but interesting history of Flat Rock, An Historical Sketch of Flat Rock, which is not entirely reliable on all details. It was undoubtedly written at Tranquility. Following Memminger’s death, the property, then about 117 acres, passed to his daughter Marjorie Memminger Rodman Norment and, at her death in 1957, transferred to her husband, Walter Norment. In 1967, the estate was sold to Richard Sauer, who built a house on the grounds in 1971. Sauer sold Tranquility, along with eight acres, to William Beck and divided the remaining land to create Tranquility subdivision. A Guest House, 157 Tranquility Place, ca. 2000 NC-B Located immediately northeast of the main house, the guest house is a one-and-a-half-story, sidegable frame structure executed to mimic the Queen Anne style of Tranquility. The L-shaped building contains a two-car garage with an overhead door on the façade and a front-gable wing containing the residence. The guest house is covered with weatherboards and has exposed rafter tails, decorative sawn bargeboards and trusses in the gable ends, round-arched windows on the upper story, multi-light casements on the first story, and an attached shed-roof porch carried on turned posts. The porch is embellished with a sawn frieze and balustrade. The single-leaf entry door features two vertical lights over two small panels. B Barn, ca. 2000 NC-B Located approximately 100 yards southeast of the house along the entry drive, the one-and-a-halfstory front-gable frame building reflects the style of the main house and guest house. An attached shedroof canopy on the façade is supported by round posts and shelters double-leaf wooden barn doors. The structure features exposed rafter tails, decorative sawn bargeboards and trusses in the gable end, and a band of multi-light windows. TREELINE DRIVE See Flat Rock Lakes subdivision TRENHOLM ROAD The road today called Trenholm Road was for years called Black Road due to the large ca. 1898 summer house of the Black family located at 409 Trenholm Road. The road, which connects Little River Road and Rutledge Drive, is one of the few remaining unpaved roads in Flat Rock. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 319 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1976 NC-B 25 Trenholm Road One-and-a-half-story Craftsman-influenced frame dwelling is capped by a side-gable roof with a prominent shed dormer and an attached shed-roof porch. The house is covered with board-and-batten siding and features an exterior stone chimney, six-over-six sash windows, and an attached wood deck extending out from the porch. Pace Place, ca. 1920 C-B 105 Trenholm Road One-and-a-half-story frame Craftsman bungalow rests on a stone foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The tall side-gable roof engages a full-width porch and features front and rear shed dormers, exposed rafter tails, and triangular eave brackets in the gable ends. An interior brick chimney with a corbelled cap rises above the ridgeline. Windows are typical six-over-one double-hung sash with paired sixover-six sash in the dormers. The porch is carried on square wood posts on a weatherboarded balustrade and supported by a brick pier foundation. An open shed-roof porch is attached at the rear of the house. A row of boxwoods extends across the front of the house. The north-facing residence overlooks an open pasture to the north and northwest. The Pace family owned the property beginning in the 1890s, and later built the house. The Paces operated a small, working farm with an orchard and raised cattle. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Maybank bought the property in 1960s and updated the interior of the house. The property adjoins the fields at the rear of Stonybrook estate (see 650 Rutledge Drive) and serves as the guest house for Stonybrook, which is also owned by the Maybank family. A Children’s Museum House, ca. 1920 C-B One-story front-gable frame building has German siding and an asphalt-shingle roof. Resting on a stone foundation, the structure is entered through multi-pane French doors that are flanked by multi-pane sidelights. B Shed, ca. 1920 C-B One-story front-gable frame shed is entered through double-leaf wooded barn doors. Resting on a concrete block foundation, the building has an asphalt-shingle roof with exposed rafter tails and vertical wood siding. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 320 C Outbuilding, ca. 1920 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC C-B Small, one-story front-gable frame outbuilding sits directly behind the shed. It has German siding, exposed rafter tails, and a solid wood single-leaf door. House, ca. 1965 NC-B 160 Trenholm Road Built on a stone foundation, the one-story side-gable frame Ranch house is enlivened with gable roof wings at the front and rear. The façade features a front-gable entry porch supported on clustered Tuscan columns that shelters a single-leaf six-panel door framed by sidelights. A front-gable wing projects at the north end of the façade, and a front-gable carport projects at the south end. The carport, which is carried on boxed wood posts, displays diagonal wood sheathing and a louvered vent in the gable end. A gable-roof wing at the rear has an exterior stuccoed chimney and triangular plate-glass windows in the gable end. Sliding-glass doors open from the rear wing onto an attached wood deck on the north side. A Shed, ca. 1980 NC-B One-story pyramidal-roof frame shed is accessed through a single-leaf solid wood door. The building, which is roughly square in plan, is covered with board-and-batten siding and has one-over-one windows. B Guest House, 1910 C-B Surrounded by tall pines to the west of the main house, the guest house is a one-story side-gable Craftsman-influence frame dwelling. The structure rests on a stuccoed foundation and is covered with wood shingles. The neatly finished house displays exposed rafter tails, decorative purlin brackets in the gable ends, and nine-over-one double-hung sash windows with paneled wood shutters. An attached wood deck serves as the front porch and accesses a single-leaf multi-light entry door. House, 1988 NC-B 210 Trenholm Road One-and-a-half-story contemporary frame house is dominated by a tall hip roof crowned by a clerestory and pyramidal roof. The roof is further enlivened with gabled dormers and front-gable bays with large window groups. The house has an exterior stone chimney and two inset corner porches. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 321 House, ca. 1930, ca. 1985 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NC-B 309 Trenholm Road One-story front-gable frame house has board-and-batten siding, a concrete block foundation, and an asphalt-shingle roof. A basement is exposed on the southeast side of the house. The plain dwelling, which appears to have been updated in the 1980s, has an unadorned single-leaf glazed entry door, replacement oneover-one windows, and a bay window on the side elevation. A Garage, ca. 1930 C-B A sprawling one-story frame garage is located in a wooded area at the southern edge of the property. The building, which is capped by a low-pitched gable roof, has three bays on the gable that are entered through double-leaf wooden doors. A separate single-leaf garage door is located on the side elevation. It is covered with vertical wood siding. The building exhibits a metal roof, exposed rafters, and nine-light fixed sash and eight-light casement windows. House, 1997 NC-B 328 Trenholm Road Set back on a grassy lawn, the two-story Neo-Colonial frame house features an attached full-width shedroof porch and a one-story garage wing. The house is covered with weatherboards, and the façade is five bays on the first story and six on the second. The porch, which is carried on square wood posts with a balustrade of turned balusters, shelters a central entrance framed by sidelights. Windows throughout are oneover-one double-hung sash windows. A Garage, 1997 NC-B A detached one-story side-gable garage stands southwest of the house at the end of a paved driveway. The building is covered with weatherboards and has a central garage bay opening on its east elevation. Black House, ca. 1898, ca. 1980 C-B 409 Trenholm Road The Black House is an imposing two-story hip-roof dwelling originally constructed around 1898 for Rev. Robert M. W. Black, an Episcopal rector, and his wife, Clara. It is believed that an earlier structure may have been remodeled into the present house form, but this has not been verified. The house, which is covered with pebbledash stucco, sits on a raised brick basement and the tall roof is punctuated by gabled dormers on the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 322 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC side and rear elevations. The deep eave displays modillion blocks. An exterior chimney rises against the northwest side of the house and is constructed of cut stone blocks on the first story and brick above, with a corbelled cap. The attached two-tiered hip-roof porch carries across the full width of the façade on the first story and has a second-story central bay. Tall stone piers with cast concrete caps support the paired columns carrying the porch roof on the first story. A simple wood balustrade with square balusters extends between the stone piers. The second-story porch roof is supported on clustered columns that rest on shingled knee walls with an open balustrade across the front. The second-story balustrade has turned balusters. The porch is reached by two sets of concrete steps that rise to a central landing and then continue as a single run to the center entrance bay. The entrance consists of a single-leaf glazed-and-paneled door topped by a transom with tracery-pattern muntins. Windows throughout are typically six-over-six double-hung sash with some original tracery-pattern windows and nine-over-one sash. A one-story hip-roof addition projects to the rear of the house and has a wood deck attached to the northwest side. The property containing the Black House was once part of Charles Baring’s Mountain Lodge estate (see 436 Rutledge Drive), but following the death of Mountain Lodge’s subsequent owner, Edward Trenholm of Charleston, a portion of the property was acquired in 1896 by Louis G. Trenholm, one of Edward Trenholm’s children. Louis Trenholm sold his property, approximately seventy-eight acres, in 1898 to the Young family, who, in turn, sold a twenty-two acre portion to the Rev. Robert M. W. Black and his wife, Clara, of Long Island, New York. It is believed the Blacks built the house soon thereafter, although they divided their time between Flat Rock and rectorships at Zion Church in Douglaston, New York; St. Batholomew’s in Brooklyn, New York; and Grace Church in Memphis, Tennessee. In 1919, the Blacks sold the house to Cornelia Tucker of Charleston, who transferred it to another Charlestonian, J. Chapman Huger, in 1924. The property has passed through a number of subsequent owners, including Mr. and Mrs. Park Paxton, who rehabilitated the house in the 1980s. It is presently the year-round residence of Dr. and Mrs. J. Horwitz. House, 2007 NC-B 479 Trenholm Road One-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional frame house with a tall side-gable roof, Hardieplank siding, and a stuccoed foundation. The façade is enlivened with two projecting front-gable wings that create a recessed central entrance bay. The larger front wing contains a two-car garage entered on the side elevation and displays a stone-veneer apron. The house has wood shingles in the gable ends, an interior stuccoed chimney, and six-over-six windows. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. House, 1977 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 323 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 675 Trenholm Road The one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house is set back from the road on a wooded lot. Resting on brick foundation, the house features two gabled front dormers, a one-story front-gable wing, interior brick chimney, and a set back two-story wing on the south side. The house is covered with weatherboards and has one-over-one and six-over-six windows. An attached partial-width shed-roof porch is supported on turned posts with a simple wood balustrade. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. House, 1991 NC-B 743 Trenholm Road One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house with board-and-batten siding is enlivened by three gabled dormers and a hip porch that carries across the full width of the façade and wraps around the south elevation. The porch, which is carried on square posts, shelters a single-leaf entry framed by sidelights and a multi-light transom. The house has eight-over-eight windows and one-story gable-roof side wings. The house is located within the Flat Rock Forest subdivision. Apple Acres, ca. 1848, ca. 1940 C-B 800 Trenholm Road Also known as the George McCullough House, this one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house presents a two-bay façade with two front through-the-eave gable dormers and a one-story side-gable wing extending to the southwest. Resting on a stone foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards and has interior and exterior stone chimneys, pressed-tin roof shingles, a one-and-a-half-story rear ell, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. An attached one-story side-gable porch is supported on square wood posts and has a standing-seam metal roof. It shelters the single-leaf multi-light entry door, which is flanked by sidelights composed of four lights over a single panel. The two bays on the front elevation of the side wing have double-leaf jib doors with outer screen doors. The rear ell has gabled through-the-eave dormers on both sides of the gable roof and a shed dormer on the northeast side. An attached one-story screened side porch on the northeast elevation of the rear ell connects to a pyramidal-roof frame well house. The end bay of the porch, covered breezeway, and well house display decorative latticework with arched openings, which was popular in Flat Rock in the mid-nineteenth century. The well house has a stone foundation, decorative crossbraced balustrade, and a pressed-tin shingle roof. Apple Acres consists of approximately thirty-nine acres at present, with the majority of the property densely wooded. The unpaved driveway from Trenholm Road is lined with pine trees and passes along the northeast side of the long front meadow, which was planted with apples trees beginning around 1910. The NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 324 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC apple trees are now gone, leaving the open meadow to frame distant views of the mountains. The driveway connects with an elliptical loop located in front of house. The outer edge of the loop drive is bordered by a low, stone retaining wall, and the inner loop is planted with a boxwood hedge. The house is believed to have been built as early as 1848 by George McCullough, whose family owned the property until 1910, when it was sold to Ellison A. Smyth, owner of nearby Connemara (554 Carl Sandburg Lane). The property was given its name at that time to reflect Smyth's planting of a large apple orchard covering the area from the Little River Road to the house. At this time the property was about fifty acres, and Ulysses Ballard managed the orchard. David and Nellie Morrison King and their children, a yearround Flat Rock family, lived at Apple Acres during Smyth’s ownership, spending a few years in the early 1920s living in the big house; Smyth lived at Connemara. David King built the lake, hauling the rocks with two ox steers. Nellie King's brother, Hilliard Morrison, lived in the packing house, which in turn became the home of Carl King (b. l912), the King's son, until his death in the late 1990s. As a child, Carl King worked the pump when Ulysses Ballard sprayed the apple orchard. In 1925, the Smyths sold to Mr. and Mrs. W. D. McAdoo, who kept the property only four years before selling to Sarah I'On Lowndes Davis of Atlanta in 1929. Sarah Davis and her husband, Henry, used Apple Acres as a summer place for their children and grandchildren for thirty years. They rented the orchard to Mr. Hill, who ran an apple packing plant, and rented the tenant house (no longer standing) at one time to Thomas Johnson, who worked in the orchard. Just before World War II, the Davises updated and made additions to the house. In 1954, at the urging of her children, an elderly Sarah Davis sold about twenty-seven acres of Apple Acres, including the house, to A. F. "Unk" Barber and his wife, Iva Dyal Barber, and bought Tuctaway (2638 Greenville Highway) for her summer place. Apple Acres had left the McCullough family in 1910, but with the Barbers' purchase, it returned to family ownership. Barber's great-grandfather was George McCullough, and his mother, Percha McCullough Barber, was born in the main house. 103 A Garage/Residence, ca. 1940 C-B Two-story front-gable frame building contains a single two-car garage bay on the first story and a small residence on the second story. The building, which rests on a brick foundation and is covered with German siding, features an interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The garage bay has a dirt floor and is entered through paneled sliding wood doors. A onestory shed-roof wing projects to the northeast and is similarly finished. An inset corner porch at the north end provides access to two single-leaf entry doors. A small shed-roof addition at the rear of the building is covered with flush-board sheathing. B Vehicle Shed, ca. 1940 C-B One-story three-bay frame shed is located at the edge of the woods to the north of the garage. The 103 Interviews with Carl King, Frances Morrison Jones, and A. F. “Unk” Barber. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 325 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC metal-clad shed roof has an attached front pent that shelters the open bays and an extension at the rear supported by log poles. The side and rear walls of the vehicle bays are covered with vertical wood siding. C Gateposts, ca. 1850 C-O At the entrance on Trenholm Road are stone gateposts and decorative wood fences opening onto a pine-lined front avenue with elliptical circle in front of house. TRENHOLM WOODS DRIVE See Trenholm Woods subdivision TURKEY ROOST COURT See Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision (Boundary Decrease) VALOIS PLACE See Beaumont Estates subdivision VILLAGE CENTER DRIVE Located on the east side of the Greenville Highway just to the south of the area’s namesake flat rock (see 2658 Greenville Highway), Village Center Drive, a new paved road, incorporates the old drive to Tabor Hill, the home of Alan Tabor (no longer standing), and turns south to access the parking lots of the Stradley-Jones House (present Flat Rock Village Hall) and the Old Flat Rock Post Office. Fire Station, 1995 NC-B 61 Village Center Drive The fire station is a one-story two-bay front-gable building clad with metal siding and capped with a metal roof. A stone veneer façade frames the two truck bays, which are accessed through glazed overhead doors. The gable-on-hip front elevation is covered with aluminum siding and displays a single-pane demilune window in the gable end. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 326 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Stradley-Jones House, 1846, ca. 1890, 2004 NC-B 110 Village Center Drive Dating for the mid-nineteenth century, the one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house was altered in the late nineteenth century to its present Victorian appearance and rehabilitated around 2004 for use as the Village Hall, Flat Rock’s governmental center. Oriented to the south, the house faces toward the old Flat Rock Post Office building (118 Village Center Drive), which was built around the same time by original owner Peter Stradley. The house is covered with weatherboards, capped by a pressed-tin shingle roof, and sits on a stuccoed foundation. The façade is composed with a central single-leaf entry door, two gable-roof wall dormers, and an attached hip-roof porch supported on chamfered posts with decorative sawn brackets. An interior brick flue rises above the roofline, and an exterior stone end chimney is present on the east side elevation. A one-story hip-roof polygonal bay projects from the west elevation, and its window openings have molded hoods. The windows throughout the house are typically replacement six-over-six sash. A oneand-a-half-story gable-roof rear ell extending to the north was likely added in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. It exhibits a large gabled dormer on the west elevation and an attached hip-roof porch carrying along the west side. The porch, which is similarly finished to the front porch, shelters a single-leaf entry door composed of two round-arch lights over two panels. In 2004, the house was rehabilitated and a large L-shaped wing was added on the east side of the former residence. The wing is composed of a low, side-gable connector that adjoins a taller front-gable block. It is similarly finished to match the original structure, with weatherboard siding, pressed-tin roof shingles, and a stuccoed foundation. The front (south) of connector has double-leaf glazed-doors flanked by full-height glass panels, while the north elevation is fully glazed. The front-gable section of the wing displays a few nine-light windows, gabled dormer on the east elevation, and a single-leaf entry at the northeast corner, which is surmounted by a small decorative gable. Peter Stradley, a minister and a blacksmith, came to Flat Rock in 1834, began acquiring land, and built a house and store on this parcel he purchased in October 1844 (Deed 3/436). He was appointed postmaster in January 1845, a position he held until after the Civil War, and kept the post office in his store (see 118 Village Center Drive). Stradley sold the 33-acre property, including the house and store, to Allen Tabor in 1852 (Deed 10/26), and it appears to have been either Stradley or Tabor who added the rear (north) ell to the house. Tabor, who died in 1882, owned the property for thirty years, and it was sold late in 1883 to the Hart family (Deed 16/326). Following the Harts, James Ripley acquired the house and store, where he resided and operated a business. Either the Harts or Ripleys made significant changes to the house, giving it its Victorian appearance by adding the polygonal bay, two-over-two windows, chamfered porch posts and brackets, and perhaps finishing the second floor and installing the dormers. In 1915, John and Dovie Jones bought the house, which the family subsequently owned for seventy-two years. John Jones served as postmaster for NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 327 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC many years, beginning in 1913. The Jones’ built a kitchen ell on the west side of the house after 1929. The Jones's daughter Natalie inherited the house in 1950; her husband Dorris K. (Jack) Justus removed the interior partition between the central hall and dining room, installed plumbing, and converted the garage to a cottage. The garage was one of a number of outbuildings associated with the house through the twentieth century that no longer stand, including a barn, corn crib, smokehouse, chicken house, pig pen, well house, and privy. 104 Natalie Jones Justus sold the property in 1986, to Bob and Louise Harley of Warrenville, South Carolina, who undertook major alterations. The Village of Flat Rock acquired the property in December 2003 and rehabilitated and enlarged the structure for use as Village Hall. Old Flat Rock Post Office, ca. 1844 [Photo 5] C-B 118 Village Center Drive The old Flat Rock Post Office is a two-story front-gable frame building that rests on a stone pier foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The façade, which is clad with flush boards on the first story and beaded boards on the second, is composed of a central double-leaf entrance flanked by oversized fourlight windows. The entry doors have a single arched light over two vertical panels. Central double-leaf entry doors on the second story are flanked by single six-over-six double-hung windows. An attached shed-roof, two-tier porch shelters the façade. Boxed wood posts on the first story carry the second-story porch floor, chamfered posts, and sawn balustrade. The building features an interior brick chimney and exposed rafter tails with decorative sawn ends. The long, four-bay side elevations are blind on the first story and display six-over-six double-hung sash windows on the second story. A single-leaf entrance on the first story of the south elevation is sheltered by an attached shed-roof porch supported on square wood posts. The rear elevation is composed with six-over-six double-hung sash windows on both stories and central double-leaf entry doors on the first story. The doors consist of a single light over a single panel. Postal service was established in Flat Rock in 1829—prior to the formation of Henderson County—along the turnpike between Asheville and Greenville, South Carolina. Col. John Davis served as the first postmaster. The post office moved into the building erected by Peter Stradley around 1844. When John P. Patton was appointed postmaster in 1877, he moved the post office to his store a short distance north (see 2622 Greenville Highway). It returned to this building in 1879, when Matthew Farmer became postmaster, and remained here until 1922. From 1922 until 1953, the post office was again located in the Patton Store building. The post office was located in its original home until February 1965, when the current post office building (2685 Greenville Highway) was dedicated. Lenoir Ray served as the Flat Rock postmaster for eighteen years, including the final years in this building, and retired the week before the current post office 104 Interview with Sarah Jones Moore, granddaughter of John and Dovie Jones. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 328 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC was dedicated. 105 VILLAGE GREENWAY See Highland Lake Village subdivision WAGRAM PLACE See Beaumont Estates subdivision WATERLILY DRIVE See Garden Hamlet at Highland Lake subdivision WILLIAM ELLIOTT LANE Wardlaw House, ca. 1900 C-B 20 William Elliott Lane Set at the end of a long, unpaved drive, the one-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house is located on the west side of Highland Lake. Clad with vinyl siding, the eclectic dwelling has multiple roof heights, three front shed dormers, stuccoed interior chimney, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. An attached shed-roof screened porch projects at the west end of the façade. At the center of the façade are two separate, single-leaf, replacement entry doors with adjacent plate-glass window panels. The center section of the house is two stories at the rear, and a small inset corner porch is located at the rear of the east wing. This property appears to be the “bungalow and improvements” referenced in the court settlement filed by William Elliott Jr. (1872-1943) and his wife Leila Gibbes Sams (1876-1960) in 1941 (Deed 236/481). The suit was filed by the Elliotts against his father’s heirs for the house he had built at his own expense on his father’s estate (see 157 William Elliott Place). The house appears to have subsequently passed to his daughter Leila Sams Elliott, who married Albert Lee Wardlaw. The property is currently owned by the Wardlaw’s grandchildren. A Shed, 1989 105 “Flat Rock Post Office To Be Dedicated On Saturday,” Hendersonville Times-News (February 26, 1965). NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 329 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story frame storage shed stands to the southwest of the house and is clad with paneled wood sheathing. The structure has a metal roof, single-leaf wood door on the west elevation, and an open shed extension at the rear. House, 1965 NC-B 24 William Elliott Lane Located on the western shore of Highland Lake, the one-story frame Ranch house has a gable roof, paneled wood sheathing, an interior brick chimney, and one-over-one windows. The main block of the house has a set back wing extending to the west, which is attached to a later addition that is slightly larger in scale than the rest of the house. An attached screened porch on the east elevation overlooks the lake. The singleleaf front entrance on the north elevation is flanked by tall, single-pane sidelights. A Shed, ca. 1980 NC-B One-story, front-gable shed with plywood siding, concrete foundation, and solid single-leaf door. Elliott Place, 1877 C-B 157 William Elliott Lane Also known as Vincennes, the two-story Italianate frame house is five bays wide and two bays deep, with a side-gable roof and an attached one-story wraparound porch. Resting on a brick foundation, the house is covered with weatherboards and has two-over-two double-hung sash windows. The house is embellished with a bracketed cornice, cornice returns in the gable ends, a decorative front gable, and molded windows hoods. Two interior brick chimneys have corbelled caps. The porch is carried on chamfered wood posts with decorative sawn brackets and abuts a projecting polygonal bay on the two side elevations. The porch shelters a central single-leaf entry door, which is framed with sidelights, a tall transom, and an arched cornice. The flanking window bays contain jib doors, which were added later. Two, 2-story gable-roof ells project to the rear and are joined by an intermediate gable-roof section. An attached one-story hip-roof addition sits on a concrete block foundation and has six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The east end of the addition is an open porch supported on square wood posts with arched spandrels of latticework. The house is believed to have been built by Col. William H. and Sarah Stuart “Sallie” Elliott around 1877. Born in Beaufort, South Carolina, Col. William Elliott (1838-1907) studied law at the University of Vriginia and was admitted to the bar in Charleston in 1861. During the Civil War, Elliott participated in the attack on Fort Sumter and was later wounded at the Battle of Bentonville. He married Sarah “Sallie” Means NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 330 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Stuart (1846-1939) in 1868, following the death of his first wife, Isabella Elliott Barnwell (1841-1867). Elliott had one daughter by his first wife and four children with Sallie Elliott. Following the war, the Elliotts lived in Beaufort and he practiced law. William Elliott served seven terms in the U. S. House of Representatives between 1887 and 1903. In the early twentieth century, the Elliotts were living in Columbia, South Carolina, where Col. Elliott opened a law office with his son, William Elliott Jr. (1872-1943). Following his death in 1907, the house passed to his wife and children and was sold out of the family in 1944, when it was purchased by William and Mary Frances Hartman (Deed 231/481). In 1978, the house became the first property sold by Historic Flat Rock, Inc.’s Revolving Fund when Hartman donated the twelve-acre estate to the organization, which sold it with a preservation easement in 1984 to the Adams family. 106 A Caretaker’s House, 183 William Elliott Lane, ca. 1877, ca. 2006 C-B Built as the caretaker’s house for Elliott Place, this one-and-a-half-story frame dwelling features a steep cross-gable roof, metal roof, and weatherboard siding. An attached one-story hip-roof porch on the front-gable end is supported on replacement posts. The south side wing has an engaged two-story porch screened porch with square posts and a decorative sawn balustrade. A second-story entrance on the north wing is accessed by a set of exterior wood stairs that appear to have been added in recent years. A pair of nine-light windows is located in the front gable end, and a six-over-six window is located on the firststory façade. The house also displays exposed rafter tails, sawn bargeboards, and decorative sawn pendants in the upper gable ends. WILLIAMS MEADOW LOOP See Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision (Boundary Decrease) WINDRUSH LANE See Claremont subdivision (Boundary Decrease) WOOD ROAD Part of Twin Lakes subdivision, a small residential area that was developed by Eugene Brown in 1959 on 106 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000129; accessed May 2014). Students of the University of Virginia, 1825-1974 website (http://uvastudents.wordpress.com/2012/09/18/william-elliott-3-sep-1838-3-dec-1907/; accessed May 2014). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 331 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC the former ground of Enchantment (114 Lee Estate Drive). House, 1966 NC-B 19 Wood Road One-story front-gable frame house is covered with weatherboards and has vertical wood sheathing in the gable ends. An attached front-gable screened porch with a shed-roof extension wraps around the façade, which overlooks Lake Jordan to the east, and the south side elevation. An attached garage wing is located on the west elevation. House, 1965 NC-B 21 Wood Road One-story, L-shaped, brick-veneer Ranch house with a low-pitched side-gable roof has an inset entry porch, attached single-bay carport, and an attached deck carrying across the rear (southeast) elevation. The front wing is clad with paneled wood sheathing and is entered through sliding-glass doors. A Guest cabin, 1994 NC-B Located to the southwest of the house and surrounded by trees, the one-story front-gable frame building is covered with weatherboards and features an engaged full-width porch, exposed rafter tails, and a window of structural glass block. B Shed, ca. 1994 NC-B Nestled on the wooded site, the one-story front-gable frame storage shed is covered with paneled wood sheathing and entered through double-leaf solid wood doors. WOODFIELD INN DRIVE House, 1964, ca. 2005 NC-B 206 Woodfield Inn Drive The one-story side-gable brick-veneer Ranch house has a projecting front-gable entrance bay and a gable-roof rear ell containing a two-car garage. The house features an interior brick chimney and twelveover-twelve double-hung sash. In the early 2000s, the projecting entrance bay was remodeled with an NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 332 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC extended front-gable porch, replacement French doors, and an attached wood deck that wraps around the projecting bay and porch. A Swimming pool, 1964 C-S An in-ground concrete swimming pool surround by a concrete deck is located in front of the house. House, ca. 1940 C-B 224 Woodfield Inn Drive Neat, one-story cross-gable brick-veneer dwelling presents a dominant front-gable façade with an engaged shed-roof screened porch extending to the north. A long, set back wing extends to the south of the main block and contains an inset porch. The porches are supported by slender turned posts with ellipticalarch spandrels. The house features a prominent exterior brick chimney, façade picture window, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and board-and-batten siding on the gable end and on the inset porch. A brickpaved driveway is located at the rear (west) of the house. The origins of this house are unclear, but it may have been built for Joseph and Gladys Clemons of Miami, Flordia, who operated the Woodfield Inn (265 Woodfield Inn Drive) beginning in 1939. In 1965, the Clemons sold the house and lot, which was described as “being a portion of the Woodfield Inn tract,” to Norman and Elizabeth Rudoy (Deeds 429/345 and 429/383). Elizabeth Rudoy sold the house in 1985 to J. Drayton and Fernanda Hastie of Charleston (Deed 670/781). A Shed, ca. 1940 C-B One-story gable-roof frame storage shed is covered with board-and-batten siding and has a single-leaf braced entry door. B Carport, 2007 NC-S Front-gable two-car frame carport is supported by square wood posts. House, 1945 C-B 254 Woodfield Inn Drive One-story hip-roof frame Ranch house is covered with waney-edge wood siding and features interior stone chimneys, exposed rafter tails, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The house has shallow projecting front and rear hip-roof bays, as well as attached hip-roof porches on the north and south elevations. The north porch is screened and the south porch is open. The projecting rear bay contains two large plate-glass windows and sliding glass doors, which open onto an attached wood deck. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 333 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Woodfield Inn, 1850-1852, ca. 1950, ca. 1975 C-B 265 Woodfield Inn Drive Set back from Greenville Highway on a slight rise, the three-story hip-roof frame inn overlooks a sweeping grass lawn. Resting on a stone foundation, the building is covered with weatherboards and features scalloped cornices, interior brick chimneys, and an attached two-tiered porch. The inn has a metal roof and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. The porch covers the full width of the seven-bay-wide façade and is carried on square wood posts with latticed arch spandrels on the second story. A wooden balustrade with a criss-cross pattern is located on both stories. The central entrance on the first story consists of double-leaf glazed-and-paneled doors flanked by sidelights and topped by a multi-light transom. There are jib doors with transoms on both the first and second stories that open onto the porch. A two-story hip-roof ell projects from the center of the rear elevation and has a stuccoed exterior chimney on its rear wall. A one-story shed-roof addition extends to the south along the rear elevation and connects to a late-twentieth century one-story hiproof wing that projects to the south. Built in the mid-1970s, the south wing has a low-pitched roof and large, three-part plate-glass windows overlooking the landscaped grounds surrounding the house on the east and south sides. A curving driveway approaches the inn from the northeast portion of the property. A tennis court added in the 1970s or 1980s is located a short distance to the west of the inn. The inn, which was completed in 1852, was commissioned by Andrew Johnstone of Beaumont (72 Beaumont Drive) and Judge Mitchell King of Argyle (3110 Greenville Highway) to provide a commodious tavern for summer visitors to the area. Edward C. Jones, architect of the Church of St. John in the Wilderness (1851 Greenville Highway), designed the three-story inn, which was built by Henry Tudor Farmer (18171882) using slave labor. Raised by the Baring family, Farmer was the contractor for several other midnineteenth century Flat Rock buildings and, in 1853, was able to buy out the inn’s other stockholders and became the innkeeper. Commonly known as the Farmer Hotel, Confederate soldiers were garrisoned at the inn during the final six months of the Civil War to protect the Flat Rock community. Following the death of Henry Farmer, his son Matthew Farmer ran the inn, and after a number of subsequent owners, Joseph and Gladys Clemons of Miami, Florida, bought the inn in 1939 and operated it as the Woodfield Inn. The Clemoneses ran the in together until 1972, when Joe Clemons died, but Gladys Clemons kept the business active until 1981, when she retired and sold the inn to David and Gail Levin of Lakeland, Florida. The property was sold in recent years and recnamed Mansouri Mansion. 107 A Kitchen, ca. 1852, ca. 1900 107 C-B Leeming Grimshawe, Flat Rock 1836-1976: A Brief Description of the Homes in the Olden Times (N.p.: published by author, 1977), 7. “State’s Oldest Operating Inn – Woodfield,” Western Carolina Tribune (February 18, 1965). Jim Fitzgerald, “Woodfield Inn Is Sold” Hendersonville Times-News (June 26, 1981). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 334 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Constructed of stone, the detached kitchen is partially inset into the hill behind the house and capped with a hip roof. The horizontal window openings are framed with paneled wood sheathing. A frame addition built on the north end of the structure has a tall metal-clad hip roof, exposed rafter tails, weatherboards, six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and a single-leaf six-panel entry door. B Shed, ca. 1960 C-B The shed is a one-story side-gable frame building covered with waney-edge wood siding and capped by a metal roof. The building has exposed rafter tails, vertical wood sheathing in the gable ends, and two sets of double-leaf wood doors on the front (east) elevation. C Barn, 248 Woodfield Inn Drive, ca. 1950 C-B One-and-a-half-story front-gable barn stands to the west of the house. Covered with weatherboards, the building features a metal roof, exposed rafter tails, and vented slats beneath the eaves on the side elevations. The building is entered through double-leaf wood doors on the first story, with a single-leaf solid wood door centered in the gable end that provides access to the loft. A shed-roof addition on the west elevation is covered with plywood sheathing. D Spring house, ca. 1900 C-S Located at the far western edge of the property, the spring is contained within an open concrete and stone pool. E Wedding Pavilion, ca. 1990 NC-S The large, open pavilion is twelve bays long with the six center bays capped by a tall side-gable roof and the end bays topped with a slightly lower roofline. The wood frame structure is carried on square wood posts and displays a criss-cross pattern balustrade and latticed arch spandrels. F Gazebo, ca. 1980 NC-S A one-story wood frame gazebo is located on the west side of the open lawn that extends southward from the inn. The octagonal-roof structure is supported by wood posts with decorative latticework arches. House, 1973 NC-B 271 Woodfield Inn Drive One-story side-gable brick-veneer Ranch house features a tall, three-bay center roof section with an engaged porch carried on turned posts. The center roof section is flanked by lower one-bay sections with a gable-roof set back wing to the south, which exhibits a brick end chimney and a picture window on the front elevation. Windows throughout are six-over-six double-hung sash. An attached gable-roof carport supported NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 335 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC by square wood posts projects from the north side of the house. WOODHAVEN DRIVE See Woodhaven subdivision (Boundary Decrease) WINDING MEADOWS DRIVE Also see Kenmure subdivision (Boundary Derease) Gatehouse, 2009 NC-B 3 Winding Meadows Drive Located on the entrance drive to Kenmure (100 Clubhouse Drive), the one-story side-gable gatehouse with a central frame guard station flanked by porte cocheres was erected for the residential subdivision developed on the grounds of the estate. The pedimented façade of the weatherboarded central block features a stone veneer apron, round columns on stone piers, and paired sixteen-light windows topped by four-light transoms. A square vented cupola with a metal-clad pyramidal roof sits at the center of the roof ridgeline and is set at a 45-degree angle. The porte cochere bays are supported by paired columns on stone piers. YORK RIDGE LANE Located within Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds. Youth Cabin, ca. 1961, ca. 2010 NC-B 15 York Ridge Lane The one-story dormitory-style frame cabin sits on a concrete block foundation, has a side-gable roof, and is covered with a half-log veneer that was added around 2010. A single garage bay is located in the basement of the building and is accessed through a paneled wooden overhead door. Six single-leaf entry doors are located on the west elevation, and the window openings are covered by top-hinged solid wood shutters. Youth Cabin, ca. 1961, ca. 2010 NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 336 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 20 York Ridge Lane The one-story dormitory-style frame cabin sits on a pier foundation of concrete blocks, has a side-gable roof, and is covered with a half-log veneer that was added around 2010. Single-leaf entry doors are located on the east elevation, and the window openings are covered by top-hinged solid wood shutters. Bathhouse, ca. 1961, ca. 2010 NC-B 30 York Ridge Lane The bathhouse serves the surrounding five cabins of youth housing. The one-story side-gable frame building sits on a concrete block foundation and is covered with a half-log veneer that was added around 2010. Two single-leaf entry doors topped by transoms are located on the south elevation. A concrete block retaining wall borders a small entry patio. Youth Cabin, ca. 1961, ca. 2010 NC-B 42 York Ridge Lane The one-story dormitory-style frame cabin sits on a pier foundation of concrete blocks, has a side-gable roof, and is covered with a half-log veneer that was added around 2010. Single-leaf entry doors are located on the east elevation, and the window openings are covered by top-hinged solid wood shutters. Youth Cabin, ca. 1961, ca. 2010 NC-B 52 York Ridge Lane The one-story dormitory-style frame cabin sits on a pier foundation of concrete blocks, has a side-gable roof, and is covered with a half-log veneer that was added around 2010. Single-leaf entry doors are located on the east elevation, and the window openings are covered by top-hinged solid wood shutters. SUBDIVISIONS BEAUMONT ESTATES SUBDIVISION NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 337 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Only a portion of the subdivision, which was developed on the site of Beaumont, Andrew Johnstone’s home, remains within the district. The meadow-like nature of the estate is retained within the subdivision. Little tree coverage and curvilinear streets maintain the landscape established by the Beaumont Estate. The estate’s lake is now part of the subdivision. ANDREW JOHNSTONE DRIVE 130, 141, 150, 161, 191 Andrew Johnstone Drive NC-B (5) Five one- and one-and-a-half-story houses built between 1992 and 1997. They are predominantly Neotraditional brick-veneer residences. BEAUMONT DRIVE 48, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 60, 63, 67, 71, 81, 84 Beaumont Drive NC-B (12) Twelve houses—primarily brick Ranch houses—built from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. The onestory frame house at 81 Beaumont Drive was constructed in 2003. CONDE PLACE 200, 202 Conde Place NC-B (2) Two, one-story Ranch houses built in 1986 and 1994, respectively. RIVOLI BOULEVARD 15, 21, 23 Rivoli Boulevard NC-B (3) The two residences at 15 and 23 Rivoli Boulevard are one-story brick Ranches built in the early 1990s. Number 21 is a plain two-story, side-gable frame house with vinyl siding and a two garage bays in the basement. WAGRAM PLACE 303, 304, 305, 307 Wagram Place NC-B (4) Four houses built between 1991 and 1998. They are predominantly one-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 338 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC brick house with the exception of the one-story contemporary Ranch house at 305 Wagram Place. CHANTELOUP COUNTRY ESTATES Developed on a portion of the Chanteloup Estate. Only a portion of the subdivision, which borders the Chanteloup Estate on the east and south sides, is within the historic district, and the portion that lies within the district is largely undeveloped. Mud Creek borders the western edge of the subdivision. JEFFERSON FOREST DRIVE 571, 620 Jefferson Forest Drive NC-B (2) Two Neo-traditional brick veneer houses with hip roofs. The two dwellings were built in 1997 and 1998. MOUNT SHADY OAK COURT 90, 95 Mount Shady Oak Court NC-B (2) Two houses built in 2007 (#90) and 2001 (#95). Large one-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional houses with cross gable roofs. DUNROY ON RUTLEDGE SUBDIVISION Developed around Dunroy estate. DUNROY DRIVE 345, 439, 642, 742, 767, 788, 832 Dunroy Drive NC-B (7) Seven houses within Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision, all built in 2000s. Large one- and two-story residences with multiple exterior materials, gable roofs, and one- and two- car garages on the front elevation. FLAT ROCK FIELDS LANE 21, 41, 77 Flat Rock Fields Lane NC-B (3) Three houses in Dunroy on Rutledge Subdivision, built in 2000s. The houses are Craftsman style with NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 339 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC multiple exterior materials and front porches. FLAT ROCK LAKES SUBDIVSION This residential subdivision surrounding two lakes was developed on the western portion of the Teneriffe estate (2531 Little River Road) beginning in the 1980s. Most of the houses surround the larger of the two lakes, which has a small dock and pyramidal-roof pavilion extending into the lake at its south end. Teneriffe’s original well house is reportedly located near the head of the smaller lake, on the east side of Oak Gate Drive. CUB RUN 101, 111, 121, 151 Cub Run NC-B (4) Four one- and one-and-a-half-story contemporary frame houses have complex rooflines and multiple exterior materials. Two houses were built in 1989 and 1992, and the other two were built in 2006-2007. MOUNTAIN LAKE DRIVE 13-59 Mountain Lake Dr. NC-B (13) Thirteen houses in the Flat Rock Lakes subdivision built in early 1990s, some built in early 2000s. Large one- and two-story frame houses with multiple exterior materials such as stone or brick veneer or weatherboard siding. MOUNTAIN SPRING DRIVE 6, 11, 14, 15, 22, 23 Mountain Spring Drive NC-B (6) Six houses in the Flat Rock Lakes subdivision built between 1981 and 2005. One- and two-story Neotraditional and contemporary residences with multiple exterior finishes. OAK GATE DRIVE 14, 15, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 42, 47, 48, 52, 59, 63, 64, 67, 68, 71, 72 Oak Gate Drive NC-B (18) Eighteen houses in the Flat Rock Lakes subdivision built between 1988 and 2003. Typically large, onestory houses with hip roofs and multiple exterior materials, including stone or brick veneer and weatherboard NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 340 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC siding. TREELINE DRIVE 10, 11, 14, 15, 19 Treeline Drive NC-B (5) Five houses within the Flat Rock Lakes subdivision built in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Large oneand two-story residences with brick veneer, vinyl siding, and wood sheathing. FOREST MANOR AT DUNROY SUBDIVISION Developed on the south and southeast portions of the Dunroy estate. DUNROY DRIVE 825-973 Dunroy Drive NC-B (14) Fourteen houses built in 2000s Forest Manor at Dunroy, which is within the Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision. The houses are one- and one-and-a-half-story with front porches, gable roofs, and one and two car garages on the front elevation. Lots are less than one acre. SOUTH KUYKENDALL COURT 15, 23, 31, 43, 60, 65, 66 South Kuykendall Court NC-B (7) Seven cottages located within Forest Manor at Dunroy Subdivision. One- and two-story residences built in 2000s with multiple exterior materials, gable roofs, and one and two car garages on the front elevation. PHEASANT BRANCH COURT 10 Pheasant Branch Court NC-B One house within Forest Manor at Dunroy subdivision. Built in 2005, the house is a one-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional with multiple exterior materials and front-gable roof. GARDEN HAMLET AT HIGHLAND LAKE SUBDIVISION NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 341 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC LILY PAD LANE 71-73 Lily Pad Lane, 2003 NC-B One-story frame duplex with a hip roof and intersecting front gable has hardieplank siding and one-overone double-hung windows. RHETT DRIVE 28-204 Rhett Drive NC-B (17) Seventeen one- and two-story board-and-batten houses and duplexes built between 2003 and 2007 as part of the Garden Hamlet at Highland Lake development. The residences at #32-34, #114-116, and #134-136 were built as duplex units. WATERLILY DRIVE 17, 21, 23, 29, 35, 41, 45, 85 Waterlily Drive NC-B (8) Eight one- and two-story frame houses with board-and-batten siding that were built between 2003 and 2006 as part of the Garden Hamlet at Highland Lake development. HIGHLAND LAKE VILLAGE AVONLEA LANE 12, 16, 24, 28, 40, 44, 60, 66, 74 Avonlea Lane NC-B (9) Nine one-story Craftsman style houses within Highland Lake Village subdivision with Hardieplank siding and one- and two-car attached garages built between 2002 and 2005. BUNGALOW LANE 35, 42, 45, 55, 56, 63, 64, 71, 72, 80, 83, 86 Bungalow Lane NC-B (12) Twelve one- and two-story Craftsman style houses within Highland Lake Village subdivision with Hardieplank siding, built between 2001 and 2003. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 342 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC COVERED BRIDGE DRIVE 31-248 Covered Bridge Drive NC-B (25) Twenty five one-, one-and-a-half-, and two-story Craftsman style houses and townhouses within Highland Lake Village subdivision with Hardieplank siding, built between 2001 and 2006. HALFTIMBER LANE 18, 21, 26, 33, 36, 41, 44, 48, 57 Halftimber Lane NC-B (9) Nine one- and one-and-a-half-story Craftsman style houses within Highland Lake Village subdivision with Hardieplank siding, porches, and one- and two-car attached garages, built between 2005 and 2006. SOUTH INGLENOOK LANE 13, 27, 35, 45, 48, 58, 68, 80, 90, 96, 106 South Inglenook Lane NC-B (11) Eleven one-story Craftsman style houses within Highland Lake Village subdivision with Hardieplank siding, porches, and garages attached at the rear, built between 2005 and 2006. OLMSTED LANE 28-102 Olmsted Lane NC-B (14) Fourteen one-, one-and-a-half-, and two-story Craftsman style houses within Highland Lake Village subdivision with one- and two-car attached garages and porches, built between 2002 and 2003. STEPPING STONE LANE 1, 16, 24 Stepping Stone Lane NC-B (3) Three one- and two-story Craftsman-infleunced houses, built in 2000 and 2002, have side-gable and hip roofs, Hardieplank siding, porches, and garages at the rear. TOWN CIRCLE 11, 21, 31, 41 Town Circle NC-B (4) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 343 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Four residences within Highland Lake Village subdivision built in 2000. Three one-story Craftsman style houses and one two-story Neo-traditional house. VILLAGE GREENWAY 67-478 Village Greenway NC-B (39) Thirty nine one-, one-and-a-half-, and two-story Craftsman style houses and townhouses within Highland Lake Village subdivision with Hardieplank siding. KALIMAR HEIGHTS SUBDIVISION Small subdivision off Rutledge Drive between Trenholm Woods and Dunroy on Rutledge subdivisions. KALIMAR HEIGHTS 12, 33 Kalimar Heights NC-B (2) Two houses within Kalimar Heights subdivision include a one-story frame Ranch house built in 1992 and a two-story Neo-traditional brick house, built in 2000. KING CREEK PRESERVE SUBDIVISION Small subdivision off Greenville Highway that was platted in 2010. KING CREEK PRESERVE LANE 24, 51, 83, 92, 124, 144, 161 King Creek Preserve Lane NC-B (7) Seven one- and one-and-a-half-story houses border the southern edge of Embrook (93 Embrook Lake Drive). The eclectic houses typically have hip roofs and multiple exterior siding materials including stone, Hardieplank, weatherboards, and bark shingles. LAKE COVE AT HIGHLAND LAKE This small subdivision, also known as “South,” is part of the larger Highland Lake development and consists of fifteen lots located on a single street that terminates at a cul-de-sac. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 344 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC LAKE COVE ROAD 60, 61, 69, 91, 97, 107, 110, 115, 122, 127, 131 Lake Cove Road NC-B (11) Eleven one- and two-story frame houses built between 2006 and 2009, with the majority of houses built in 2007. The houses in the heavily wooded development are rendered in a modern Arts-and-Craftsinfluenced style and often feature wood shingle or board-and-batten siding. PINECREST ESTATES SUBDIVISION The following streets and modern houses were added to the wooded landscape of the Pinecrest estate along West Blue Ridge Road in the 1980s. EAST PINECREST DRIVE 100, 101, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111 East Pinecrest Drive NC-B (7) Seven one-story brick Ranch houses and two-story Neo-traditional frame houses built in the early 1980s. PINECREST ESTATES DRIVE 100, 104 Pinecrest Estates NC-B (2) Two one-story brick Ranch houses built in 1983 and 1986, respectively. WEST BLUE RIDGE ROAD 1028, 1030 W. Blue Ridge Road NC-B (2) Two one-story brick Ranch houses that are part of Pinecrest Estates subdivision face West Blue Ridge Road, built in 1989 and 1983, respectively. WEST PINECREST DRIVE 102, 106, West Pinecrest Drive NC-B (2) The one-story contemporary frame house with a large A-frame entrance bay at 102 W. Pinecrest Drive NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 345 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC was built in 1981. The house at 106 W. Pinecrest Drive is a one-and-a-half-story Neo-traditional frame dwelling erected in 1997. PLEASANT HILL SUBDIVISION Developed on estate of Pleasant Hill OLD TOWN WAY 1505, 1511, 1520, 1530, 1531, 1541, 1550 Old Town Way NC-B (7) Seven one- and two-story houses built on a cul-de-sac; part of Old Town Way is part of the Woodhaven subdivision. The houses are variations of Ranch and Neo-traditional style dwellings with frame and brick veneer siding. PATRIOTS DRIVE 1408, 1410, 1420, 1425, 1430, 1435, Patriots Drive NC-B (6) Six houses on a cul-de-sac that were built between 1992 and 1997, with the exception of two houses built in the early 2000s. They are predominantly one- and one-and-a-half-story brick-veneer residences with hip roofs. TRANQUILITY SUBDIVISION Richard Sauer platted the Tranquility subdivision in the 1970s on the former grounds of Edward Read Memminger’s Tranquility, which remains today on an eight-acre lot at 155 Tranquility Place. The subdivision is laid out along a single, looping street with spacious lots, set back requirements, and dense woods. TRANQUILITY PLACE 100, 105, 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, 170, 175, 180, 190, 195, 200, 210, 225, 230, 240, 250, 255, 260, 270, 275, 280, 290 Tranquility Place NC-B (24) Twenty-five houses on large, wooded lots subdivided from Tranquility’s original estate. The majority of residences are one-story brick-veneer Ranch houses or two-story Neo-traditional dwellings that date from the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 346 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 1970s and 1980s. TRENHOLM WOODS SUBDIVISION CITADEL LANE 4, 8, 9 Citadel Lane NC-B (4) Three residences built in 2000, 1981, 1997, respectively, in Trenholm Woods subdivision. Multi-story contemporary frame houses on lots exceeding two acres in size. Nine Citadel Lane is covered with stucco and has a detached stuccoed garage and guest house with a separate address (#11). CONNEMARA OVERLOOK 59, 116, 135, 203, 348 Connemara Overlook NC-B (5) Five houses in Trenholm Woods subdivision. Houses are one- and two-story Neo-traditional style clad in brick veneer and vinyl, built between 1998 and 2008. EXCALIBUR COURT 19, 30, 33 Excalibur Court NC-B (3) Three two-story Neo-traditional frame houses in Trenholm Woods subdivision built in the 1990s. HICKORY RIDGE TRAIL 61 Hickory Ridge Trail NC-B One-story brick veneer Ranch house in Trenholm Woods subdivision, built in 1983. EAST MEMMINGER COURT 50, 54 East Memminger Court NC-B (2) Two one- and two-story brick veneer Neo-traditional houses in Trenholm Woods subdivision, both built in 1995. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 347 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC PERSEVERANCE PATHWAY 29, 33, 35, 36, 45 Perseverance Pathway NC-B (5) Five large, one- and two-story Neo-traditional residences with brick or stone veneer exteriors within Trenholm Woods subdivision built in 1980s and 1990s. TRENHOLM WOODS DRIVE 30, 39, 40, 45 Trenholm Woods Drive NC-B (5) Four large two-story Neo-traditional houses on large lots built in late 1980s and early 1990s. The rambling one-story frame house on a full basement at 40 Trenholm Woods was built in 2009 and has a detached frame garage (38 Trenholm Wooods Drive). VILLAS OF SINGLETON CENTRE Laid out in 2006, this small subdivision consists of twelve lots located on a single street. LINDA ANN DRIVE 14, 46, 64, 81, 97, 109, 154 Linda Ann Drive NC-B (7) Seven modern one-and-a-half-story houses built between 2006 and 2008. The most recent house (#154) was completed in 2013. INVENTORY LIST – BOUNDARY INCREASE The following inventory entries list those properties included in the Boundary Increase areas located around the outside of the existing district boundary. Properties in the Boundary Increase include both historic resources that contribute to the significance of the district and areas of additional acreage and historically undeveloped land. The additional acreage is included in the Boundary Increase by delineating the boundaries to the full extent of tax parcels that contain contributing historic resource but were previously divided by the existing boundary line. The Boundary Increase areas that record only additional acreage are listed by their parcel number. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 348 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC WEST BLUE RIDGE ROAD Parcel No. 1014944 [PIN 9577506615] The eastern portion of the tract associated with Bonnie Brae at 1090 West Blue Ridge Road that was divided by the arbitrary boundary line of the original district nomination. A small amount of wooded acreage is being added to the district by following the tax parcel lines. EAST BOXWOOD LOOP Parcel No. 9972905 [PIN 9576595257] Portions of the tract associated with Boxwood at 14 East Boxwood Loop that were divided by the arbitrary boundary line of the original district nomination. The increase includes open pasture land and a meandering creek by extending the boundary to the full extent of the residual parcel associated with the Boxwood estate. CARL SANDBURG LANE Parcel No. 9906918 [PIN 9577002685] The southwestern portion of the tract associated with the Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site (Connemara) at 554 Carl Sandburg Lane that was divided by the arbitrary boundary lines of the original district nomination. Additional wooded acreage around the peak of Glassy Mountain and its upper slopes is being added to the district by encompassing the full extent of the parcel associated with the federally-owned site. CLUBHOUSE DRIVE McCabe’s Lake and Spillway, ca. 1920 [Photo 22] C-S Clubhouse Drive The McCabes built an earth and stone dam across a tributary of King Creek to the south of Kenmure (100 Clubhouse Drive) to form a small, four-acre lake. A spillway at the east end of the dam flows into a concrete spillway that cascades over stone terraces to the northwest across the face of the dam. The spillway rejoins the natural channel of the stream below the house and flow north to its confluence with King Creek. The lake was available for use by the community through 1958. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 349 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC GLASSY MOUNTAIN DRIVE Parcel No. 9949966 [PIN 9567803445] The southernmost portion of this approximately thirty-three-acre wooded tract was divided by the arbitrary boundary line of the original district nomination. Accessible from Glassy Mountain Drive, the undeveloped property lies on the western slopes of Glassy Mountain and contains areas of exposed granite. GREENVILLE HIGHWAY Parcel No. 9094919 [PIN 9576564701] The eastern portion of the tract associated with Argyle at 3110 Greenville Highway that was divided by the arbitrary boundary line of the original district nomination. Additional wooded acreage is being added to the district by encompassing the full extent of the residual parcel associated with the Argyle estate. Parcel Nos. 1011945 / 1011946 [PINs 9576441655 / 9576432934] Portions of the tract associated with Rutledge Cottage at 3199 Greenville Highway that were divided by the arbitrary boundary line of the original district nomination. A small amount of wooded acreage is being added to the district by following the tax parcel lines. Schenck House, 2002 NC-B 3201 Greenville Highway Occupying a two-acre parcel on the grounds of Rutledge Cottage, this large two-story neo-traditionalstyle residence was built in 2002 by Alexander L. and Jane Craver Schenck, the son and daughter-in-law of the former owners of Rutledge Cottage (3199 Greenville Highway), Alexander F. and Laurinda Schenck. The side-gable frame dwelling is enlivened with numerous decorative gables and dormers. The house rests on a brick foundation and is clad with vinyl. Windows are typically nine-over-nine and six-over-six doublehung sash. A two-bay garage is incorporated into the first story of the house. KANUGA ROAD NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 350 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Pinebrook, ca. 1919, ca. 1945 [Photo 21] C-B 2701 Kanuga Road Pinebrook is a stately two-story stone and frame Colonial Revival-style house situated at the head of a wide grass lawn and loop driveway. The house is constructed of irregularly-coursed granite on the first story and decorative half-timbering and stucco on the second story. The six-bay façade features a full-height columned portico, decorative front-gable end bay, polygonal bay window, and single-leaf entry flanked by sidelights. An exterior stone end chimney rises against the west elevation with a one-story gable-roof wing projecting beyond. The house has a two-story gable-roof rear ell, two stuccoed chimney flues on the rear elevation, a one-story hip-roof addition on the rear ell, and six-over-six double-hung sash. An attached flatroof sunroom was added at the northwest corner in the 1940s. Built on top of an existing stone terrace, the sunroom is enclosed with a low stone wall and glazed areas composed of large plate-glass windows and metal-frame casements. Pinebrook occupies a residual 4.5-acre parcel that features a wooded area between the house and Kanuga Road, stone wall bordering the road, tree-lined entrance drive, and well-maintained planting beds and open grass lawns. An Olympic-size swimming pool was built to the rear (north) of the house at some point. The pool was filled in the early 2000s and a formal rose garden laid out on top of the site. The property was originally part of the Beaumont estate (72 Beaumont Drive), located a short distance to the south, and, according to the current owners, approximately thirty acres were given to a daughter in the late nineteenth century. The house, however, is believed to have been built around 1919 by W. A. and Blanche Reynolds of Charlotte, who purchased the property from the Chenoweth family of Pennsylvania (Deed 104/132). The Reynolds sold the property, which had been valued at $1,560 in 1909, to Alfred W. and Leslie Wheeler for $18,000 in 1927 (Deeds 63/100 and 175/212). Alfred Wheeler worked his way up in the textile industry to become an executive and owner of a hosiery mill in Brevard, where the Wheelers moved after selling the property to Ivor R. Pardee in 1944 (Deed 251/303). Pardee donated $100,000 given to him by his aunt, Margaret R. Pardee, to help construct a new seventy-bed hospital in Hendersonville, which was completed in 1953. Ivor and Jane Pardee and their two daughters, Patricia and Margaret, resided at Pinebrook, and sold the house in the 1980s. Melanie and Graham MacPherson currently own the house, which they operate as a bed-and-breakfast inn known as Pinebrook Manor. 108 A Guest House, 2703 Kanuga Road, 1958 C-B Located to the west of the main house, the one-story side-gable frame guest house sits on a concrete foundation and is covered with weatherboards. The unadorned dwelling displays an interior brick chimney, exposed rafter tails, replacement one-over-one windows, and a central single-leaf entry door composed of nine lights over two panels. An elevated wood deck is attached at the rear of the house. 108 Ruscin 2013, 188-189. Graham MacPherson, interview with author, June 2014. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 351 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC B Garden pavilion, ca. 2005 NC-B Located at the east end of the rose garden, the pavilion is a small temple-front frame building with a concrete block foundation, asbestos shingle siding, fluted columns, four- and six-light sash, single-leaf entry door, and a boxed hip-roof cupola. C Shelter, ca. 2005 NC-S The one-story gable-roof frame shelter is located at the western edge of the property. The timber frame structure has exposed roof trusses, sawn brackets, and a concrete floor and front terrace. The north side of the shelter is enclosed with a stone-veneer wall and fireplace. A stone chimney rises above the roof slope. D Gateposts, ca. 1917 C-O Stone gateposts with raised mortar joints stand at the front entrance on Kanuga Road and mark the beginning of the drive to the house. The posts are flanked by curving stone walls with smaller posts located at the edge of the roadway. LIBBY HOME LANE Parcel No. 9963547 [PIN 9566691961] The southern portion of the tract associated with House at 224 Libby Home Lane that was divided by the arbitrary boundary line of the original district nomination. A small amount of wooded acreage is being added to the district by following the tax parcel lines. LITTLE RIVER ROAD Parcel No. 9094919 [PIN 9576564701] The southern portion of the undeveloped parcel assigned the address 2547 Little River Road was divided by the arbitrary boundary line of the original district nomination. Lying on the north side of Little River Road, the wooded tract wraps around the north and west sides of the parcel associated with Hemlocks at 2533 Little River Road and is owned by members of the Sealy family. House, 1906 2558 Little River Road C-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 352 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC One-story, side-gable frame house has a three-bay façade, exterior brick end chimney, and an attached full-width shed-roof porch, which is carried on square wood posts with a simple wood balustrade. The house is covered with German siding and displays exposed rafter tails and four-over-one double-hung sash windows. Paired windows flank the central single-leaf entry door on the façade. A shed-roof carport is attached on the west elevation of the house. A one-story ell with two-over-two sash windows extends to the rear with an enclosed shed-roof porch attached at the rear of the ell. A Equipment Shed, ca. 1950 C-B Tall one-story four-bay frame shed is enclosed on three sides and has an attached shed-roof extension on the south side. The metal-clad shed roof has a front overhang that shelters the square wood posts and diagonal brackets defining the equipment bays. B Guest House, 1976 NC-B One-story brick-veneer Ranch house features a prominent façade chimney, single-leaf entry width single sidelight, and two-light sliding windows. The gable ends are covered with paneled wood sheathing. A shed-roof screened porch is attached at the rear. House, ca. 1930, ca. 2000 [Photo 23] C-B 2580 Little River Road One-story front-gable Rustic Revival-style log house rests on a stone foundation and is capped by a metal roof. The house is constructed with saddle-notched logs and features weatherboards in the gable ends, exposed rafter tails, interior brick chimney, and six-over-six double-hung sash windows. An attached frontgable porch has a stone floor and is supported by paired log posts. The porch shelters a replacement multilight entry door. A gable-roof hyphen at the rear connects to a one-story side-gable frame wing that was constructed in the early 2000s. Covered with board-and-batten siding, the rear wing sits on a wood post foundation and has an attached screened porch on the west elevation. The rear wing displays similar finishes as the main house. A Guest House, ca. 1930 C-B Located on the edge of the woods to the west of the main house, the one-story side-gable frame dwelling is covered with board-and-batten siding and is capped with a metal roof. The house has a stone foundation, interior brick chimney, rough plank siding in the gable ends, and a wood deck attached on the south elevation. The structure is enlarged with shed extensions to the front and rear, including a screened front porch and enclosed rear section. The windows appear to be primarily four-light fixed sash windows and six-light casements. A twelve-light window box has been added on the south elevation. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 353 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC B Shed #1, ca. 1930 C-B Located to the southwest of the main house, the one-story single-pen frame shed is covered with board-and-batten siding and is capped by a asphalt-shingle front-gable roof. Resting on a stone foundation, the building has exposed rafter tails and the roof projects forward to shelter a single-leaf solid-wood door to the interior. C Privy, ca. 1930 C-B Located at the edge of the woods to the south of the main house, a shed-roof frame privy is covered with board-and-batten siding and metal roofing. The deteriorating structure has exposed roof members and a single-leaf solid-wood door. D Shed #2, ca. 1930 C-B A one-story single-pen frame shed stands alongside an unpaved road that leads south from the house to the wooded southern portion of the property. Resting on a stone pier foundation, the building has a metal-clad shed roof, exposed rafters, and vertical plank siding. E Corn Crib, ca. 1930 C-B A deteriorated single-pen frame corn crib has a metal-clad shed roof and wood slat sides. House, 1980 NC-B 2581 Little River Road One-story L-shaped brick-veneer Ranch house occupies a sloping site that exposes a full basement with a one-bay garage on the west elevation. A two-car garage wing on the façade frames an inset porch that is carried on turned wood posts and shelters a single-leaf entry with sidelights. A Tractor Shed, 1982 NC-B A one-story shed-roof frame tractor shed is located to the west of the house. The five-bay structure is enclosed with board-and-batten siding on three sides and has two open bays and three bays with singleleaf barn doors. An enclosed storage area at the north end has a single eight-light window. House, 1982 NC-B 2701 Little River Road One-story side-gable Ranch house displays Tudor Revival style influences with decorative stucco and half-timbered bays, along with brick veneer. The house has three-part casement windows and a two-car NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 354 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC garage wing entered through a paneled wooden overhead door. A circular loop driveway passes in front of the house and is bordered by a brick retaining wall with steps leading to the house. A Guest House, 1982 NC-B Located to the northeast of the main house, the one-story front-gable frame structure appears to be a small guest house, or rental house, with an engaged garage. The building is clad with T-111 siding on the main level and has stucco with decorative battens to emulate the Tudor Revival inspiration of the main house. The windows are one-over-one double-hung sash windows. House, ca. 1955 C-B 2702 Little River Road One-story L-shaped frame Ranch house that sits on a full basement exposed at the rear and is covered with asbestos shingle siding, interior and exterior brick chimneys, exposed rafter tails, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. The house has a brick veneer apron on a portion of the north elevation, as well as the south and west sides, which also exhibit board-and-batten siding. A large twelve-light picture window is located on the west elevation. An enclosed gable-roof porch wing projects to the south and is supported on concrete block piers and foundation walls. The porch has board-and-batten siding, storm windows, and an attached open shed porch at the rear. The basement windows are multi-light metal-frame casements. A Shed #1, ca. 1930 C-B One-story front-gable frame shed covered with German siding and capped with a corrugated metal roof. The structure is entered at grade on the front with the rear overhanging a steep bank and supported on pole log posts. B Workshop/Shed, ca. 1955 C-B Long, one-story side-gable frame building features a metal roof, interior brick chimney, single-leaf door on the long elevation, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. It is covered with plywood sheathing and has weatherboards in the gable end, except for the southwest elevation, which is covered with vertical boards and has a two-light louvered window. C Shed #2, ca. 1955 C-B One-story single-pen frame shed with a metal roof, exposed rafter tails, board-and-batten siding, concrete block pier foundation, and a single-leaf solid wood door. D Animal Pen, ca. 1955 C-S NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 355 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Located in a fenced pasture to the south of the house, the shed-roof frame structure is covered with plywood sheathing and connected to a partially-enclosed gable-roof pen. MIDDLETON ROAD Parcel No. 9938078 [PIN 9567123789] The northeastern portion of an open tract of land lying on the northwest side of Mud Creek and Middleton Road was divided by an arbitrary straight line boundary of the original district nomination. The additional acreage, consisting of low-lying agricultural fields, is being added to the district by following the tax parcel lines. [Photo 24] NELSON VALLEY DRIVE House, ca. 1917 C-B 121 Nelson Valley Drive Originally used as the caretaker’s house for neighboring Pinebrook (2701 Kanuga Road), the simple oneand-a-half-story front-gable house has a stone foundation, weatherboard siding, exposed rafter tails, and an interior brick chimney. The windows are typically replacement one-over-one sash with the notable exception of the original two one-over-one double-hung windows in the front gable end. An attached one-story shedroof porch wraps around the front (west) and north sides of the house. It is supported by square wood posts with a simple wood balustrade and a brick pier foundation. The porch appears to be either a later addition to the house or possibly replaced an earlier porch. A Shed, ca. 1935 C-B One-story side-gable frame shed stands to the east of the house at the edge of grass lawn. The building contains one open bay and one enclosed bay. It is covered with weatherboards and has a metal roof, exposed rafter tails, and a single-leaf five-panel door on the enclosed section. OAK GATE DRIVE 6, 11 Oak Gate Drive NC-B (2) Two houses located at the entrance to the Flat Rock Lakes subdivision were built in 2003 and 1988 respectively. The frame dwellings have stone veneer, weatherboards, and Hardieplank siding, front porches, and attached garage wings. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 356 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC OLD WHISKEY CREEK LANE Parcel No. 9972850 [PIN 9566686917] The southern portion of the tract associated with Hisey Place at 110 Old Whiskey Creek Lane that was divided by the arbitrary boundary line of the original district nomination. Additional wooded acreage on the southwestern slopes of Glassy Mountain is being added to the district by encompassing the full extent of the residual parcel associated with the Hisey Place property. Parcel No. 9949967 [PIN 9566794701] The southern portion of this twenty-acre wooded tract to the east of the Hisey Place (110 Old Whiskey Creek Lane) was divided by the arbitrary boundary lines of the original district nomination. Accessible from the parcel containing Hisey Place, the property is owned by the same family and contains exposed granite outcroppings on the western slopes of Glassy Mountain. RUTLEDGE DRIVE Hemlocks, ca. 1908 [Photo 19] C-B 455 Rutledge Drive The simple one-story, side-gable, frame dwelling is covered with weatherboards and features a four-bay façade, plain corner boards, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows. The house rests on a foundation of stone and brick piers with a few later concrete block piers for additional support. An interior brick chimney displays a corbelled cap. An attached shed-roof porch on the façade is carried on square wood posts and screened above a solid wood balustrade. An attached shed-roof porch on the rear elevation is partially screened and enclosed with weatherboards. The house is believed to have been built around 1908, following a fire that destroyed an earlier structure on this site. Rebecca Markham Jones purchased the three-acre property (currently 2.4 acres) in 1905 for $350. Following a quick succession of owners in 1925, Edward Rutledge Pinckney (1869-1954) of Charleston acquired the property in September of that year. Following his death, the house passed to his wife, Louise Cleveland Pinckney (1892-1981), and two daughters, Elizabeth Rutledge “Elise” Pinckney and Sarah Pinckney Ambler. In 2008, Historic Flat Rock, Inc. purchased the property, rehabilitated the house, and sold it to Neal and Mary Satterfield with a preservation agreement in place. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 357 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A Garage, 1908 C-B The detached garage is a one-story front-gable frame structure with weatherboard siding, standingseam metal roof, exposed rafter tails, and double-leaf wood doors. Edney House, ca. 1924 C-B 635 Rutledge Drive One-story front-gable Craftsman bungalow is constructed of frame and covered with weatherboards. The house features an exterior brick chimney on the façade, side-gable bays, and an engaged full-width porch, which is supported by square wood posts and has a simple wood balustrade. The windows are replacement six-over-six double-hung sash. A wood deck is attached on the west elevation, and a one-story frame addition and two-car garage wing have been added on the west elevation and at the rear. The property is extensively landscaped with boxwoods lining the driveway on the east side of the house and an alley of hydrangeas along the driveway on the north side of the house. A small formal garden is located on the west side of the house, and small arbor is covered with flowering vines. The majority of the five-acre tract to the rear of the house is left in its natural, wooded state. J. Fonsie Edney built this house around 1924, and moved here from an earlier house he had built across the road (620 Rutledge Drive). Walker House, ca. 1900, ca. 1940, ca. 2005 [Photo 20] C-B 647 Rutledge Drive The house is a one-story cross-gable frame dwelling with a prominent front-gable wing that occupies a landscaped site with extensive foundation plantings and a short loop driveway that circles in front of the house. The façade and northwest side elevation of the house are covered with large wood shingles, but the southeast and rear (northeast) elevations are covered with weatherboards. Resting on a brick foundation, the house features interior brick chimneys, façade picture window, and eight-over-eight double-hung sash windows. A recessed entrance bay contains a single-leaf six-panel door framed by multi-light sidelights and a transom. An attached hip-roof porch on the southeast elevation overlooks a small grass lawn dominated by a large red maple tree. A shed-roof one-bay carport, which is enclosed on the rear with wood shingles, is attached to the northwest side of the house; an shed-roof extension covered with board-and-batten siding projects to the rear of the carport. On the rear elevation, a new front-gable porch has been constructed that abuts a gable-roof rear wing. The porch is carried on slender columns and exhibits an exposed roof structure, wood shingles on the gable end, and a simple wood balustrade. Stone steps from the screened porch lead to a circular stone patio lying to the east of the house. The property is generally bordered on the east and north NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 358 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC sides by stands of bamboo, and the front of the property along Rutledge Drive displays a running wood fence with cross-braces. A Shed, ca. 1940 C-S Small one-story structure constructed of irregularly-coursed stone and capped by wood-shingle frontgable roof. A single-leaf solid wood door is located on the south gable end. B Guest House, 649 Rutledge Drive, ca. 1940, ca. 2005 C-B A one-story gable-roof frame guest house is located at the rear of the property and overlooks a meandering creek. The small house rests on a stone foundation and is covered with wood shingles. It features an exterior stone chimney, an asphalt-shingle roof, demi-lune attic windows, exposed rafter tails, and six-over-six double-hung sash. Single-leaf multi-light entry doors are located both the northwest and southeast side elevations. A large front-gable screened porch has been attached to the façade with a small, uncovered deck to the side that features a log balustrade. A shed-roof addition at the rear (southwest) exhibits a metal roof, wood shingle siding, exposed rafter tails, and bands of six-light casement windows. C Fireplace, ca. 1940 C-O Situated to the west of the guest house, an outdoor fireplace is built into a semicircular stone wall and features cast-iron cook stove and squat stone chimney. SCENIC DRIVE Tomb of Roger Richardson Hill, 1927 C-B 99 Scenic Drive A one-story granite mausoleum built for the interment of Roger Richardson Hill. The ashlar stone structure is sixteen feet by fourteen feet and ten feet tall. It is capped by a slate-covered front-gable roof. The entrance is composed of tall vertical stones resembling columns with a projecting capital. The single stone lintel above the doorway is inscribed with “Hill.” The original bronze entry door was vandalized, so it was removed and the entrance sealed with stone. A bronze plaque flanking the entrance reads: "Roger Richardson Hill, Born Saginaw, Michigan, December 13, 1882, Died El Paso, Texas, January 1, 1927.” Two corbelled courses of stone are located above the main wall height, which extends from the bottom of the door lintel. The tomb site is surrounded by a cast iron fence and ten stone pillars. Roger Richardson Hill came to Henderson County in the spring of 1926, sick with tuberculosis, and bought eighty-five acres on top of Glassy Mountain. Hill lived in a tent for six months in the summer and fall of 1926 in an attempt to improve his health. His physician recommended Hill move to Texas for the dry air, NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 359 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC and he died there a few months later. In his will he deeded to himself, in perpetuity, five acres of land on top of Glassy Mountain with directions for the construction of a granite mausoleum and his burial there. Before his death he had rock piled in the spot where it was to be built. The granite is said to have been quarried nearby. Hill left money in a trust with the income to be used for the care and upkeep of the mausoleum. INVENTORY LIST – BOUNDARY DECREASE The following inventory entries list those properties included in the Boundary Decrease areas of the district. Properties in the Boundary Decrease have experienced a total loss of historic integrity that is typically the result of new construction and development. Removal of the Boundary Decrease areas from the district does not detract from the overall integrity and continuity of historic resources within the district. GLASSY LANE House, 1966 NC-B 101 Glassy Lane This one-story, side-gable, brick-veneer Ranch house is set back from the road on a heavily wooded lot. House, 1973 NC-B 111 Glassy Lane This one-story side-gable Ranch house has been altered with modern wood siding, new metal roof, stoneveneer apron, and replacement single-pane casements. An engaged partial-width porch is supported on square posts with simple diagonal brackets. An engaged two-car garage is entered through the north end elevation. NORTH HIGHLAND LAKE ROAD Commercial Building, 1990 [Photo 25] NC-B 398 N. Highland Lake Road One-story front-gable metal-frame commercial building is used as an auto repair shop. The building has a metal roof, metal siding, one-over-one windows on the façade, and a single garage bay entrance with a metal overhead door. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 360 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC LITTLE RIVER ROAD House, 1982 NC-B 2500 Little River Road One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame dwelling is covered with weatherboards and stone veneer on the façade. The house features two gabled dormers, set back side wings, engaged full-width porch, and an attached garage wing. House, 1995 NC-B 2504 Little River Road One-story side-gable frame house is covered with weatherboards and features a double front-gable wing with stone veneer and a polygonal bay window. The house has an interior chimney, engaged porch, eightover-eight double-hung sash, and a single-leaf entry door flanked by sidelights and topped by a blind fanlight. A Garage, 1995 NC-B A detached one-story side-gable frame garage with weatherboards and two gabled dormers stands to the west of the house House, 1978 NC-B 2506 Little River Road Two-story brick-veneer Neo-traditional house has a hip roof, brick quoins, arched first-story window openings, segmental-arch entry porch, and six-over-six windows. House, 1980 NC-B 2508 Little River Road One-story contemporary frame house with a steeply-pitched side-gable roof is covered with vertical wood siding on the first story and wood shingles on the gable ends. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 361 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC House, 1976 NC-B 2510 Little River Road One-story side-gable Ranch house has a brick and stone veneer exterior and exhibits a front-gable bay, interior brick chimney, double-leaf entry doors, and replacement one-over-one windows. House, 1958 C-B 2512 Little River Road One-story side-gable Ranch house has a brick-veneer exterior, front-gable bay, weatherboards in the gable ends, interior brick chimney, and replacement one-over-one windows. House, 1980 NC-B 2520 Little River Road One-story contemporary frame house is distinguished by an attached garage wing set at an angle to the main block, with the driveway passing directly in front of the house and terminating at the garage. The house has an asphalt-shingle side-gable roof and wood siding. PRESTON LANE Hillandale Elementary School, 2010 [Photo 26] NC-B 40 Preston Lane Opened fall 2010, this one-story brick and concrete block building replaced the older Hillandale Elementary School, located approximately 400 yards south of the new building. The school is generally composed of three parallel, front-gable wings capped by metal roofs. Flat Rock Junior High School, 1972 NC-B 191 Preston Lane Henderson County Schools built this large, one-story brick-veneer school building with metal parapets and decorative soldier-course brick banding as a junior high school in 1972. A flat-roof metal canopy NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 362 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC shelters a walkway extending the full width of the north elevation of the building. A gymnasium wing constructed at a later date projects to the west of the school. Land for the school was originally part of Pinecrest estate (114 E. Pinecrest Drive). In 1959, one hundred acres of Pinecrest were sold to Bonclarken, the Presbyterian assembly and conference grounds formed in 1921. Bonclarken began a steady pattern of expansion in the mid-1950s, with Pinecrest among its larger acquisitions. Bonclarken initially planned to sell twenty acres of the property for an expansion of the new Hillandale subdivision located across Blue Ridge Road on the north side. Instead, Bonclarken sold approximately fifty acres to the school system in 1963. The school tract included the large pasture, caretaker's bungalow, and several barns and other farm outbuildings, many since demolished. Located on the western half of the property, Flat Rock Junior High School was built after the original junior high school at the corner of Blue Ridge Road and Greenville Highway was set on fire by arsonists in 1970. Following a merger of the city and county schools in 1993, this building became Flat Rock Middle School. 109 (former) Hillandale Elementary School, 1963, 1965, 1975 NC-B 504 Preston Lane One-story, flat-roof brick school building composed of various blocks of various heights with a wing extending to the south. A flat-roof metal canopy shelters a walkway along the east elevation of the building. Three portable classrooms are located to the rear (southwest) of the school. It was taken out of service in 2010 when the new elementary school immediately to the north opened. The school system currently uses building for storage. Hillandale Elementary School was constructed in 1963, with additions built in 1965 and 1975. The school was erected on lands that were, in fact, a marshy part pasture formerly belonging to the Pinecrest estate. In 2004, the school board discovered the unstable soil conditions were affecting the school building. 110 ROCKY FORD ROAD Parcel No. 1014948 [PIN 9576699841] The western portion of the tract associated with the house at 140 Rocky Ford Road was divided by the 109 Murdock, 95-97. George Alexander Jones, ed., The Heritage of Henderson County, North Carolina, Volume I, 1985 (WinstonSalem, NC: Hunter Publishing in conjunction with Henderson County Genealogical and Historical Society, 1985), 16-18. 110 Hendersonville Times-News (March 20, 2005). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 363 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC arbitrary boundary line of the original district nomination. The small amount of wooded acreage is being removed from the district to follow the tax parcel lines of the adjacent Boxwood (14 E. Boxwood Loop) and Bonnie Brae (1090 W. Blue Ridge Road) estates. SUBDIVISIONS BEAUMONT ESTATES SUBDIVISION BEAUMONT DRIVE 30, 35, 39 Beaumont Drive [Photo 27, 35 Beaumont Drive] NC-B (3) Three houses in Beaumont subdivision built in 1988, 1997, and 2003, respectively. They are one- and one-and-a-half-story brick veneer and frame Ranch or Neo-traditional style houses. CONDE PLACE House, 1993 NC-B 201 Conde Place One-and-a-half-story side-gable frame house with three gabled front dormers has an engaged one-story porch that wraps around three sides of the house. RACINE PLACE 103, 104, 105 Racine Place NC-B (3) Three one-story brick-veneer Ranch and Neo-traditional houses built between 1992 and 1997. RIVOLI BOULEVARD 12, 20 Rivoli Boulevard Two, one-story brick Ranch houses built between 1984 and 1989. VALOIS PLACE NC-B (2) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 364 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 2, 6 Valois Place NC-B (2) A one-story side-gable brick Ranch house was built in 1985, and a one-story side-gable frame Ranch house was built in 1992. BERWICK DOWNS A private gated-community developed to the north of the Kenmure subdivision. Begun in 2008, the subdivision contains 38 lots. SHIPMAN PARKWAY [Photo 28] 197, 278, 328, 367, 492 Shipman Parkway NC-B (5) Three houses built after 2009 and two houses under construction. The three completed residences are one-and-a-half-story frame structures with multiple exterior materials and multi-gable roofs. CHANTELOUP COUNTRY ESTATES CHANTICLEER LANE 58, 114 Chanticleer Lane NC-B (2) Two one-story hip-roof brick-veneer houses built in 1982 and 2002, respectively. ESTATE DRIVE 204, 208, 212, 216, 220, 221, 227, 228, 231, 234, 235, 403, 406 Estate Drive NC-B (13) Thirteen residences within Chanteloup Country Estates subdivision built in the 1970s and 1980s, with one house being constructed in 2007. The majority are one- and two-story contemporary Ranch houses clad with stone or wood. SULTANA DRIVE 25 Sultana Drive NC-B NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 365 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Two-story Neo-traditional frame house with a side-gable roof, hardieplank siding, an attached one-story shed-roof porch, and an attached one-story garage wing was built in 2001. TARA PLACE 132, 133 Tara Place NC-B (2) Two one-and-a-half- and two-story houses with brick-veneer or wood siding, built in the 1970s. CLAREMONT SUBDIVISION CLAREMONT DRIVE 1, 3, 4, 5 Claremont Drive NC-B (4) Four houses built along Claremont Drive near its entrance at Greenville Highway. The one- and twostory Ranch and Neo-traditional houses are typically clad with brick veneer and weatherboards. RIDGEBOURNE WAY 4, 6, 8 Ridgebourne Way NC-B (3) Three one- and one-and-a-half-story frame houses built in 1989, 2003, and 2008. The eclectic style houses are finished with weatherboards, Hardieplank, and brick veneer. WINDRUSH LANE 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 Windrush Lane NC-B (5) Five one-and-a-half- and two-story houses on a cul-de-sac. The majority of the residences are Ranch and Neo-traditional style houses executed with frame and brick veneer exteriors. The house at 3 Windrush Lane is an imposing stuccoed dwelling that attempts some Neoclassical details such as quoins and door entrablatures. DUNROY ON RUTLEDGE SUBDIVISION EAST BLACK BEAR COURT NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 366 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 30 East Black Bear Court NC-B One-story side-gable house built in 2012 has hardieplank siding and stone veneer, front shed dormers, and a two-bay garage wing. WEST BOBCAT COURT 19 West Bobcat Court NC-B One-story side-gable house built in 2005 has hardieplank siding and stone veneer, gabled front dormer, an attached shed-roof porch, and a two-bay garage wing. HIGH ROAD OVERLOOK 170, 188, 210, 250, 261, 265, 278, 292, 310, 320, 442, 451, 452 High Road Overlook NC-B (13) Thirteen one- and two-story houses and townhouses within Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision. Built between 2003 and 2012, the structures have multiple exterior materials and garages on the front elevations. TURKEY ROOST COURT 24, 29, 58 Turkey Roost Court NC-B (3) Three houses within the Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision, built in 2002, 2005, and 2007, respectively. Houses are one- and two-story dwellings with multi-gable roofs, stone veneer, and hardieplank siding. WILLIAMS MEADOW LOOP 24, 34, 48, 66, 113, 127, 167, 183, 191, 205, 206, 215, 216, 335 Williams Meadow Loop NC-B (14) Fourteen one- and two-story detached townhouses within the Dunroy on Rutledge subdivision built between 2002 and 2011. The residences have hardieplank siding and one- and two-car garages on the front elevations. KENMURE SUBDIVISION Developed around existing Kemure Estate. The main house has been converted into a Country Club, but the estate’s lawn and cultural landscape have been largely retained due to the golf course developed around NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 367 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC the house. The lake remains. BLOSSOM LANE 701, 703, 710, 712 Blossom Lane NC-B (4) Four townhouses within Kenmure subdivision built between 1998 and 2000. Townhouses are one-story with wood or Masonite siding with attached two-car garages. BLUFFVIEW LANE 111-117 Bluffview Lane NC-B Built in 1987, the two-story frame condominium building contains four units. It has a hip-roof, wood siding, exterior chimneys, inset porches, and polygonal bay windows. BROADMOOR DRIVE 104, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 118, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 132 Broadmoor Drive NC-B (16) Fifteen townhouses and one single-family dwelling built between 1993 and 2007 in the Kenmure subdivision. The townhouses are one-story front-gable dwellings with a brick foundation, brick foundations, attached hip-roof wings, and two-car garages. The house at 132 Broadmoor Drive is one-story frame dwelling with a gable-on-hip roof, wood siding, gable-on-hip attached entry porch, and an attached hip-roof, two-car garage wing. BURNING TREE LANE 111-113, 121-127 Burning Tree Lane NC-B (2) Built in 1987, the two, 2-story frame condominium buildings contain six units and have side-gable roofs, wood siding, attached front-gable garage wings, inset porches, and polygonal bay windows. CANDLEWOOD LANE 500, 501, 502, 503, 505, 506, 507, 509, 511, 512 Candlewood Lane NC-B (10) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 368 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Ten townhouses within Kenmure subdivision built between 1997 and 2007. Townhouses are one-story with wood or Masonite siding and attached two-car garages. CHESTNUT WAY 20 Chestnut Way NC-B One house within Kenmure subdivision built in 2001. House is one-story Neo-traditional with clad in stucco with attached two-car garage. CLAYMOOR COURT 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220 Claymoor Court NC-B (6) Six townhouses within Kenmure subdivision, built between 1993 and 1994. Townhouses are one-story with wood or Masonite siding and two-car attached garages. COBBLESTONE LANE 508, 510, 512, 514, 530, 534 Cobblestone Lane NC-B (6) Six townhouses within Kenmure subdivision, built between 1993 and 1994. Townhouses are one-story with wood or Masonite siding and two-car attached garages. DAWNBROOK DRIVE 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336 Dawnbrook Drive NC-B (9) Nine townhouses within Kenmure subdivision, built between 1993 and 1994. Townhouses are one-story with wood or Masonite siding and two-car attached garages. FERN CREEK DRIVE 201-229 Fern Creek Drive NC-B (14) Fourteen townhouses within Kenmure subdivision, built between 1991 and 1992. Townhouses are onestory with wood siding and attached two-car garages. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 369 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC FOREST VIEW DRIVE 122, 124-126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 140 Forest View Drive NC-B (11) Ten one-story townhouses and a two-unit condominium built around 1990 within Kenmure subdivision. The one-story story buildings features gable-on-hip-roofs, wood siding, hip-roof garage wings, and a frontgable entry porch with a peaked entrance bay. GLENBURNIE LANE 151-153, 161-163, 171-173 Glenburnie Lane NC-B (3) Three modern one-story frame dwellings built between 1990 and 2000, with side-gable roofs, wood siding, tall front-gable entry porches and front-gable garage wings. Each building contains two residential units. GLENROY COURT 202, 203, 204 Glenroy Court NC-B (3) Three single-family dwellings were built in 1994 (202 and 203) and 2000 (204). The one-story frame houses have side-gable and hip roofs, wood and brick exterior materials, and attached garage wings. GOLFSIDE DRIVE 101-107, 201-209, 301-307 Golfside Drive NC-B (3) Built around 1988, three condominium buildings each contain four units. The two-story frame buildings are covered with wood siding and have hip-roofs, brick foundations, wood siding, inset porches, and attached gable-roof carports. HIGHVIEW LANE 100, 104, 106, 107, 109, 111 Highview Lane NC-B (6) Built in 1987, these six townhouses are one-and-a-half-story frame structures with side-gable roofs, NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 370 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC exterior chimneys, wood siding, and large plate-glass windows. INVERNESS COURT 309, 311, 313, 315 Inverness Court NC-B (4) Four condominiums within Kenmure subdivision built between 1992 and 1993. Townhouses are one-story with wood siding and attached two-car garages. IVY LANE 102, 103 Ivy Lane NC-B (2) Two houses within Kenmure subdivision built in 1991 and 2002, respectively. Houses are one-story contemporary Ranch style and Neo-traditional with wood siding with hip- and gable-end roofs. KENMURE DRIVE 109, 113 Kenmure Drive NC-B (2) Two large frame residences built in 1992 and 1991, respectively. The houses are one-and-a-half and twostory structures with brick veneer and wood siding. LEDGEMONT COURT 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416, 418, 428 Ledgemont Court NC-B (8) Eight townhouses within Kenmure subdivision, built between 1993 and 1995. The one-story frame buildings have wood or Masonite siding, hip roofs, and two-car attached garages. OVERLOOK DRIVE 102-168, 170-510 Overlook Drive NC-B (40) Forty townhouses and houses within Kenmure subdivision. Townhouses are one-story duplexes and stand-alone townhouses with wood siding and two-car attached garages, built between 1987 and 1993. Houses are one-story Contemporary style with wood siding and side-gable roofs, built between 1991 and 2002. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 371 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC PINEHOLT LANE 205, 206, 209, 211, 215 Pineholt Lane NC-B (5) Five houses within Kenmure subdivision built between 1992 and 2010. Houses are one- and two-story Ranch and Neo-traditional houses with brick-veneer or wood siding. RED MAPLE DRIVE 267, 272, 278 Red Maple Drive NC-B (3) Three houses within Kenmure subdivision in the 1990s. Houses are one- and two-story Ranch and Neotraditional houses with wood siding or brick- or stone-veneer. SCENIC DRIVE 103, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114, 116 Scenic Drive NC-B (9) Nine houses within Kenmure subdivision built between 1992 and 2003. Houses are one- and one-and-ahalf-story Ranch and Cape Cod houses with multiple exterior materials. SILENT RISE LANE 324, 325 Silent Rise Lane NC-B (2) Two houses within Kenmure subdivision built between 1989 and 2000. Houses are one- and one-and-ahalf-story Ranch and Neo-traditional houses with multiple exterior materials. SUNNY VIEW LANE 100-102, 104-106, 108-110, 112-114 Sunny View Lane NC-B (4) Four one-story condominiums within Kenmure subdivision with wood siding and attached garages built in 1989. TALL OAK LANE 104, 105, 106 Tall Oak Lane NC-B (3) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 372 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Three houses within Kenmure subdivision built between 1988 and 2006. Houses are one-, one-and-ahalf-, and two-story contemporary Ranch houses with wood siding and Neo-traditional houses with multiple exterior materials. TARNHILL DRIVE 100, 101, 104 Tarnhill Drive NC-B (3) Two houses within Kenmure subdivision built in 1983 and a third house built in 2005. The buildings are one-story contemporary Ranch houses with brick and stone veneer, weatherboards, and Hardieplank siding. WINDING MEADOWS DRIVE Office, 1989 NC-B 10 Winding Meadows Drive Built as an office for the property owners’ association of the Kenmure subdivision, the one-story multigable frame structure has a stuccoed foundation, weatherboard siding, and two-light fixed sash and singlepane casement windows. A gable-roof entry bay contains plate-glass gable windows above double-leaf glazed doors. 131-173 Winding Meadows Drive NC-B (22) Twenty two detached townhouses built in the 1980s in Kenmure subdivision. Situated on the south side of Winding Meadows Road, the townhouses are one-story with wood siding and attached two-car garages. 211-217, 219- 225 Winding Meadows Drive NC-B (3) Three, one-story multi-unit residential buildings compose the Vantage Point Condominiums. The buildings are one-story with wood siding and attached two-car garages. STONEBRIDGE SUBDIVISION NORTHERN LIGHTS LANE 58, 124, 162, 163 Northern Lights Lane NC-B (4) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 373 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Four houses in Stonebridge subdivision built in 1976, 2008, 1982, and 1978, respectively. The houses include a one-story brick-veneer Ranch, two-story Neo-Tudor, and two-story Neo-traditional residences clad with brick and vinyl. STONEBRIDGE DRIVE 105, 108, 109, 113, 116, 117, 125, 126, 129, 130, 134, 137, 138 Stonebridge Drive NC-B (13) Thirteen houses in Stonebridge subdivision built between 1983 and 2006. The residences include oneand two- story Neo-traditional brick-veneer houses, contemporary Ranch houses with multiple exterior materials, and wood-clad Cape Cods. TENERIFFE SUBDIVISION Developed on Teneriffe estate, the subdivision surrounds a two-acre lake. FALCON WOOD WAY 15, 30, 50 Falcon Wood Way NC-B (3) Three houses in Teneriffe subdivision built in 1994, 1986, 1999, respectively. The residences are a twostory Neo-traditional with multiple exterior materials, a one-story Cape Cod, and a one-story Ranch house clad in stone and wood. JACAMAR WAY 402-420 Jacamar Way NC-B (15) Fifteen houses in Teneriffe subdivision built in the 1980s. The majority of residences are contemporary Ranch houses with gable roofs and multiple exterior materials such as wood and stone. LITTLE RIVER ROAD 2451, 2501, 2503, 2505, 2507, 2509, 2511 Little River Road NC-B (7) Seven houses in Teneriffe subdivision built in the late 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, with one house being NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 374 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC constructed in 2008. The majority are one- and two-story Ranch houses with multiple exterior materials, including wood, stone, vinyl, and brick veneer. MIDDLETON ROAD 502, 504, 506, 508, 510, 512, 516 Middleton Road NC-B (7) Seven houses built between 1988 and 2000 on Middleton Road are part of Teneriffe subdivision. The houses are typically one-story Ranch style and Neo-traditional structures with a variety of exterior materials, including brick, vinyl, weatherboards, and wood shingles. PHEASANT RUN 100-222 Pheasant Run NC-B (18) Eighteen one- to two-story houses located within Teneriffe subdivision, and all were built in 1980s, with the exception of two houses (built 1994 and 2000.) The majority are contemporary Ranch houses with vertical wood siding and/or stone veneer. WOODHAVEN SUBDIVISION HERITAGE LANE 14, 16 Heritage Lane NC-B (2) Two houses built in the early 1980s on a short cul-de-sac. The residences are a one-story brick Ranch house and a two-story brick and half-timbered Tudor Revival-influenced split-level. LEGENDARY ROAD 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25 Legendary Road NC-B (12) Twelve houses built in the 1980s and 1990s on approximately one-acre lots on a long cul-de-sac. The houses are typically contemporary one-story brick and frame Ranch houses. LITTLE RIVER ROAD 4001-4057 Little River Road (N side) NC-B (15) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 375 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Twelve houses built on the north and northeast side of Little River Road from the late 1970s to the early 2000s. The one- and one-and-a-half-story houses are typically frame Ranch and Neo-traditional houses with brick veneer, weatherboard, and vinyl siding. OLD TOWN WAY 133, 365, 729, 831, 1053 Old Town Way NC-B (5) Five houses located on the eastern edge of the Woodhaven subdivision and overlooking Mud Creek to the east. All built in the 1990s, the houses are typically contemporary one-story brick and frame Ranch houses with weatherboards and vinyl siding, with the exception of the two-story residence at 1053 Old Town Way. WOODHAVEN DRIVE 103-141 Woodhaven Drive NC-B (34) Thirty-four one-story brick Ranch houses built in the late 1970s and 1980s on a long cul-de-sac. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 376 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 8. Statement of Significance Architect/Builder continued Beam, James Lorn, Jr. – architect Howe, William Bell White, Jr. – architect Jones, Edward C. – architect Reichardt, Charles F. – architect Thomas, J. Herndon – architect Barnett, Charles – builder Bell, Jesse – builder Clayton, Ephriam – builder Drake, Albert – builder Farmer, Henry T. – builder SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNFICANCE The Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease, and Additional Documentation enlarges the existing Flat Rock Historic District, which encompasses the nineteenth-century summer resort that developed in the small, mountain community of Flat Rock, North Carolina. The Boundary Increase adds twentieth-century resources located adjacent to the existing district boundary, which are associated with the summer resort development of Flat Rock. The Boundary Increase also absorbs additional acreage by including the full extent of parcels that contain a contributing primary resource. The Boundary Decrease removes areas from the boundary edge of the existing district that have not retained any historic integrity due to modern construction. It extends the period of significance of the Flat Rock Historic District, which was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, to include the twentieth-century years up to 1964. Post-World War II development and tourism in Flat Rock continued through the 1960s and into the late twentieth century, but the years after 1964 do not meet Criteria Consideration G for properties less than fifty years of age that have achieved exceptional importance. The 1973 nomination for the Flat Rock Historic District focused on the nineteenth century and grandest of the architectural estates, only briefly mentioning a few of the smaller cottages and civic structures within the community, and the boundary, which contains more than 3,000 acres, was drawn to encircle the twenty-eight resources specifically mentioned in the nomination. This boundary increase and additional documentation nomination augments the original district by presenting the continuity of development in the rural community from the nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. The NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 377 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC claim of national significance documented in the 1973 designation continues with the current nomination. Beginning in 1827, with the construction of Charles Baring’s Mountain Lodge, wealthy Charleston families fashioned a rural neighborhood of large summer estates within a community of mountain farmers, and as the number of seasonal residents grew, local families found employment as caretakers, gardeners, builders, and craftsmen for the estate owners. The summer colony continued to expand after the Civil War as fortunes were made and lost, properties were subdivided among family members, seasonal residents became permanent residents, and an increasing amount of infrastructure was needed to support the growing community. The twentieth century brought further transition with new modes of transportation, new attractions, new types of resort properties, and new models of residential development. Despite the myriad changes and effects of modernization, the historic character of Flat Rock remains largely unchanged. The boundary increase addresses some discrepancies in the verbal boundary description of the original district nomination and adds fifteen twentieth-century properties that are adjacent to the existing boundary and are compatible with the social, cultural, and architectural history of the existing district. The boundary increase also extends the district boundaries around eleven historic property parcels that are only partially located within the existing boundaries and have principal contributing resources. The boundary decrease eliminates parcels located at the edge of the existing district that have been completely altered by modern construction. The Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase and Additional Documentation meets National Register Criterion A in the category of Entertainment/Recreation for the development of Flat Rock as a significant antebellum summer colony founded by wealthy rice planter families from the Low Country of South Carolina and Georgia. A tight-knit enclave of prominent families from Charleston, South Carolina, regularly decamped to their Flat Rock estates during the summer season to escape the heat and pestilential diseases of Low Country plantations, which led to the community being referred to as “Little Charleston of the Mountains.” The summer residents enjoyed a range of social functions and recreational activities during the season in Flat Rock. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, as improved transportation routes made Flat Rock less isolated, a broader range of seasonal residents and tourists came to stay at one of the area inns or mid-twentieth century motels, participate in a religious conference or retreat at Bonclarken, or send their children to summer camp here. While Flat Rock has a greater number of permanent residents in the modern day, the roots of the original summer resort remain in place, and the community continues be a popular destination for tourists and visitors. The Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase and Additional Documentation meets National Register Criterion C in the area of Architecture not only for its core collection of historic nineteenth-century estates, but also for the wide range of building types and architectural styles that document Flat Rock’s evolution and physical changes through the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The finely crafted examples of nineteenth-century architecture erected by the Charleston families reflected the popular tastes and trends of their time and represent excellent examples of the Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne styles, many of which are documented in the original district nomination. Surrounding NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 378 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC these high-style estates are less formal summer places and year-round dwellings that represent very good examples of Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Craftsman bungalows, Rustic Revival, Minimal Traditional, and Ranch style houses. Beyond the larger estate properties, patterns of development are evidenced by smaller lot sizes, residential subdivisions, and additional commercial and civic buildings, including churches, schools, lodging facilities, and various businesses. Even as the heyday of the Charleston elites passed and the summer colony became less exclusive, the large estates continued to influence development as they were often subdivided for residential development. Subdivision of the estates was often necessary to allow descendants and modern owners to retain ownership of the grand summer houses while converting some of their undeveloped property into additional revenue. The district also fulfills Criteria Consideration A for religious properties. A number of buildings associated with Bonclarken, the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church’s conference center, possess architectural significance and contribute to the recreational significance of Flat Rock as a resort destination in the twentieth century. Bonclarken Chapel, Draffin Hall, Memorial Hall, as well as the Minister’s Apartment and Missionary Cottage, are good examples of buildings constructed for religious purposes that contribute to the architectural siginificance of the district. The extension of the period of significance into the twentieth century provides the framework for a more complete understanding of the historic resources within the original district and the boundary increase areas. The period of significance begins ca. 1827 with the construction of Mountain Lodge by Charles and Susan Baring, the first summer house erected in Flat Rock by wealthy Charleston rice planters. The period of significance ends in 1964, to recognize the continuity of development and evolution of Flat Rock as a popular summer destination and residential community. Although development has continued since 1964, this development does not meet Criteria Consideration G for exceptional significance. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUMMER COLONY Prior to white European settlement, the area of Flat Rock and Henderson County belonged to the Cherokee Nation. The mountainous lands around Flat Rock were traditionally a summer hunting ground for members of the Cherokee tribe. Large, smooth outcroppings of darkly surfaced, lichen-covered granite slabs are exposed on the hilltops and mountain sides around the area. Several Cherokee paths converged on the flat, exposed rock surface near the center of the present-day community, and its reference as a geographic landmark in early land grants and state legislation gave the community its name. 111 111 Patton, 1-2. Memminger, 6. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 379 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC At the first plateau reached after passing over the steep Saluda grade and ridge of the Eastern Continental Divide from South Carolina into western North Carolina, traversable gaps in the mountains provided access to natural valleys that channeled the flow of not only clear creeks and springs but also early travelers to the region. The naturally steep, half-bowl topography of the Flat Rock area forms a picturesque and hilly plateau that sweeps northward from its upper crest, or ring of mountains, at its southern border. The plateau runs down to the flats of the area’s main tributary, Mud Creek, which defines the western boundary of the basin. The Flat Rock plateau overlooks the wide French Broad River valley to its north and the mountains beyond. Between the southern crest and Mud Creek are several additional mountains, including Trenholm, Rutledge, and Teneriffe mountains, creating the hilly terrain of Flat Rock. From the south end of the plateau’s watershed, a second tributary, King Creek (formerly Earl’s Creek), is fed from a number of clear mountain springs. The numerous dammed creeks and man-made lakes that dot Flat Rock’s landscape are not only important resources for fishing, recreation, and wildlife, but also historically significant for powering the community’s early mills. While white, European frontiersmen had forayed into the area to trade, it was not until after the American Revolution that the first settlers owned land in the area of present-day Flat Rock and Henderson County, officially opening the wilderness for development. In 1785, following the Treaty of Hopewell, North Carolina had ceded all western land claimed by the Cherokee Nation, to the federal government. This land was then granted to veterans of the American Revolution as repayment for their service and to encourage settlement. These individuals, including Abraham Kuykendall and John Earl, were the first white settlers in the area and, by 1789, a small community had developed around their homesteads, grist mills, sawmills, and taverns. John Earl (1737-1799), who had served with Major Thomas Howard at the Battle of Round Mountain, received his first land grant on November 29, 1790, where he built lumber and grist mills on a shoal that was later dammed to create a pond (present-day Highland Lake). Earl went on to open the first road into Flat Rock from the south in 1793, called the Saluda Path. 112 Abraham Kuykendall (1719-1812) received a number of land grants in the area, possibly dating to before those of John Earl’s. He served as a member of the Committee of Correspondence under President John Adams and was a Corporal in Capt. Samuel Corbin’s North Carolina troops. Abraham Kuykendall’s grants eventually totaled over 2,000 acres, including 900 acres along the present Rutledge Drive, south of Mud Creek Baptist Church and cemetery, where he operated an inn, a still house, and a tavern. The exact location of Kuykendall’s tavern is not known but it is believed to have been sited near the present-day house known as Hemlocks at 455 Rutledge Drive. Kuykendall also owned milling operations on land to the south of his home tract, which included 600 acres known as the “Saw Mill Tract” granted to Kuykendall and David Miller in 1796; this property later became the core of Judge Mitchell King’s Argyle estate. Local tradition 112 Sadie Smathers Patton, Sketches of Polk County History (Asheville, NC: The Miller Printing Company, 1950), 9-10. Ray, 9 and 84. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 380 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC holds that, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Kuykendall gave land for the Mud Creek Baptist Church and cemetery, where he was buried, although a formal deed for the land was made by Charles Baring some years later. 113 John Davis of Virginia, another early settler, came to Flat Rock in 1823, and acquired 1,390 acres. He built his home, a tavern, and mills on land he purchased from Abraham Kuykendall. Davis sold his property to Judge Mitchell King in 1830. Other early settlers included Peter Corn of Virginia, who served in Washington’s army at the Potomac, and Andrew and David Miller of Rutherfordton. Along with those individuals who received land grants from the government or purchased large tracts of land, a small population of subsistence farmers, mostly of Scots-Irish descent, was established in the area including the Stepp, Justice, Capps, and Edney families. 114 Access to the Flat Rock plateau in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was limited to established Indian paths. Roads from the coast of South Carolina gradually made their way across the interior of the state to the foothills in the first decades of the nineteenth century, with the South Carolina State Road extending from Charleston to Greenville by way of Columbia in 1819. The first of the major roads into North Carolina resulted from the search for more distant trade routes across the Blue Ridge Mountains. A path through the lowest gap in the Blue Ridge between Saluda and Tryon had been appropriated by white settlers by the time of the American Revolution. In 1793, John Earl was paid $4,000 to build a road from Landrum, South Carolina, through Saluda Gap to Flat Rock. Completed around 1800, the road, called the Saluda Path, passed Earl’s grist mill in Flat Rock. In the early nineteenth century, Peter Guice operated a small wooden toll bridge where the road crossed the Green River. The Saluda Path was vital to westward expansion and gave settlers, drovers, and farmers access across the mountains to South Carolina. While it may have served as the earliest wagon road into the mountains and been a major thoroughfare for the passage of goods to the Flat Rock area, its significance, when compared to the later and better known Buncombe Turnpike, is secondary in terms of its influence on the estate development and growth of Flat Rock as a community. 115 The Buncombe Turnpike, built on an established Cherokee path, opened the mountain region to a different area of South Carolina and led through the heart of Flat Rock to the more populated and industrial area of Greenville, South Carolina, to its southwest. In 1824, the North Carolina Legislature chartered the 113 Patton gives the date of Baring’s deed as 1836, but Ray indicates that it was 1846. Patton 1980, 6. Ray, 83-85 and 130. An archaeological investigation conducted in 2009 found late eighteenth and nineteenth century artifacts on a portion of the Hemlocks property. The investigation supports the supposition that Kuykendall’s tavern may have been located in this general vicinity. Scott Shumate, “Archaeological Survey at the Pinckney House Site, Henderson County, North Carolina” (Report for Historic Flat Rock, Inc., Flat Rock, NC, 2009). 114 Sadie Smathers Patton, The Story of Henderson County (Asheville, NC: The Miller Printing Company, 1947), 27, 48 and 51. 115 Ray, 84. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 381 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Buncombe Turnpike as a seventy-five-mile route from Greeneville, Tennessee, to Greenville, South Carolina, and its history and location directly affected Flat Rock’s development as a resort retreat. Incorporating what had been known as the Old State Road and portions of the Old Buncombe Road, the Turnpike followed existing roads and built new connections to create a continuous way. Although the Buncombe Turnpike is recognized for opening the region to the radical effects of summer migration into Flat Rock, it was built primarily for the movement of hogs and other livestock, serving regional farmers who grew stock for coastal markets. Turnpike traffic was heavy with cattle, hogs, horses, turkeys, and chickens herded along the path. It greatly improved access between mountain communities and the major markets of the South, as well as creating a network of early taverns and inns to accommodate drovers and their livestock. Abraham Kuykendall’s inn was believed to have been one of the most popular with the drovers because of the proximity of his still. The Buncombe Turnpike also served as the primary route for South Carolinians traveling to mountainous regions of western North Carolina. The grade, while longer, was far less steep than that afforded by the earlier Saluda Path. 116 For the accommodation of travelers in the 1820s, two new inns opened along the Buncombe Turnpike within what would become the Flat Rock community. One was owned by Thomas Justice, near Kuykendall’s tavern in the northwest section of the community. The other inn, alternately referred to as the “Old Inn,” “Flat Rock Inn,” “King’s Tavern,” or “Summey’s Tavern,” was located north of present-day Woodfield Inn Drive on the Little Hill property (see 2771 Greenville Highway). The site was part of a 400-acre tract granted to David Miller in 1795, and later conveyed to Gideon Stevens. Judge Mitchell King and members of the Campbell family stayed there in 1829, on King’s first trip to Flat Rock. It was run, at different times, by Mr. Murray, Mr. Summey, and John Davis. Judge King later gained possession of the inn and conveyed it in 1835, to George Summey and then Alexander Ramseur. The site of the inn, including the remains of its granite spring basin and trough, is at present in the front field of Little Hill. 117 As Flat Rock began to take shape as a rural mountain community, Charleston was enjoying the spoils of the rice culture. Rice seeds brought to Charleston in the late seventeenth century created an empire that transformed the Low Country of South Carolina and Georgia into one of the most influential regions of the young American nation. The slave trade, and the agriculture-based plantation economy it supported, extended throughout the South and provided the social and economic basis for continued growth of the South in the nineteenth century until the rise of cotton production. As late as the 1840s, when cotton fortunes were rising, South Carolina still produced one half of the rice grown in the nation. By the 1850s, eighty percent of rice planters in the country were in South Carolina, and the per capita income of the coastal region was the 116 Patton 1980, 5-7. 117 Memminger, 8. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 382 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC highest in the United States. The wealth, however, was held among a small, elite group of its citizens. 118 The lucrative rice fields, however, were not without their cost. Tidal irrigation systems turned rice fields into stagnant pools for most of the hot, humid summer and created ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes carrying malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and other insect-borne diseases. Although the cause of these deadly fevers had yet to be identified, it was recognized that they emanated from the swampy regions of the Low Country, especially where rice planting was found in close proximity to residential plantation complexes. The fevers affected coastal communities from around Georgetown, South Carolina, to as far south as Savannah. In 1809, historian Dr. David Ramsay wrote of the Low Country: “In it sluggish rivers, stagnant swamps, ponds, and marshes are common; and in or near to them putrefaction is generated. In all these places, and for two or three miles adjacent to them, the seeds of febrile diseases are plentifully sown….” 119 Planters and physicians agreed the atmosphere was the cause of the "subtle poison of the miasma during the malarial season," and visitors wrote of the "sickly and pestilential situation." Thus the planters' very success banished them from their plantation homes for much of the year. Most planters visited their plantations only after the first Low Country frost had lessened the risk of disease, generally limiting their residence at the plantation from mid-November to April. Each spring saw the annual exodus of entire households from the rural plantations. While plantation families found refuge at their homes in Charleston and in the smaller coastal communities, the heat and attendant health issues sent those that could afford to travel in search of healthier retreats away from the Low Country. Many planter families spent the summer and fall months in other parts of South Carolina, other northern states, or in Europe. With improving transportation routes, families journeyed north to Greenville where there was a popular summer resort called Pleasantburg. They also retreated farther north to White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia; Saratoga Springs, New York; and Newport, Rhode Island, which became known as “the Carolina Hospital” because of the great numbers of summer visitors from South Carolina. 120 It was largely the families of the wealthy rice planters from South Carolina who established the summer colony of Flat Rock. Beginning in the 1820s, Low Country rice planters came to Flat Rock specifically to escape the deathly sicknesses that were an unpleasant part of their cultured life. The allure of the mountain climate was more important to their health than to their comfort. Because the majority of Flat Rock’s summer residents came from the Charleston area, the community became known as “Little Charleston of the 118 Walter Edgar, ed., The South Carolina Encyclopedia (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2006), 791-793. 119 David Ramsay, The History of South Carolina, from its First Settlement in 1670 to the year 1808, Vol. II (Charleston, SC: David Longworth, 1809), 100. 120 Mary Bray Wheeler and Genon Hickerson Neblett, Chosen Exile (Gadsen, AL: The Rutledge Company, Inc., 1980), 82. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 383 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Mountains.” The Low Country aristocracy introduced great wealth into a small mountain community of subsistence farmers, and they lived in a manner foreign to locals. They changed the landscape with their estates and, by virtue of their wealth, controlled the land. Local residents were unfazed by the presence of the summer residents, but they did benefit from the influx of new neighbors by acquiring employment as caretakers, gardeners, and craftsmen—not only in summer months, but also during the winter when estate owners were absent. 121 Several individuals played important roles in the founding of the Flat Rock summer colony, including Charles Baring, Daniel Blake, Mitchell King, Henry McAlpin, and Frederick Rutledge. Daniel Blake of Charleston, a rice planter with a keen eye for good land, settled on Cane Creek in 1826. Blake, who made yearly visits to Rhode Island during the summer months for health reasons, was induced by friends and family to visit the Buncombe and Henderson county area, where he purchased nearly 1,000 acres north of Flat Rock in what is now Fletcher, North Carolina. Although located in Fletcher, Blake and his wife remained closely associated with the Flat Rock community. The Blakes became charter members of the Church of St. John in the Wilderness when it was consecrated in 1836. In 1829, Frederick Rutledge, brother-in-law of Daniel Blake and grandson of John Rutledge, the first governor of South Carolina, purchased land and built a summer cottage for himself and his young family to the north of the Flat Rock Historic District. In 1836, following the death of his wife and his only son Edward, Frederick Rutledge sold the property to Charles and Mary Edmondston of Charleston, who built the present house and developed the estate, naming it Brookland. 122 Henry McAlpin, a rice planter from Savannah, Georgia, purchased a large tract of land from Gideon Stevens in 1833, and built a summer residence. He sold his property, however, to Charles Baring in 1836, and left the area. Of the founding families, Charles Baring and Mitchell King exerted the greatest direct influence on the development of Flat Rock. Baring’s holdings eventually covered 3,000 acres and Judge King controlled approximately 4,000 acres. Word of the Baring and King estates and the summer climate of the mountains spread quickly among the rice planter elites, and was followed by rapid and excited development. Just as the rice plantations were bound by family connections, so were the houses and estates of Flat Rock. Baring sold acreage and developed properties for sale to his friends and acquaintances, who were among the economic, political, and social leaders of South Carolina. Born in England to the Baring Brothers Bank family, Charles Baring came to Charleston in 1797 to arrange a marriage between his cousin, Lord Ashburton, and wealthy widow, Susan Heyward. Instead Baring 121 122 Patton 1980, 18-21. Shaffer, 239-241. Located approximately two miles north, Brookland is located outside the district boundaries and within the city limits of Hendersonville. See Sybil Argintar’s “Brookland Local Landmark Designation Report” (January 7, 2014) prepared for the Hendersonville Historic Preservation Commission. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 384 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC married the Welsh-born Heyward, ten years his senior. James Heyward, whose half-brother Thomas was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, left his widow a life estate in his extensive plantation and real estate holdings. In 1827, the Barings began purchasing land for a summer residence in Flat Rock. The initial tract consisted of 300 acres on Phillips Creek, which was purchased from Thomas Justice and Joab Hensley for $600, and the Barings built their estate, Mountain Lodge (486 Rutledge Drive), high on a hill at the base of Trenholm Mountain. While most of the early estates were built of wood, from trees cut and aged on the property, and available stone or granite, Mountain Lodge used wood and brick brought from England as ballast on ships owned by the Baring Brothers banking firm. The Barings also built a chapel, deer park, entrance gate, and a rectory for their minister, Rev. T. W. Mott, who accompanied them each summer. Rev. Mott was also a tutor for the Barings’ orphaned wards, nephews John, Charles Baring, David Hanna, and Henry Tudor Jr., known as “Squire.” 123 Judge Mitchell King, a prominent Charleston attorney, probate judge, and president of the College of Charleston, first visited western North Carolina as the member of a survey team evaluating a proposal for a rail line through the area to connect Charleston with the navigable waters of the Mississippi River. During this trip, Judge King was suitably impressed with the possible benefits the area’s climate might afford that he decided to make a summer home for himself at Flat Rock. He recorded in his diary: “In the fall of 1829 I made my first visit into the mountains of Western North Carolina. The health of a very dear member of my family was so much benefited that I purchased there a body of land in the most picturesque and healthy region of the world.” 124 The “dear member” of King’s family is believed to be Margaret Campbell, King’s second wife and the sister of his first wife Susanna Campbell, who died in 1828. Margaret Campbell, an asthma sufferer, had been in Asheville with her family for the summer, where she experienced no relief from her illness. Accompanied by Judge King on the return trip to Charleston at the end of the summer, the Campbell family stopped for the night at the Old Inn, or Flat Rock Inn, where, for the first time in many months, Margaret Campbell experienced some relief from her symptoms. Mitchell King and Margaret Campbell were married in August 1830, and following their marriage, King, like Charles and Susan Baring, proceeded to buy all of the land he could find for sale in the Flat Rock area. On October 12, 1830, he purchased 1,390 acres from Col. John Davis for an estate, which he named Argyle after the Campbell family’s ancestral home in Scotland. The land that King acquired included Abraham Kuykendall’s sawmill tract. While his wife’s asthma was no doubt a primary concern, Judge King would also have been sensitive to the potential health benefits of the mild mountain climate because he had lost his oldest daughter to yellow fever in 1817, and 123 Patton 1947, 182. Ruscin 2007, 15-17. Leeming Grimshawe, Church of St. John in the Wilderness, 1836-1936 (Flat Rock, NC: published by author, 1968), 8. 124 Ruscin 2007, 22-23. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 385 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC letters from the summer of 1819 suggest that he himself had suffered from a bout with “the fever” in that year. 125 In less than two decades after the Barings and Kings had built their estates, about twenty of South Carolina's wealthiest families had built summer places in Flat Rock. These new estates included Saluda Cottages, the first estate of Count Joseph Marie St. Xavier de Choiseul, French consul to Charleston, who bought 205 acres from Baring and built three summer houses in 1836. Former United States congressman Thomas Lowndes built a summer house around 1836, which he called Dolce Far Niente, or “sweet nothing to do.” For his Beaumont estate, built in 1839, Andrew Johnstone, a Georgetown planter, purchased 257 acres directly from local landowners James Kuykendall and Benjamin King on the outer edge of Baring’s property. Johnstone’s second wife, Mary Barnwell Elliott, was a member of the politically prominent Elliott family of Beaufort, South Carolina. Judge King gave his daughter Margaret eighty acres as wedding gift, where she and her husband, Arthur M. Huger of Charleston, built Greenlawn, now Tall Trees. In 1841, Count de Choiseul developed a second estate, known as “The Castle” (present Chanteloup) on 385 acres he purchased from local landowner William Capps and additional land acquired from Baring. In 1846, Richard Henry Lowndes, youngest son of Thomas Lowndes, bought the original parsonage of St. John in the Wilderness from Charles Baring and named it “Diamond in the Desert.” Another individual influential in the development of Flat Rock was Christopher Gustavus Memminger of Charleston. Born in Germany, the orphaned Memminger was adopted by Thomas Bennett, future governor of South Carolina, and given a splendid education and refined upbringing. Despite his keen intellect and industriousness, he suffered from poor health and spent his summers traveling through Virginia. Returning from one of his trips, accompanied by his foster brother, Jefferson Bennett, he stopped in Flat Rock to visit friends. In addition to looking for a healthful climate, Memminger was looking for a farm as he noted in his diary on October 8, 1836: “We spent several days searching for some place I could buy. Of course, the first comers had the best sights [sic] for residents, but as I wanted a farm, I could not be easily furnished as the land near Flat Rock is miserably barren. Nevertheless after much cruising I at last found a place which would suit very well.” 126 Memminger purchased his original 143-acre parcel from Charles Baring around 1838 127, and engaged the services of noted Charleston architect Charles Reichardt to design Rock Hill (later known as Connemara), 125 Ibid. Patton 1980, 15-16. 126 Personal papers of C. G. Memminger, 1803-1915 (#502), Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Louise Howe Bailey, From “Rock Hill” to “Connemara:” The Story Before Carl Sandburg (N.p.: Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1980), 14-17. 127 Buncombe County Deed Book 21, pp. 445-447. Buncombe County Register of Deeds Office, Asheville, NC. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 386 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC his summer place in Flat Rock. Memminger rose to prominence in South Carolina, where he served in the state legislature; he worked to build a railroad connection from the South Carolina coast to the Midwestern cities along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and became the first Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederacy under President Jefferson Davis. Memminger’s adoptive father, Thomas Bennett, would later purchase Greenlawn (present Tall Trees) an estate at 3111 Greenville Highway. 128 In the 1840s and 1850s, the summer colony of Flat Rock mushroomed beyond the immediate control of the initial Baring and King real estate ventures. The earliest estates began to be subdivided and resold to the next generation of owners. A. S. Wellington, who purchased Saluda Cottages from Count de Choiseul in 1841, sold a tract containing a spring to Memminger for his estate. Memminger eventually purchased the entire Saluda Cottages property, partitioned off another 100 acres to add to his Rock Hill estate, and, in 1850, sold the remaining Saluda Cottages tract to his friend Rev. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. In 1846, Memminger sold a tract on the slopes of Tenneriffe Mountain to Rev. Pinckney, who built a two-story stone house known as Piedmont. Pinckney owned Saluda Cottages for only two years before selling it to another Charlestonian, Ralph Izard Middleton. Following the death of Susan Baring in 1846, her former husband’s vast estate reverted to the Heyward family, but Charles Baring was able to retain ownership of their joint Flat Rock property. The era of Charles Baring’s real estate development was coming to an end, and financial reversals of the early 1850s forced him to sell Mountain Lodge to Edward Trenholm. While other landowners subdivided and sold their land holdings to family and friends, Judge King held on to most of his land. He did, however, give a section of land to his daughter Margaret and her husband, Arthur Huger, where they built Greenlawn. He deeded 293 acres to his son Dr. Mitchell Campbell King, who built both Rutledge Cottage and Glen Roy, now Kenmure, overlooking his father’s Argyle estate from the southeast slopes of Glassy Mountain. Judge King gave fifty acres along the Buncombe Turnpike to help place the county seat nearby (seven miles north of Flat Rock) and donated acreage for a school in Hendersonville. King died at Argyle on November 12, 1862, and he bequeathed life estates to his two unmarried daughters, Louisa and Susan. When Louisa married Major Theodore Barker, Susan remained the sole owner. At her death, Argyle went to her nephew Alexander Campbell King, who became Solicitor General under President Wilson, and later Associate Judge of the Fifth Court of Appeals. 129 As a result of geographic isolation, summer settlers became a society unto themselves. Families and friends occupied their large houses for the entire summer season. Children played and grew up together in privileged surroundings. Before secondary roads were opened, bridal paths, walking trails, and primitive, unnamed roads connected the estates. Low Country families came to the mountains to protect their health 128 Tommy H. Jones, “Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site, Connemara Main House Historic Structure Report.” (Report for Cultural Resources, Southeast Region, National Park Service, Atlanta, GA, September 2005), 10-12. 129 Patton 1980, 16-17. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 387 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC and for summer enjoyment, and as word spread, more and more families came to Flat Rock. Coming from similar backgrounds and society, many families shared common interests and enjoyed social gatherings, hunting and fishing expeditions, picnics, and dinner dances among their summer rituals. The search for a railroad connection from Charleston over the Blue Ridge Mountains remained a primary concern for many individuals, including Mitchell King and Christopher Memminger, but the summer colony evolved into a flourishing community. From the early years of the summer settlement in the 1830s, the Church of St John in the Wilderness was at the center of community life. The church began as the private chapel of the Baring Family as part of their estate, Mountain Lodge. With the chancel at its west end, the church contained ten pews on each side of the center aisle and had a gallery for slaves at the rear (east). It was completed by the Barings in 1833, and was consecrated as the Church of St. John in the Wilderness. The need for a community church was such that, in 1836, the Barings deeded the church and surrounding grounds to the Episcopal Diocese of North Carolina, making it the first Episcopal Church in western North Carolina. Renovations to the old church and the east addition, with its tower and stained-glass windows, were completed in 1854. They were designed by Edward C. Jones, one of Charleston’s leading architects and built by noted local builder Ephriam Clayton. At the same time, Christopher Memminger purchased eleven acres from Edward L. Trenholm, who had acquired Mountain Lodge after Mrs. Baring’s death, and donated the land to the church for the site of a new rectory. Charles Baring sold the original rectory, along with a twenty-two-acre parcel, to Richard Henry Lowndes in 1846. The Rev. Edward Reed became the summer rector until his death in 1863. Flat Rock became a refuge for its Charleston contingent, many of whom lived year-round in Flat Rock, during the Civil War, and the church filled an important role in the community under the leadership of the Rev. John Grimke Drayton (1863-1891). After the war, most families returned to their year-round residences elsewhere and visited Flat Rock during the summer season. 130 Travel to western North Carolina increased after the Buncombe Turnpike opened in 1827. The taverns and inns along the turnpike route were full to overflowing, but not terribly comfortable for those who were not drovers. In 1847, a group of investors led by Andrew Johnstone and Judge Mitchell King received a deed from Alexander Ramseur for four hundred acres of land located near the center of the community and stated the need for “a good commodious tavern.” The hotel, built in 1852 and originally known as the “Flat Rock Hotel,” was designed by Charleston architect Edward C. Jones, and was built and operated by Henry “Squire” Farmer, who had come to Flat Rock as a ward of the Barings. An excellent builder, Farmer constructed many of the early buildings in Flat Rock and Hendersonville. He built many private homes in Flat Rock, including Many Pines, ca. 1859, and Dunroy, built in 1862. An engaged and active member of the community, Farmer became chairman of the Henderson County Court soon after the county was organized, served as the second postmaster of Hendersonville, and was elected to two terms in state legislature (1848 130 Bailey 1995, 133. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 388 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC and 1850). He owned a machine shop and small brick yard on a portion of the hotel tract, and operated Peter Summey’s old mill on King Creek (Earl’s Creek). Farmer converted the mill into a furniture factory where they crafted chairs, tables, wardrobes, and other pieces to supplement the original furniture made for the hotel by J. & J. Hildebran of Asheville. 131 In October 1853, the shareholders of the Flat Rock Hotel agreed to sell the inn and property to Henry Farmer, and it was afterwards known as the Farmer Hotel, or Farmer’s Hotel. For the recreation of the guests, a billiard house and a small, spring-fed lake were located on the property. Farmer frequently drove his coach to Greenville to bring boarders to the hotel for the summer season. The hotel was usually filled with guests from Charleston. Farmer ran the hotel until his death in 1883, when he was succeeded by his son, Matthew Singleton Farmer. 132 With the principal estates established, or created from subdivisions of the largest properties, an increasing number of smaller out-parcels were developed by local residents and were necessary for the community’s proper growth. The Old Flat Rock Post Office and the Stradley-Jones House were part of the essential development of the community. Rev. Peter Stradley (1798-1883) acquired thirty-three acres on the “High Road” from Elisha and Benjamin King in October 1844 (Deed 3/436), and erected his house and store across from the entrance drive to Memminger’s Rock Hill estate. The buildings are associated with the midnineteenth century residential and commercial development of local, permanent residents that supported the continued growth of the community. The store building served as the location of the Flat Rock Post Office from 1845 to 1877, and again from 1879 to 1901, from 1913 to 1922, and from 1953 to 1965. 133 Prior to the construction of Stradley’s store and post office, when the postal service began in 1829, the post office was located in the Flat Rock Tavern, which was located a short distance southwest. John Davis owned the tavern, which was known as a fairly proper inn with a large second floor guest porch overlooking the Buncombe Turnpike, and he became Flat Rock’s first postmaster on June 29, 1829. Due to complaints from citizens who objected to having the post office located in an establishment that sold spirits, the post office moved several times in subsequent years before Stradley’s store was determined to be a suitable home, untainted by the sale of liquor. Between 1836 and 1838, the post office was located at Peter Summey’s grist mill (present-day Mill House Lodge, 1150 W. Blue Ridge Road), but due to its inconvenient location, the post office reverted to Summey’s kinsman, George Summey, owner of the Flat Rock Tavern. The post office was an important component of daily life in Flat Rock community and helped the wealthy resort residents remain in contact with their homes, plantations, and businesses in the Low Country. A portion of Stradley’s 131 Patton 1980, 59-62. 132 Ibid., 62-64. 133 Ray, 97, 125, 132, and 139-141. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 389 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC thirty-three-acre tract to the south of the store and post office became the site of the public school, and from the 1880s on, the site was reserved for the school. The Flat Rock High School buildings erected in 1925 were the last to occupy the site and closed in 1960. 134 The political, financial, and emotional toll of the Civil War had a profound effect on the Flat Rock community although no battles were fought here. The summer people strongly supported the Confederacy, with their ties to the plantation culture of the Low Country, and the families who owned summer houses in Flat Rock left the war-torn coastal areas and moved to the mountains for the duration of the conflict. Friends and family members were welcomed until all beds were filled. During the war years, the Church of St. John in the Wilderness stayed open all winter with the Rev. John Grimke Drayton as rector. Local families, however, held more varied opinions about the conflict and secession movement, but when war began, record numbers of residents enlisted with the Confederate Army. 135 Because of the mountainous terrain, Flat Rock became a hiding place for escapees, thieves, and renegades, known as “bushwhackers,” from both sides of the conflict. Glassy Mountain in particular provided suitable coverage for these renegades. Some settled in and stayed there for the duration of the war, supporting themselves by thievery and raids on houses. Christopher Memminger fortified Rock Hill and welcomed neighbors when knowledge of a raid circulated. He used sandbags to fortify the walls, cut gunsized holes in the foundation wall for rifles, and removed the front steps. 136 When George Trenholm replaced Memminger as Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederacy, Memminger stayed at Rock Hill, thereby escaping arrest at the end of the war. Trenholm, a Confederate war hero and blockade-runner, purchased the Baring house on Highland Lake in 1865, but was not so lucky. He was later imprisoned at Fort Pulaski on the coast of Georgia. 137 Farmer’s Hotel was filled to capacity with both residents and visitors in search of a safe haven during the war. The hotel served a depository for valuables and allowed guests to enjoy congenial times with neighbors and friends, while trying to forget the war. Captain B. T. Morris of the 64th North Carolina Regiment and his troops were dispatched to Flat Rock in the summer of 1864 to disperse the bands of bushwhackers that were looting throughout the county. The troops established their headquarters at Farmer’s Hotel and camped on 134 Ibid., 97. 135 George A. Jones and Alexia Jones Helsley, A Guide To Historic Henderson County, North Carolina (Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2007), 45-46. 136 Galen Reuther, The Carl Sandburg Home: Connemara, Images of America Series (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2006), 9. 137 Leeming Grimshawe, Connemara: Formerly Called Rock Hill and a Brief Description of Those Who Lived There, 1836-1967 (Flat Rock, NC: published by author, 1970), 9. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 390 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC the front lawn. They remained stationed in Flat Rock for approximately six months to protect local citizens and their valuables. 138 The deadliest event in the community occurred at Beaumont in 1864, after Andrew Johnstone served dinner to a group of six bushwhackers representing themselves as Confederate scouts. The Johnstone family had just completed their dinner, but graciously prepared a fresh meal for the men while Johnstone’s daughters entertained them at the piano. After they finished dining, the men shot and killed Andrew Johnstone at his table. Thirteen-year-old Elliot Johnstone grabbed a rifle and killed one of the intruders on the steps and wounded another on the grounds as they fled. Following the altercation, Mrs. Johnstone and her family left Beaumont and took refuge in Greenville, South Carolina. 139 After the war, Flat Rock’s summer colony began to see the effects of financial devastation, especially for those who owned rice plantations. Emancipation meant the end of slave labor and without it many plantation owners suffered financial loss. Several of the Charleston families were forced to sell their Flat Rock estates, often at a loss to Northern speculators, and other places were abandoned. The local families also suffered tremendous hardships as it took many years for the state to recover from the effects of the war. 140 Former postmaster and local historian Lenoir Ray noted: While the whole country was deeply affected by the war and enduring changes were brought about…. The principal landowners were people whose fortunes were built on slavery. With the culmination of the war their fortunes waned but they held onto Flat Rock with deep and abiding tenacity. Here they came each summer and participated in a charade. It was never given a name but could have been called “The War Never Happened.” If they had little left, the mountain men who worked on their estates had less, and their former household slaves, in the main, continued to work for them for whatever wage they could pay. 141 On the heels of the Civil War, railroad connections transformed western North Carolina in the late nineteenth century and helped drive the state’s recovery. The region's relative isolation gave way to increased trade and economic development, as well as changes to the local way of life. Trains brought waves of tourists to the region and connected remote mountain communities. The railroad sparked a building boom in Henderson County. Hendersonville boasted of "five hotels and numerous boarding houses” in an 1885 138 Patton 1980, 41-42. 139 Memminger, 15-16. Jones and Helsley, 49-50. 140 Grimshawe 1970, 9-10. 141 Ray, 98-99. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 391 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC promotional booklet. 142 By the 1850s, despite earlier efforts to construct a railroad line from Charleston to Cincinnati, Ohio, promoted by Flat Rock residents Mitchell King and C. G. Memminger, a rail line was completed only to Pendleton, South Carolina, a popular summer destination for Low Country families in its own right. Mountainous terrain delayed the rail project until work ceased with the onset of the Civil War. Construction resumed in 1869, but the war left the railroad physically wrecked and financially shaky and soon it was abandoned. It was not until 1879 that the Asheville & Spartanburg Railroad (A&SRR) was completed to Flat Rock and Hendersonville. The A&SRR ascended the steep Saluda Grade between Tryon and Saluda, and followed the route of the old Saluda Turnpike through the Green River Valley and Mine Gap to Flat Rock. Among the leaders of the A&SRR was C. G. Memminger, who served as the line’s first president. The A&SRR had a station at Flat Rock and terminated at Hendersonville. It was not until 1886 that the line was completed to Asheville. The railroad passed near Flat Rock approximately one and a half miles east of Memminger’s Rock Hill estate. In the midst of a forest an area alongside the tracks was cleared for the construction of a station, which was named Flat Rock. Passengers and mail departing the train at the Flat Rock station had to travel by horseback or horse-drawn carriage into the Flat Rock settlement and to the post office located on the Buncombe Turnpike. The route from the station to the post office followed the old Flat Rock Road, which only extended as far east as James Pringle’s Many Pines estate prior to the construction of the railroad. With the construction of the station, Perry Hoke Walker (1859-1920) purchased several hundred acres on both sides of the tracks around the station where he laid out streets and lots for a small community that became East Flat Rock. Walker built houses, operated a store, and persuaded investors to organize the Skyland Hosiery Mill on land that he set aside for industrial development. He later succeeded in having an East Flat Rock Post Office established across the tracks from the railroad station. The road between Flat Rock and East Flat Rock was known for many years as Depot Road (present-day West Blue Ridge Road). 143 For more than fifty years, the railroad served as a lifeline between Hendersonville and Charleston, to the degree that, in 1910, it was considered necessary to have a third station added between the one at Flat Rock and the one at Hendersonville. Six passenger trains were going each direction daily prior to the summer season. The new station, called Highland Depot, was built adjacent to the railroad tracks on the Highland Lake Club property at what is now the intersection of Highland Park Road extension and the railroad line 142 Stranger’s Hand-Book of Henderson County and Hendersonville, N.C. (Hendersonville, NC: J. D. Davis, 1885), 4. Catherine W. Bishir, Michael T. Southern and Jennifer F. Martin, A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Western North Carolina (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1999), 36-41 and 310. 143 Frank L. Fitzsimons, From the Banks of the Oklawaha, Vol. 2 (Hendersonville, NC: Golden Glow Publishing Company, 1977), 41-42. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 392 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC (northeast of the historic district). The depot featured a 100-foot-long passenger shed, a modern waiting room, ticket office, and baggage room all with electric lights. Beginning in 1911, the Carolina Special, a Southern Railway passenger line between Cincinnati and Charleston by way of Flat Rock and Hendersonville, occasionally left people behind for lack of space on the coaches. The railroad ushered in an extended period of prosperity and tremendous growth in the area, which continued nearly unabated from 1879 until the Great Depression. Passenger rail service declined significantly during the 1930s, and with increasing automobile ownership and better roadways, rail travel was soon supplanted by car traffic. Of critical importance to the development of Flat Rock were the contributions of its native and yearround citizens. The mountain families that lived and farmed in the area in the early nineteenth century and those that moved into the community and worked within the resort settlement, all made significant contributions to the historical development of Flat Rock. In addition to subsistence and small-scale farming, the local residents operated small businesses, mills, and the few stores that served the area. Ernest Justus, Will Clark, Jonas McKinney, Cannon Anders, and Ludith Osteen taught at the public school in the late nineteenth century. Peter Stradley was removed as postmaster following the Civil War, due to his Confederate affiliations, but he was replaced by his son Cephas, who was appointed in 1866. Cephas Stradley was succeeded by his sister Salome Stradley in 1868, the first female postmaster in Flat Rock. A number of year-round residents contributed to constructing the summer estate buildings. Charles Barnett built the original Argyle around 1830 for Judge King. The Barnett family was known for quality plaster work and painting for many years. In the 1880s Robert Corn, stone mason, and Leonard Capps, a master stone mason, built the stone wall near Richard I’On Lowndes’ house at 2661 Greenville Highway, now part of the Flat Rock Playhouse complex. Stone mason Hilliard Morrison lived along Little River Road. Henry Farmer, former ward of the Barings, established himself as one of the most competent builders and was responsible for constructing a number of substantial houses and buildings in the area. In addition to construction, the estates, both large and small, required a caretaker to look after the property and tend to farms and gardens during the family’s absence. Due to their scale and seasonal use, the typical summer estate required more than an extensive cleaning to open the house in the spring and close it up at the end of the summer. Wind and ice storms often devastated the winter landscape, and it took considerable manpower each spring to prepare for the arrival of the Low Country families. In addition to general maintenance, renovations and improvements to the houses, construction of new outbuildings, and road work required the attention of the local caretaker, who also oversaw specific seasonal activities such as cutting ice for the ice house or planting gardens. Over time the caretakers and their families became more settled in Flat Rock and contributed to its growth and development. Similarly, the second generation of estate owners either assumed responsibility for their family’s estate or developed their own small estate or retreat on property carved out of the family land holdings. The development of these smaller out-parcels significantly influenced settlement patterns within NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 393 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC the community. As their numbers grew in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the local residents brought about diversified land uses for schools, churches, businesses, camps, and residential subdivisions. Around 1895, Matthew Farmer mortgaged seventeen acres of their family’s land on the east side of the Greenville Highway, and in 1900, it was sold at public auction to Mr. E. J. Francis. Francis built a one-story frame store building at the southeast corner of two intersecting roads (present-day Greenville Highway and W. Blue Ridge Road). In 1906, the Peace family purchased the store and two acres at the intersection, where they soon built a number of small houses to the rear of the store and facing north onto West Blue Ridge Road. Francis subdivided the remainder of his property along the highway for commercial and residential use. To the east, William C. Jordan began operating the grist mill first established by Peter Summey in the 1830s. Summey built an undershot wheel to grind corn and grain and to cut timber. He ran the mill for sixteen years before selling it to Jacob Ramseur, who conveyed it to Alexander Ramseur in 1847. William Jordan purchased the mill around 1900 from members of the Smythe family, who had owned and operated it since the Civil War. Jordan built a new concrete foundation and replaced the dam to power a stronger overshot wheel and create a more efficient grinding operation. Jordan, and later his son-in-law, C. J. McFadden, continued to operate the mill, known as the Henderson County Flour Mill, until 1937. Eugene Brown of Charlotte acquired the mill in the late 1940s with plans to convert it into a residence. He ultimately rented the building as apartments, and as it became a popular overnight destination, he constructed other rental cottages and motel structures to accommodate tourists. In 1877, at the intersection of what is now West Blue Ridge Road and Highland Park Road, the John Markley family purchased land and established a small farm complex that was centered on a successful blacksmith shop. John Markley (1848-1921) and his wife Sally Darity Markley (1859-1959) were both born in slavery. They met working on a farm in Naples, north of Hendersonville, and the couple were later married and moved to Flat Rock. Henry Farmer persuaded John Markley to settle in Flat Rock after hiring him as a craftsman at his furniture mill and as a blacksmith. Markley, with his sons Garfield and Jim, opened the main blacksmith shop in Flat Rock, operating from the late nineteenth century until Jim Markley’s retirement in the mid-1960s. John Markley also had a reputation as a veterinarian and a wheelwright. Sally Markley, known locally as Aunt Sally, was a midwife, who was renowned as a storyteller and historian. 144 In 1973, seven and one-half acres of the Markley farm were sold to Bonclarken and used as a recreation area for the Assembly. Originally containing good bottomland for farming next to King Creek (Earl’s Creek), the site had three houses and a fine blacksmith shop. In early Flat Rock, African Americans mostly worked in service roles. The first settlers and plantation families from Charleston brought their slaves with them in the summers to work in their houses and on their 144 Patton 1980, 57-58. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 394 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC property. Slaves were relegated to quarters, similar to those on the plantations, located to the rear of the main house and often near the kitchen. Slaves worked as domestic staff, cleaning, cooking, and attending to their owners’ needs. They also were used for constructing buildings on the estates, tending gardens, caring for animals, and working in the farm fields. Their contributions, while unheralded, were vital to the creation, maintenance, and operation of the summer estates. Slaves, or servants, were welcomed at church services at the Church of St. John in the Wilderness. They occupied front pews with their owners and employers until the slave balcony was built at the east end of the church. A section of the churchyard was set aside for the graves of slaves and freed men on the north side of the church. Records kept by the church indicate the baptisms, marriages, and burials of African American members of the congregation. 145 Following the Civil War, freed African Americans began to explore new opportunities that came with emancipation. Many former slaves and servants who had attended St. John in the Wilderness wanted to form their own congregation, and in 1873, they organized and built their own Mud Creek Baptist Church on Mine Gap Road in East Flat Rock. The church established Oakland Cemetery near the railroad tracks to the north, which was cared for by the Society of Necessity, a benevolent organization for freed blacks. The Society, which was modeled after similar organizations in the South Carolina Low Country, was founded by twentyyear-old Henry Simmons in 1885, to care for members of Flat Rock’s African American community. The Society of Necessity, as its name suggests, assisted its members in times of serious need. Its mission included providing money for medical bills, heating fuel, burial expenses, and burial plots. A 1903 ledger of the group indicates that the cemetery contained 203 burial plots, which were sold at one cent per square foot. Henry Simmons continued to be re-elected president of the organization until his death in 1949, a tenure of sixty-five years. 146 For many years there was no formal schooling in Flat Rock outside of private tutorship. Rev. Thomas Mott tutored at the Barings’ rectory between 1837 and 1842. The Kings also taught classes in the Library Cottage at Argyle. Miss Mary Fowles taught black children at her summer house on Glassy Mountain. Count de Choiseul’s unmarried daughters, known locally as the “Ladies,” opened a school for girls in the late 1850s. They stayed on after their mother, Sarah, the Countess de Choiseul, died in 1859, and their father returned to France. David Urquhart, whose family had purchased Count de Choiseul’s Flat Rock estate in 1858, deeded ten acres of land containing a small house to the “Ladies” for their residence and school. Due to the risks posed by bushwhackers in the Flat Rock area during and immediately following the Civil War, two of the sisters, Eliza and Beatrice, relocated the school to Greenville, South Carolina. In the early 145 Susan Lowndes Allston, Early Sketch of St. John in the Wilderness and Flat Rock, North Carolina (N.p.: Susan L. Allston, 1964), 3. Bailey 1995, 53-54. 146 Greene, 5-10. Bailey 1995, 54. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 395 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC twentieth century, Col. John C. Woodward came to Flat Rock to open a summer military camp and school for boys named the Carolina Military and Naval Academy, which operated from World War I to 1947 on the east side of Highland Lake. After 1939, the school operated under the direction of his son, Maj. C. D. Woodward. 147 While it is believed that there was an old schoolhouse on the Ravenswood property, the first documented public school in Flat Rock was established in the 1870s. The one-room school was located near the present Hillandale Elementary School on the east side of the district. In the 1880s, the school relocated into a house on a portion of Peter Stradley’s property at the northwest corner of what is now Greenville Highway and West Blue Ridge Road. In 1906, a two-story, four-room school was built of frame construction at the same site, and included all grades through high school. The building did not have an office, library, or indoor plumbing. Drinking water was drawn from a well located directly in front of the school. While the frame building was under construction, classes met in Peace’s Store across the road. By 1925, a brick school building with Classical Revival-style details was constructed for elementary grades on the site. Under Principal Ernest L. Justus, it served all grades from one to eleven and was accredited by the state of North Carolina in 1927. 148 The main building had eight classrooms, an auditorium, two toilets, a small library, and an office. It was enlarged in 1932-1934 with the addition of four classrooms, plus a separate gymnasium and a vocational building, called the Bogin Building, which also served as a cafeteria and library. In the 1930s, the elementary grades were moved to a new building on the old site in East Flat Rock, and the school was reorganized as the Flat Rock District High School. It served the Flat Rock, Valley Hill, Pleasant Hill, Crab Creek, Tuxedo, and Green River communities until the present East Henderson High School opened in 1960. The Flat Rock District was the first to levy a local tax to extend the school term, and while other schools were in session just three months each year, Flat Rock had an eightmonth school year. 149 Through the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century, Flat Rock continued to offer special summer attractions for the close-knit society that spent the season enjoying the area. From the beginning the houses were designed for large and small gatherings, and even during the Civil War, the grand parlors hosted gatherings for social occasions. In the 1880s, when the Sieglings remodeled their house, San Souci (Saluda Cottages), in the French Second Empire style, the construction was done to facilitate a billiard room in the front tower and much of the third floor was used as a ballroom. The Flat Rock 147 Patton 1980, 24-25. Bailey, 54. “Our History,” Highland Lake Inn & Resort website (http://hlinn.com/about-us/our-history/; accessed July 2014) 148 Western Carolina Tribune (February 28, 1965). 149 Jones 1985, 17-18. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 396 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Social Club was organized and a clubhouse (no longer standing) built near the mill on West Blue Ridge Road. The club hosted music, card parties, and dances, along with lawn bowling. The recreational sports were by their nature predominantly social events, including boating parties and tennis teas. Many estates and several smaller properties had tennis courts. The pleasant summer activities also included carriage rides, picnics, and swimming. Golf was a popular sport in the Flat Rock area with Ellison A. Smyth building a nine-hole course in his pasture at Connemara between 1900 and 1906. 150 An eighteen-hole golf course was built in 1910 as part of the Highland Lake Club, which was formed by Joseph Holt and a group of South Carolina investors. A ninehole course was added in the 1920s at the Farmer Hotel. As the land became increasingly subdivided, the large estates offered the majority of recreational activities, including hiking and horseback trails, swimming and boating at their lakes, and picnic areas such as that at the cliffs of Glassy Mountain. After 1920, the McCabes offered the spring-fed, clear lake at Kenmure for swimming, charging a minimal sum to meet and swim before mid-day dinner. The tradition continued through the 1950s. 151 In addition to recreational activities, the entire region appealed to a wide range of health seekers, many of whom came to Asheville and Hendersonville in search of relief from a variety of respiratory ailments. In 1894, Dr. Allard Memminger, who spent his summers as a youth at his father’s Rock Hill estate, wrote about Flat Rock's health benefits in the Medical Journal of North Carolina. He stated that Flat Rock was "peculiarly situated and well fitted by nature to be a health resort." He described the geology, soil, water, ozone, temperature, and levels of sunshine as making it a safe health resort for the invalid. 152 Between 1904 and 1912, Heidelberg House opened as a tuberculosis sanitarium. Dr. Arthur R. Guerard, who built the private estate in 1886, doubled its size by 1903, and planned to use the house as a hotel. He and his wife later attempted to open a school for girls, but he sold the property and moved to New York, where he enjoyed a successful career as a tuberculosis specialist. Summer residents come to Flat Rock today to enjoy the cool of the mountains, but few still regard it as relief from disease and sickness. In the early twentieth century, prior to the use of air conditioning, the climate attracted visitors as much for its comfort as for its health benefits. By the 1920s, Hendersonville and Flat Rock—as well as western North Carolina in general—began to see an increasing number of visitors and seasonal residents from Florida pouring into the region. 150 Bailey 2010, 63-65. 151 Reuther 2006, 39. “Our History,” Highland Lake Inn & Resort website (http://hlinn.com/about-us/our-history/; accessed July 2014) 152 Allard Memminger, “The Land of the Sky” North Carolina Medical Journal, Vol. 33, No. 6 (June 1894). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 397 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC On the land encompassed by John Earl’s 1890 land grant, where he erected a mill, a lake formed behind the dam he built for his mill that is the location of two large resort properties, which were developed in the early twentieth century. Earl’s property was later purchased by Henry McAlpin in the 1830s, and then sold to Charles Baring. Baring sold McAlpin’s home site to Thomas Lowndes, where he built his estate, Dolce Far Niente, and subdivided the land for other summer houses erected between the lake to the east and the present Greenville Highway to the west. In 1854, Baring built a two-and-a-half-story frame house that he named Solitude on a hill on the east of the property overlooking the lake. During the 1860s the mill produced corn flour and powered a carder to make grey cloth for the Confederate uniforms. George A. Trenholm, resident of Columbia, South Carolina, and second Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederacy, acquired the property from Baring in 1872, as a summer estate. In 1873, Trenholm sold it to William Aiken, former governor of South Carolina, who gave it to his daughter, Henrietta Aiken Rhett (1836-1918), and her husband Major Andrew Burnet Rhett (1833-1879). In 1910, Mrs. Rhett transferred two lots east of the dam site to her children. Similarly, Henrietta Rhett also platted and sold approximately fifteen small lots on a point of land extending into the lake midway along its eastern shoreline to interested friends. In the 1910s and 1920s, five small summer cottages were constructed on Rhett Drive, as it was known, creating a small enclave of bungalow-type and Colonial Revival-style residences. The remainder of the Rhett property was purchased in 1910 by the Highland Lake Club, a group organized by Joseph Holt and investors from South Carolina. Within a year, the Highland Lake Club built an electrical power house at the base of the dam, completed an eighteen-hole golf course to the north, added two clay tennis courts, and enlarged the lake for boating, fishing and swimming. The group began work on a large clubhouse and counted a great number of Flat Rock estate owners as new members. The club established its own railroad station, called Highland Depot, as an additional stop between Flat Rock and Hendersonville. The old Baring-Trenholm-Rhett House (Solitude) was moved from its original location and served as a temporary clubhouse. A new clubhouse was completed quickly and was described as having a large ballroom, grand dining room, and 340 feet of porches that were fifteen feet wide. Asheville architect Richard Sharp Smith designed the building in a Tudor Revival style. In addition, several picturesque cottages were constructed for members’ use. After two grand seasons, the clubhouse burned and the club ceased use of the property. During World War I, Colonel John Charles Woodward and his wife relocated from Georgia and purchased much of the property associated with Highland Lake Club and golf course to establish the Carolina Military and Naval Academy for young men. Woodward doubled the size of the Baring-TrenholmRhett House to provide dormitory and classroom space for the students and also purchased the rights to the lake for training the young men. The academy does not appear to have survived very long, but Col. Woodward continued to run a school for boys, which was called Camp Highland Lake. The Woodwards constructed a new summer house for their use at 534 N. Highland Lake Road, and while Col. Woodward ran the boys’ camp and academy, Mrs. Woodward operated a girls’ summer camp called Gracemont from their NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 398 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC home and its outbuildings. Col. Woodward directed Camp Highland Lake until his death in 1939, and it was continued into the 1940s by his son, Maj. C. D. Woodward. The property was sold in 1947, when it opened as Camp Brandeis, a summer camp and school for Jewish youth. In the early 1950s the Catholic Diocese of Charlotte bought the camp facility and lake for a boys’ and girls’ summer camp. The camp, called Our Lady of the Hills Camp, constructed cabins and several buildings, as well as remodeling the Baring-Trenholm-Rhett House into a chapel. The lake was renamed Madonna Lake. Our Lady of the Hills Camp operated well into the 1970s, and over the years they rebuilt the original wood dam and eventually demolished both the mill and Baring-Trenholm-Rhett House. Since the mid-1980s, the Highland Lake Inn and Resort has hosted visitors seeking relaxation and recreation at its inn, restaurant, lake, and conference center. 153 The Bonclarken Conference Center, formerly the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds, overlooks the southern end of Highland Lake. The Associate Reformed Presbyterian (ARP) Church purchased the sixty-three-acre estate of Dr. Arthur R. Guerard, known as Heidelberg Gardens. A German-born physician residing in Charleston, Guerard built a large frame house in 1885, which he later enlarged and remodeled into the capacious Heidelberg House. After unsuccessfully using the massive structure as a hotel with extensive formal gardens, a tuberculosis sanitarium, and a school for girls, Dr. Guerard sold the property to the ARP Church in 1921 for its summer conference center, which had previously been held in Gastonia, North Carolina. Since its incorporation as Bonclarken, interpreted to mean “good, clear vision,” the assembly grounds have provided its members and guests with religious conferences and an active camp program for youth. The first boys’ camp began in 1923, and was soon followed by a camp for teenage girls. 154 The Bonclarken Assembly Grounds has continued to grow since hosting its first summer conference in 1922. Heidelberg House, with its sixty rooms, was used as a hotel, along with two other guest cottages on the property and associated outbuildings. Other buildings constructed for meeting rooms and accommodations were made possible through the donations of individuals, families, and member churches. E. C. Stuart of Florida, first chairman of the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds, gave the original water system and built the Missionary Cottage and Ministers’ Apartments in the 1920s to provide low-cost accommodations for those members of the church. As Bonclarken has grown it has acquired additional, adjacent properties, erected a central chapel, and subdivided lots for the construction of private cottages. In 1958, King Creek was dammed to create Bonclarken Lake on the east side of the assembly grounds, and additional recreational facilities— including a ca. 1961 gymnasium—have been built or improved in the second half of the twentieth century. 155 153 “Our History,” Highland Lake Inn & Resort website (http://hlinn.com/about-us/our-history/; accessed July 2014) 154 Murdock, 13-15, 22-24 and 150-151. Draffin. 155 Draffin. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 399 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The effects of the national economic depression in the early 1930s meant that the tourists who once flocked to the region were now staying home. Completion of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park on the border of western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, along with other federal relief projects in the 1930s, brought about a gradual return of tourists to the region. Construction began in 1935 on the Blue Ridge Parkway, with local officials vigorously endorsing a route that passed close to Asheville and near the northwest border of Henderson County. Tourism eventually returned as a major component of the local economy, but the post-Depression era witnessed a significant change in the region’s tourism-based industry. Leisure travelers were no longer characterized as wealthy elites who stayed for a full season at private estates or large resort hotels. Visitors were now more likely to travel in their own car, cover greater distances, and make shorter stays. 156 The popularity of the automobile, and its need for smooth, hard surfaces, brought with it a nationwide push for the construction and improvement of roads and highways. As roads were slowly improved and paved throughout Flat Rock, it gradually transformed the area’s rural character. The sense of isolation and remoteness was replaced by easier access to neighboring towns and increased speeds. Automobile ownership created the need for garages, which were first built as detached structures, not unlike earlier carriage houses, and later were incorporated into the design of the house. The integration of house and garage at mid-century marked significant shifts in the scale and style that became prevalent among Flat Rock’s residential development. In 1920, Greenville Highway through Flat Rock was the first paved county road. While nineteenth century travel had been predominantly a luxury of the wealthy, broader access to the automobile by the middle class opened tourism and the region to a larger population. The tourism industry in Henderson County, particularly in Hendersonville, boomed with hotels, resorts, and boarding houses. In Flat Rock, Thomas and Elizabeth Grimshawe converted the large home of Robert Withers Memminger, which they had purchased in 1911, into a boarding house during the Depression. Located at 2810 Greenville Highway, the house, known as Five Oaks, was opened to female boarders only at first and then later male boarders were allowed on the second story, which they reached from an exterior stair at the rear of the house. The house operated as the Flat Rock Inn in the late twentieth century. While Flat Rock began as a summer resort for wealthy Low Country planters from Charleston, Savannah, and New Orleans, the twentieth century saw a greater number of visitors and seasonal residents arriving from Florida. Easier access to the area expanded its appeal to a broader range of travelers. In 1908, Charlotte businessman George Stephens, a former business partner of Frederick C. Abbott who owned Pleasant Hill (1168 Pleasant Hill Drive), purchased more than 900 acres to the west of the district for the development of a 156 Richard D. Starnes, Creating the Land of the Sky: Tourism and Society in Western North Carolina (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2005), 133-136. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 400 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC summer resort known as the Kanuga Lake Club, and he hired Asheville architect Richard Sharp Smith to design the major buildings. The venture proved to be unsuccessful, but in 1928, the property was acquired by the Episcopal Church and reorganized as a camp and conference center. In addition to youth summer camps at Highland Lake and Bonclarken, two other youth camps are located just outside the district to the southwest. Camp Pinnacle began in 1928, and was formed out a partnership between H. R. Dobson, a football coach from South Carolina, and Miami businessman Van C. Kussrow Sr., who vacationed in Flat Rock. Camp Ton-A-Wandah was founded in 1933 by Grace B. Haynes as a summer camp for girls. Even as Flat Rock lost some of its traditional exclusivity, it remained an attractive seasonal destination for relatively affluent families whose estates and summer houses were gradually becoming less formal and more modest in scale. Similarly, new attractions and activities appealed to an expanding base of travelers whose visits were becoming shorter. 157 In 1945, award-winning author Carl Sandburg moved to Flat Rock. Renowned for his biography of Abraham Lincoln, Sandburg and his family left the frigid Michigan winters for North Carolina, and purchased Connemara from the Smyth family. The estate provided a large house for Sandburg’s writing and extensive collection of books, expansive pastures for Lilian Sandburg’s herd of champion dairy goats, and plenty of room for the family’s three daughters. While in residence at Connemara, Sandburg published over one third of his works including Complete Poems, for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. Following Carl Sandburg’s death in 1967, his wife, Lilian, sold the house and donated its contents to the federal government to preserve the house and land as a memorial to her husband. Connemara was designated as a National Historic Site in 1968 and opened to the public in 1974. 158 The award-winning Connemara Farms Square Dance Team was started by Frank Mintz, Sandburg’s herdsman, in the late 1940s. The dance team practiced in the Connemara barn, frequently with Carl Sandburg and his family in attendance. In 1948, the team placed first at both the Apple Festival in Hendersonville and the Chicago Railroad Fair. While Sandburg lived here he gave at least two performances to benefit the Flat Rock Playhouse, and one to benefit the Opportunity House in Hendersonville. 159 The Flat Rock Playhouse was an outgrowth of the Vagabond Players, established as a summer repertory theater in the area in the 1940s. Formed by British actor-director Robroy Farquhar (1911-1983) in the 1930s, the Vagabond Players first presented summer theater in 1940 in the old grist mill at the edge of Highland Lake Camp. The Old Mill Playhouse, as it was known, offered a second season in 1941, before Farquhar was drafted into service during World War II. When Farquhar reconvened the company in 1946, the old mill was 157 Bishir et al., 315-316 and 320. 158 Steichen, 6-7. Ruscin 2007, 32-34. 159 Reuther 2006, 80-81. Bailey 1996, 44. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 401 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC no longer available and the group utilized a vacant school on Lake Summit in nearby Tuxedo. Following their success, the company returned to Flat Rock and leased Richard I’On Lowndes’ estate, then called Rockworth, at 2610 Greenville Highway. In 1952, they staged performances under a rented circus tent that was erected on a portion of exposed rock surface. Farquhar organized the Vagabond School of the Drama and following a successful fundraising campaign, the Vagabond Players erected a shed theater adjoining the stage house as their permanent home. The theater complex has grown steadily since the 1950s, and in 1961, the Flat Rock Playhouse was designated the State Theater of North Carolina by the North Carolina General Assembly. 160 Following World War II, the emphasis on automobile travel brought about significant changes in accommodations and related businesses across the region. One of the most visible innovations in the age of auto-related tourism was the development of the tourist court, or motor lodge. While traveling by car, visitors typically favored low-cost lodging and services, including convenient auto-oriented motels and restaurants built along the highways. The increase in the number of tourist courts and motels rose through the midtwentieth century in direct correlation to a decrease in the number of hotels and boarding houses. In 1940 only two tourist courts—Morley’s and Towles Cottages—were listed in the Hendersonville City Directory along with ten hotels and thirty-nine boarding houses. By 1945 the number of tourist courts had risen while the number of hotels began to decline. At the beginning of the 1950s eleven tourist courts were listed in city directories along with twelve hotels and sixteen boarding houses. Over the next decade the numbers changed dramatically with listings for fifteen tourist courts, nine motels, nine hotels, and three boarding houses. 161 The tourist courts were typically located along the principal north-south and east-west arteries. US 64, a major east-west road, linked Hendersonville with Brevard and the Pisgah National Forest to the west and Bat Cave, Chimney Rock, and Lake Lure to the east. US 25, which connected Flat Rock with Asheville to the north and Greenville, South Carolina, to the south, was the principal north-south artery in the days before the interstate was built. (Present-day NC 225 follows the original route of US 25 through Hendersonville and Flat Rock.) It was also part of the Dixie Highway system, a series of paved highways conceived of and promoted by Indiana businessman and auto dealer Carl G. Fisher. The Dixie Highway encouraged automobile travel between the Midwest and Florida, where Fisher was actively developing real estate on the Atlantic coast. A number of motor courts were located on US 25 between Flat Rock and Hendersonville, including Towle’s Cottages and the Florilina Motor Court, with many of these located outside the district. Jones’ Deluxe Cottages, also known as Johnson Motor Court or Bonclarken Court, was located on Greenville Highway and Green Acres View Lane near the entrance to the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds. The court 160 Bailey 1996, 11, 15, 23 and 42. 161 Ibid., 136. Hendersonville, N.C., City Directory (1941-42, 1945-46, 1950-51 and 1962-63). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 402 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC was comprised of fourteen guest units on a horseshoe-shaped drive (Green Acres View Lane). The small duplex buildings containing the guest rooms were constructed of various materials—log, brick, and frame— with a one-and-a-half-story brick and stone Period Cottage that served as the office and owner’s residence. Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Willis moved to Flat Rock to run the tourist court. Eugene Brown expanded the Mill House Lodge on West Blue Ridge Road with rental cottages and motel structures in the 1950s and early 1960s. After World War II, Flat Rock began to see an influx of new residents, especially retirees, and the gradual disappearance of the old estate culture and summer society. Many of the traditions of Flat Rock’s summer colony languished with the younger generations. The Church of St. John in the Wilderness, which held services only seasonally, opened for year-round services in 1958, and pew rents were discontinued in 1960. Following Carl Sandburg’s death, his house, Connemara, passed to the federal government for use as a public historic site. As the older generation of caretakers passed away, their knowledge of estate management frequently died with them. The estates typically became smaller, and they were increasingly subdivided for residential development as Flat Rock became a popular retirement and bedroom community due to its proximity to Greenville, Hendersonville, and Asheville. Joseph Kolendo was the first to carve out a substantial portion of from an estate for the creation of a subdivision. The Smythe family sold land at the southern end of their Many Pines estate to Kolendo, which he platted as the Hillandale Subdivision in 1956. A portion of Enchantment along the entrance drive was platted to form the Twin Lakes Subdivision. Campbell Boyd Sr. sold off lots to the north and west of Saluda Cottages that became the Flat Rock Forest Subdivision. New subdivisions continue to be platted to accommodate new residents and retirees, who are drawn to Flat Rock’s mild climate, favorable location, and strong sense of place. Through the second half of the twentieth century Henderson County continued to enjoy its role as a prominent tourist destination, drawing visitors to its youth summer camps, church conference centers, vacation homes, and natural attractions. The Flat Rock Playhouse and the Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site bring a steady stream of visitors into Flat Rock each year. The tourism industry is balanced with a manufacturing sector and agricultural production. Henderson County produces sixty-five percent of the apples grown in North Carolina, which is one of the top apple-producing states in the country. Activities associated with the fall apple harvest have served to further encourage tourism. Though Flat Rock has evolved significantly from the early summer colony of Charleston rice planter families, it remains a relatively small and close-knit community of individuals and families that share a deep attachment to the special character of this place. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 403 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC ARCHITECTURE CONTEXT Like so many other counties in western North Carolina, the topography and natural environment of the region heavily influenced settlement and building patterns in Henderson County, even into modern times. The area that now forms Flat Rock was officially opened for settlement following the Treaty of Hopewell in 1785, although European frontiersmen found their way into the area before that time. The pioneer settlers were small subsistence farmers, who first inhabited the area in the late eighteenth century, and war veterans, who received land grants in exchange for their service during the American Revolution. The architecture of the Flat Rock Historic District represents several layers of building patterns and periods of development beginning in the early nineteenth century and continuing well into the twentieth century. The architecture of Flat Rock is dominated by the substantial summer estates erected in the nineteenth century by wealthy Low Country rice planters, who established a summer colony in Flat Rock to escape the heat and disease of their plantations during the summer months. Beginning in 1827, the large estates of the summer colony were overlaid into an existing, sparsely settled mountain community of subsistence farmers, stagecoach inns, and small milling operations. The early estate properties did not embody or represent the cultural or building patterns of the local region, but instead they imported new architectural styles and design trends that were unfamiliar in the community. These disparate traditions ultimately evolved into a more cohesive community of buildings and landscapes that has influenced building practices and development patterns through the twentieth century. No pre-1827 houses of the early year-round settlers or residents are known to remain. The earliest extant resource in the Flat Rock Historic District appears to be the Mud Creek Cemetery at the intersection of Rutledge Drive and Erkwood Drive. Around 1804, Abraham Kuykendall gave land for the construction of the first Mud Creek Baptist Church, a modest log meeting house, which stood near the center of the cemetery tract. The original structure was later replaced by a frame building a short distance away, and the modern church complex is located on the opposite side of the intersection from the cemetery. The triangle-shaped cemetery tract contains numerous nineteenth- and twentieth-century graves marking the interments of many Flat Rock families. The western edge of the cemetery is bounded by a remnant of the Buncombe Turnpike. The shady roadbed is the only section of the Old State Road (1819-1820), which was later incorporated into the Buncombe Turnpike, to remain unpaved in its original location. Construction of the Buncombe Turnpike, which opened in 1827, helped to open this section of western North Carolina to traders and travelers coming into the region from South Carolina. The earliest extant houses in Flat Rock are the summer houses of the wealthy Low Country planters, in particular Charles and Susan Baring’s Mountain Lodge, built in 1827, and Mitchell King’s Argyle, built in 1830. It is thought that King may have built his two-and-a-half-story Federal style dwelling around an earlier NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 404 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC core structure, but that claim is unproven. 162 Baring and King acquired the majority of land in the Flat Rock area, and with their like-minded friends from the Low Country, they were able to create a summer retreat for a close-knit society whose shared social customs, traditions, and wealth exerted a strong influence on the future development of community. Mountain Lodge and Argyle are not only significant as the earliest examples of the grand summer houses built in Flat Rock, but also for their extensive grounds. In particular, Baring conceived of Mountain Lodge as an English country estate with the manor house sited on a hillside, outbuildings and gardens surrounding the main house, distant framed vistas, a gate lodge, deer park, and a chapel for family worship. While elements of Baring’s plan no longer exist, the two-and-a-half-story Georgian-style dwelling, one-story octagonal billiard house, and stone dairy remain in place. The interior of the house retains a substantial amount of historic finishes including mantels, bracketed cove molding at the ceiling, paneled wainscoting, molded door and window surrounds with corner blocks, and six-panel doors. The main house was remodeled in 1936 by prominent Hendersonville architect Erle Stillwell, who added a full-height portico of Corinthian columns on two sides of the house, a full-height porte cochere, and a one-and-a-half-story servants’ wing to the rear. Set well back from the roadway, the house and outbuildings are approached by a long, tree-lined carriageway that terminates with a turnaround loop in front of the house. Beginning in 1830, King’s Argyle estate was similarly laid out with an avenue of pine trees approaching the house and a full complement of domestic and agricultural outbuildings located to the rear of the house. Like Mountain Lodge, the main house at Argyle has been altered and remodeled over the years, substantially redefining its architectural character. The original two-story five-bay house at Argyle has been transformed a couple of times with the addition of a latticed, Gothic-arch porch in the mid-nineteenth century, which was later replaced by a restrained, classically-inspired two-tiered porch. Despite its deterioration, the elegance of the old dwelling is displayed by the flush-board sheathing beneath the porch, paneled and louvered window shutters, jib doors with nine-light transoms on the façade, and the decorative sawn eave brackets. A wide range of associated buildings stand to the rear of the house, including the twostory servants’ house, a one-story library cottage, caretaker’s house, and numerous barns and sheds. Several Greek Revival-style houses were built in Flat Rock demonstrating the direct influence of Charleston architecture on the design of the summer estates. Christopher Gustavus Memminger’s Rock Hill, present-day Connemara, is the best example of the Greek Revival in Flat Rock. Memminger hired Charles F. Reichardt, a Prussian-born architect living in Charleston, to design the one-and-a-half-story frame house on a raised stone basement. Built in 1839, Rock Hill has later additions at the sides and rear that incorporate revival-style elements, but the pedimented portico and Doric columns dominate the façade of the house. The full-height portico and Doric columns of Tall Trees, formerly known as Greenlawn, were a twentieth century 162 Ray, 86-87. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 405 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC addition to the Greek Revival-style house built around 1848 for Margaret King, daughter of Mitchell King, and Arthur M. Huger of Charleston. Judge King gave eighty acres of his estate to the newlywed couple for the construction of their two-story hip-roof house with bracketed eaves. King gave a large tract to his son, Dr. Mitchell Campbell King, where he erected a two-story double-pile house with Greek Revival and Italianate elements in 1856. Dr. King had a Scottish shipbuilder from Charleston named Freeman build the house, which he called Glen Roy (present Kenmure), with a recessed entrance bay, curving staircase, and raised monitor roof. The McCabe family, who acquired the property in 1920, added a one-story Colonial Revival-style porch and porte cochere. The Gothic Revival style proved to be one of the most popular and fashionable architectural trends among the Charleston families who settled in Flat Rock prior to the Civil War. The style grew out of the picturesque movement, which was promoted to a progressive-thinking and culturally-aware clientele and presented as an ideal American architecture by setting houses within naturalistic landscapes. The picturesque movement was popularized through the designs of Alexander Jackson Davis and Andrew Jackson Downing in publications such as Rural Residences (1837), Cottage Residences (1842), and Architecture of Country Houses (1850). 163 Likewise, the controversy surrounding the design and construction of the Marine Hospital (1831-1833) in Charleston would have been well known to Flat Rock’s summer residents. Designed by architect Robert Mills, the Marine Hospital prominently featured Gothic Revival-style elements such as its two-story portico with lancet-arch end bays. Despite its immense popularity in the mid-nineteenth century, and in Flat Rock, it did not prove to be an enduring trend in domestic architecture. Beaumont estate, built in 1839 by rice planter Andrew Johnstone, contained perhaps the earliest Gothic Revival style house in Flat Rock. The one-and-a-half-story summer house was constructed of locally quarried granite and displayed multiple dormers and decorative bargeboards inspired by the designs of Downing and Davis. Later owner Frank Hayne initiated a significant remodeling of the house in the 1910s, which gave the house its present Tudor Revival appearance. Similarly, Dr. John Gibbes Shoolbred of Charleston built Teneriffe around 1855 as a Gothic Revival-style dwelling with a two-story lattice porch. Cotton broker Hugh D. Vincent acquired the property in the early 1900s and substantially remodeled the house with Tudor Revival style and Arts and Crafts movement influences. In 1850, Mitchell King and Andrew Johnstone commissioned Charleston architect Edward C. Jones to design a comfortable tavern for visitors. Built by Henry T. Farmer, who acquired the inn in 1853 and operated it until his death in 1883, the three-story hip-roof structure exhibits a two-tiered porch, scalloped cornices, interlaced diagonal balustrade, and latticed arch openings. On the east side of the district, around 1859, James Pringle, a Charleston merchant, hired Farmer to erect an ornate two-and-a-half-story frame house known as Many Pines. The Gothic Revival-style dwelling is resplendent with ornate woodwork and 163 Catherine W. Bishir, North Carolina Architecture (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1990), 223 and 249254. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 406 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC sawn details. The two-tiered porch and projecting porte cochere resemble an airy gazebo with turned posts, spindlework friezes, and latticed Gothic arches. Latticed porches became so fashionable in Flat Rock that a number of earlier summer houses had their porches remodeled to follow the Gothic Revival-inspired trend. In the mid-nineteenth century Argyle, Mountain Lodge, and Henry Lowndes’ house known as Diamond in the Desert all had porches that were remodeled in the Gothic Revival idiom with arched openings framed with wood lattice. Edward C. Jones, architect of the Farmer Hotel, was commissioned in 1852 to redesign and enlarge the Church of St. John in the Wilderness. The church began as the private estate chapel of Charles and Susan Baring at Mountain Lodge. Originally built in 1833 and conveyed to the Episcopal diocese in 1836, the chapel was conceived as an English country church in the Gothic Revival mode. The building designed by Jones took on a more Italian appearance with stucco over brick, round-arch windows, solid buttresses, and a pyramidal-roof corner bell tower. The awning-type shutters derive from Low Country sources. Similarly inspired by the picturesque movement, the Italianate style enjoyed a period of popularity in the third quarter of the nineteenth century and several Flat Rock houses display elements of the style. Elliott Place, which is thought to date from around 1877, is the most fully realized example of the style. The twostory five-bay house features an attached one-story wraparound porch, bracketed cornice, two-over-two double-hung sash, molded window hoods, cornice returns, and polygonal end bays. The chamfered porch posts have scrolled brackets on the front supporting the porch eave and decorative sawn brackets to the side. Pinecrest, built around 1885 by Judge Charles H. Simonton of Charleston, displays a wide gable front with an Italianate bracketed cornice, as well as polygonal Queen Anne-style end bays. Pinecrest was identified as the Rhue House in the original nomination for a twentieth-century owner. The Civil War wrought great changes throughout the economic and social structure of the South, and for a time new construction largely came to a halt. After the war, architectural tastes changed as the country entered a period of rebuilding and increasing industrialization. The loss of slave labor had devastating effects on the rice planters, but Southern industrialization created a new labor system that, once again, generated tremendous wealth for a new generation of industrial leaders and mill owners. The heavily ornamented and richly finished architecture of the post-Civil War era, manifest in the Queen Anne and French Second Empire styles, appealed to this new class of wealthy industrialists. 164 A rare example of a towered Second Empire style house, Saluda Cottages is the late-1880s remodeling of an earlier house by Gen. Rudolph Siegling. The original house had been built in the 1830s by Count de Choiseul, French consul to Charleston and Savannah, who acquired the property from Charles Baring and erected three modest dwellings on the property. Following a succession of owners, Gen. Siegling, publisher of the Charleston News and Courier, had the main house remade into a sumptuous two-and-a-half-story residence with a three-story tower, Mansard roof, bracketed cornice, and Corinthian columned porch and 164 Ibid., 273-275. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 407 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC porte cochere. The property also includes a distinctive, eclectic-style ice house built around 1850. The frame structure consists of battered walls covered with weatherboards and a deep cornice, pendant brackets, pyramidal roof, and a paneled square cupola. Following the remodeling of Saluda Cottages, Gen. Siegling built a Queen Anne style house for his overseer, Joseph McCullough, and his wife Sally. The two-story McCullough House, which has since been enlarged, features irregular massing, a steep cross-gable roof, corbelled brick chimneys, polygonal one-story bay windows, and tall two-over-two windows with molded hoods. The Rock, the ca. 1884 house built by Richard I’On Lowndes on a portion of the exposed granite from which the community takes its name, is an Ihouse with an attached two-story porch and one-story polygonal bays on its two side elevations. Three of Christopher Memminger’s sons built Queen Anne style houses on land they acquired from their father. Around 1887, Dr. Allard Memminger built a tall two-and-a-half-story house on a small estate he called Enchantment. The residence exhibited a cross-gable roof, irregular massing, scrolled eave brackets, polygonal one-story bays, and multi-light Queen Anne-type sash. Robert Withers Memminger built a twostory Queen Anne-style house known as Five Oaks in 1888. The front-gable dwelling has an attached onestory wraparound porch with a central second-story bay, sawn bargeboards, sawn rafter tails, and scalloped fascia boards. Later owners used the capacious house as a boarding house and an inn. Memminger’s youngest son, Edward Read Memminger, built his tall Queen Anne-style frame house known as Tranquility on land that had been part of Valley Farm, his father’s vegetable farm. Built 1889-1890, the heavily ornamented house was a wedding gift to Memminger’s wife, Ella Drayton. The cross-gable house is covered with weatherboards and wood shingles and is embellished with a three-story square tower, polygonal bay windows, two-tiered porches, and multiple dormers. The decorative sawn bargeboards, gable end trusses, and cutout balustrades are later additions. Heidelberg House, now the historic hotel at the center of the Bonclarken Presbyterian Assembly Grounds, was begun in 1885 by Dr. Arthur R. Geurard, a German-born physician residing in Charleston. Around 1893, when the Guerards decided to become permanent residents of Flat Rock, he began enlarging and remodeling the structure into a massive Swiss Chalet-like dwelling with a multi-gabled roof, numerous dormers, decorative sawn brackets, and twin three-story towers at the front corners of the building. Built on a stone foundation, the two wings of the 25,000-square-foot frame and pebbledash house were linked by a connecting wing and a rambling one-story porch supported on turned posts with sawn rafter tails, arched and angled brackets, and stained glass spandrels. The interior is finished with rich Eastlake-style woodwork and robust moldings. The Penelope Parker House at 294 Cypress Grove Lane, known as the Sallie Parker House in the original nomination, is a simple two-story front-gable frame house with its entrance on the two-bay façade. Built around 1886, the façade is embellished with sawn rafter tails and an attached one-story wraparound porch with Stick Style details. Slender, paired posts carry the porch, which has decorative scroll-sawn brackets, NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 408 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC drop pendules, and a patterned balustrade. The grand houses of the nineteenth century were in sharp contrast to the simple, functional buildings of the early settlers and farm families that lived in the area prior to the Civil War. By the last quarter of the century, the influence of the grand estates was seen filtered through the architecture and landscape design of smaller scale privately-held properties in Flat Rock. The mechanized production of lumber, nails, and window sash made building considerably more affordable, and mass-produced architectural millwork put a wide range of stylistic embellishments in builders’ hands. The ca. 1885 Andrews House at 2731 Greenville Highway is a good example of a one-story frame dwelling with Queen Anne elements that occupied a smaller outparcel within Flat Rock. The 1.25-acre lot, which was once part of Henry Famer’s property, was purchased in 1885 by the Andrews family, who ran a livery stable that served Flat Rock’s summer residents until 1959. The L-shaped house has an attached hiproof porch with a spindle frieze, decorative sawn brackets, and a molded porch rail with sawn balusters. The gable ends are covered with vertical wood sheathing and have semi-circular vents with cutout floral patterns. Built around 1893, Tuctaway is a two-story, three-bay single-pile frame house located at 2638 Greenville Highway and set back from the road. The general form resembles a vernacular farmhouse with a triple-A roof and has a projecting entrance bay on the first story, weatherboards on the first story and wood shingles on the second, and an attached one-story wraparound porch. A two-story ell and subsequent additions have created a long wing projecting from the rear of the house. Similarly, the house known as Hemlocks at 455 Rutledge Drive is typical of turn-of-the-century vernacular frame houses in Henderson County. The onestory side-gable structure sits on a stone pier foundation and exhibits weatherboard siding, an interior brick chimney, and two-over-two double-hung sash. Built around 1908, the house is believed to have been built on (or in the general vicinity of) the site of Abraham Kuykendall’s tavern. The ca. 1900 Walker House at 647 Rutledge Drive is a cross-gable frame dwelling with an inset entrance bay, wood shingle siding, and an attached hip-roof porch on the side elevation. The simple frame house, which was remodeled with Colonial Revival inspired details in the 1940s, occupies a secluded, landscaped lot bordered by two creeks. Other examples that draw from the local vernacular and common building patterns of the region include Peace’s General Store at the intersection of Greenville Highway and West Blue Ridge Road. Built around 1900, the plain one-story frame building with a tall front parapet has been a community landmark since its construction, not only for its central location, but also as one of the few commercial buildings within the district. The building retains its original storefront with two recessed entrance bays, large windows over bulkheads, and double-leaf doors. The attached hip-roof canopy was likely built in the 1920s when gas pumps were added in front of the building. Brothers Luther and Melton Peace operated the store in the first half of the twentieth century, and it was later run by their nephew Clarence Peace until the 1980s. Melton Peace lived in a one-story frame house with a triple-A roof behind the store. After the turn of the twentieth century, Flat Rock lost some of its exclusivity and mystique as it became NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 409 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC more easily accessible for a wider range of the population. As rice culture faded in the late nineteenth century, cotton replaced rice as the major cash crop in South Carolina and elsewhere in the South. Textile manufacturing created a new society of wealthy industrialists, and a growing middle-class found itself with greater disposable income and increased amounts of leisure time. While the rice planter families originally came to Flat Rock in the summer to escape the heat and miasmas of their plantations, families in the early twentieth century found similar reasons to leave the industrialized cities during the summer months. Railroads and highways spurred tourism and industry throughout western North Carolina in the first decades of the twentieth century, and Hendersonville, like its neighbor Asheville to the north, experienced a tremendous burst of real estate speculation. The staggering numbers of visitors to the area in the 1910s and 1920s were drawn to the region’s natural attractions, famed hotels, health resorts, and mild summer temperatures. Flat Rock, once the dominion of a small, interconnected group of Low Country families, became less exclusive, and in general, the twentieth-century estates and summer houses became less formal in style and more modest in size and scale, although the families that could afford such accommodations remained relatively affluent. Renowned regional architect Richard Sharp Smith, who had acted as supervising architect at Biltmore before opening his own practice in the 1890s, designed a number of estates in Flat Rock and influenced the architecture of several others. In 1898, Smith designed elaborate Classical Revival-style additions to “The Castle,” Count de Choiseul’s residence from 1841 to the 1860s. The two-story residence was constructed of cut granite in a French-influenced style. The estate was purchased by sisters Lucie and Martha Norton of Louisville, Kentucky, who not only commissioned Smith’s additions to the house, but also hired the Olmsted Brothers firm to lay out the formal gardens. Smith completed remodelings for two cotton brokers from New Orleans, Frank B. Hayne and Hugh Vincent, who bought Beaumont and Teneriffe, respectively, in the early twentieth century. Hayne purchased the Gothic Revival-style Beaumont estate in 1909, which Smith redesigned with an eclectic blend of Classical and Tudor Revival style elements. Teneriffe was originally built in the mid-1850s by Dr. John Gibbes Shoolbred of Charleston as a Gothic Revival-style dwelling with a two-story latticed porch. Vincent bought Teneriffe in 1903, and had Smith redesign the two-and-a-half-story house in his distinct Tudor Revival and Craftsman manner. Influenced by his work at Biltmore, Smith created a personal design vocabulary derived from English cottage architecture, Tudor Revival, Colonial Revival, and the Arts and Crafts movement. He redesigned Teneriffe with pebbledash stucco, half-timbering, and a broad wraparound porch with deep eaves, exposed rafter tails, and decorative brackets. McMillan C. King, grandson of Judge Mitchell King, engaged Smith to design a new house for him in 1910. Located north of Argyle, the house, known as Embrook, is a two-story frame residence with a strong horizontal emphasis created by the low hip roof, deep eaves, and an attached one-story hip-roof porch that wraps around two sides of the house. The porch is supported by stout, paneled posts and displays heavy sawn brackets. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 410 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC A prolific architect, Smith’s popularity around the region led to frequent emulation of his personal style. The ca. 1898 Black House at 409 Trenholm Road, which is believed to be a remodeling of an earlier structure, is a tall two-story hip-roof dwelling on a raised brick basement and covered with pebbledash stucco. It features a two-story porch carried on paired columns, modillion blocks, and multiple dormers. The house was built for Rev. Robert M. W. Black, an Episcopal rector who served Flat Rock seasonally in the early twentieth century. Hilgay, on Little River Road, is a two-story front-gable house covered with pebbledash stucco that features irregular massing, interior brick chimney with corbelled caps, twelve-overone-double-hung sash, and a one-story wraparound porch supported by square posts with solid brackets. The summer home of Emma Drayton-Grimke, Hilgay was remodeled and given its present appearance around 1900. The pebbledash exterior and the broad porch carried on posts with solid brackets are common elements in Smith’s designs. The ca. 1905 house built for Ellen King Campbell at 1 E. Boxwood Loop exhibits a pebbledash finish, tall hip roof, modillion blocks, and wraparound porch supported by brick piers and columns with solid brackets. Despite the similarities to a Richard Sharp Smith design, the house was designed by William B. W. Howe Jr., a Charleston architect who spent the summers in Flat Rock. Beginning around the turn of the twentieth century, the Colonial Revival style became probably the most important new design vocabulary embraced across the South, for reasons that were as much symbolic as aesthetic. As an architectural style, Colonial Revival represented a broad rebirth of interest in the early English and Dutch houses of the Atlantic coast states. The nationally prominent firm of McKim, Mead and White popularized colonial architectural precedents through a widely publicized tour of New England to study early Georgian- and Federal-style buildings. The hallmarks of the style included a renewed emphasis on symmetry and a central portico, along with classicized embellishments around entrances, cornices, and windows, but early examples of the Colonial Revival style were rarely historically correct copies of colonial precedents. From 1915 to 1935, architects and builders, armed with a greater understanding of the early prototypes, shifted toward more academic interpretations of the style with carefully studied proportions and details. From the mid-1930s through World War II changing tastes and economic conditions led to a simplification of the Colonial Revival style before it lost favor. A “Southern Colonial” variant of the style emerged across the South to evoke the antebellum architecture of the southern states. Its appeal lay in its associations with an idealized antebellum society, and the expression of familiar Southern Colonial forms and architectural details offered consistency in a time of rapid industrialization and social turmoil. 165 The Pinebrook estate at 2701 Kanuga Road on the west side of the district features a two-story stone and frame Colonial Revival-style house situated at the head of a grass lawn and loop driveway. Built around 1917, the house presents a six-bay façade with a full-height columned portico, decorative front-gable end bay, and a single-leaf entry framed with sidelights. The ca. 1913 Farm Manager’s House (10 Kalimar Heights) formerly associated with Mountain Lodge is a two-story Colonial Revival-style dwelling 165 Ibid., 416-423. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 411 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC constructed of stone and capped by a gambrel roof with three segmental-arch dormers on the front elevation. The Grimball House at 285 Rhett Drive is a two-story gambrel-roof Dutch Colonial Revival-style frame dwelling with two front shed dormers, weatherboards, and an engaged porch on simple columns. Built in 1918, the house was acquired by the Grimball family in 1923. Located near the center of the Flat Rock community, Little Hill is an asymmetrical two-story Colonial Revival-style frame summer house. It was built in 1934 for Henry and Dorothea Laurens of Charleston on land that Laurens’s father acquired in 1907. Designed by J. Herndon Thomas, Dean of the School of Architecture at Tulane University in New Orleans, where Henry Laurens was a professor, the house rests on a stone foundation and is covered with wood shingles. It features a decorative front gable and front-gable wing, brick façade chimney, six-over-six double-hung sash, and an inset entry porch on square wood posts. A two-bay garage is built into the lower portion of the two-story rear ell. A winding gravel drive with stone curb and gutter approaches the house after passing through open and shaded areas. A small, formal garden is located close to the house, and large boxwoods line the driveway to the garage at the rear of the house. At Bonnie Brae, the house built for Charles and Mary Cecil of Charleston in 1938-1939, the main residence follows fairly academic Colonial Revival-style lines with a two-story front-gable block flanked by one-story side-gable wings. The pedimented front gable and cornice are adorned with modillion blocks, and the main entrance is framed with fluted pilasters supporting a broken ogee pediment. Cut granite gate posts mark the entrance to the long, winding drive through the property to the house. A formal boxwood garden with stone curbing bordering the garden paths lies in front of the house. In 1939, William P. “Wick” Andrews and his wife, Alice Lowndes, built a rambling one-and-a-half-story brick and weatherboard house at the southeast corner of Greenville Highway and Lowndes Lane on a portion of the Lowndes family property. Known as “Looking South” for its orientation, the house features gable wall dormers on the south elevation, shed dormer on the north elevation, side wings, exterior brick end chimney, and a classically inspired entrance surround. The house has been enlarged with a screened porch wing and a wood deck. Built in 1938, Beckon Ridge, located at 2372 Little River Road, was reportedly designed by Asheville architect Henry Gaines. The one-and-a-half-story frame house presents a symmetrical three-bay façade with polygonal bay windows flanking the central entrance, gable and shed dormers, and an exterior brick end chimney. Piedmont, the two-story stone house originally built by Rev. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney around 1846, burned and was rebuilt in 1949, as a one-story Colonial Revival-style dwelling on the footprint of the earlier house with a pedimented portico sheltering a single-leaf entrance framed by sidelights and an elliptical fanlight. The house was rebuilt using the original cut granite blocks. It was along the same lines as the original dwelling, but at a more modest scale. In addition to Colonial Revival, the other most popular style for domestic architecture in the early twentieth century were influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement in England and the United States and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 412 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC promoted through Gustav Stickley’s Craftsman magazine (1901-1916). Through his magazine Stickley defined the Craftsman style and became the chief advocate for the ideals of vernacular revival, honest expression of structure, responsiveness to site, and the use of local materials for comfortable domestic architecture. The Craftsman-influenced bungalow became one of the most popular house types to gain widespread use in western North Carolina, which had been adapted from the finely crafted bungalows of wealthy homeowners in California. The comfortable and secure home environment promoted by Stickley and others was the antithesis of twentieth-century commercial and industrial expansion. Craftsman houses rejected the heavy architectural ornament of the late nineteenth century and emphasized the beauty inherent in sheltering forms, natural materials, and fine craftsmanship. 166 A good number of Craftsman bungalows were built in Flat Rock in the early twentieth century that range from large, finely-detailed bungalows to modest frame dwellings with Craftsman-influenced elements. Built around 1910, the two-story house built for Harriett Rhett Maybank at 1050 North Highland Lake Road blends Colonial Revival forms with Craftsman-inspired details. Covered with weatherboards, the imposing dwelling rests on a stone foundation and is capped by a hip-roof with front and rear shed dormers and deep eaves displaying exposed rafter tails. The attached one-story hip-roof porch is carried on square posts, and the windows are sixteen-over-one double-hung wooden sash. Located at 74 Idlewild Lane off Greenville Highway, the house built by Alfred and Margaret Huger known as Idlewild is a large one-and-a-half-story side-gable bungalow visually defined by its front and rear shed dormers and a partially engaged wraparound porch and porte cochere. Built around 1915, the house exhibits interior stone chimneys, exposed rafter tails and decorative eave brackets, and large multi-light windows. The porch is supported by paired square posts with solid brackets on a weatherboarded balustrade. Boxwood, which was designed by Hendersonville architect Erle Stillwell in 1920, is a one-and-a-half-story Craftsman-influenced house with a cross-gable roof, wood shingle siding, and an engaged hip-roof porch. The porch, which extends to form a porte cochere, is carried on fieldstone posts with stone balustrades and steps. The house features stone chimneys, exposed rafter tails, curved porch brackets, and an irregular plan. Caroline Mullally purchased nearly sixty-one acres from McMillan C. King, grandson of Mitchell King, and named the house “Boxwood” after planting 350 boxwoods on the property. The Wood-Maloney House at 1151 W. Blue Ridge Road is another large frame bungalow, but it has more modest materials and finishes. Resting on a stone-pier foundation, the large one-and-a-half-story residence features front and rear shed dormers, exposed rafter tails and decorative eave brackets, polygonal bay windows on the side elevation, and multi-light windows. An engaged full-width porch is supported by paired square wood posts on a weatherboarded balustrade. The house is believed to have been built around 1910 and first used as the Flat Rock Social Club, which was known for hosting popular society dances. It bears some similarities to the Gaud-Coleman House at 267 Rhett Drive, which is a one-and-a-half-story 166 Elizabeth Cumming and Wendy Kaplan, The Arts and Crafts Movement, World Series of Art (New York: Thames and Hudson, Inc., 1991), 107, 122-124, and 141-142. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 413 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC shingled bungalow erected in 1917. Built by the Gaud family of Charleston, the Craftsman bungalow sits on a foundation of cut granite blocks and has front and rear shed dormers, an engaged full-width porch that is now screened, exposed rafter tails and decorative purlin brackets, and multi-light double-hung sash and casement windows. The same one-and-a-half-story side-gable form with front and rear shed dormers and a engaged full-width porch is seen on the Sinkler-Fishburne House, built in 1917 at 68 Mountain Close Lane, and the Ravenel-Robertson House, which was built in 1916 at 174 Mountain Close Lane. Both houses were constructed by a local builder named Bane. The Missionary Cottage located at 170 Pine Drive in Bonclarken was built in 1925 by E. C. Stuart of Florida, the first chairman of the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds. The one-story Craftsman-influenced frame bungalow is typical of the popular interpretation of the style and house type that became prevalent across the region. Simply detailed and affordable, the house sits on a brick foundation and is covered with German siding. It features a front-gable roof with projecting side-gable bays, an attached front-gable porch, exposed rafter tails, and an exterior brick chimney. The porch, which is supported by square wood posts on brick piers, has been enclosed. Built in 1924, the Edney House at 635 Rutledge Drive displays the same basic form and detail. It is a one-story front-gable bungalow with an engaged full-width porch, weatherboard siding, gabled side bays, and an exterior brick chimney on the façade. Laurelhurst, the 1927 home of Dr. W. B. W. Howe, is a one-and-a-half-story bungalow constructed of randomly-coursed stone. An attached full-width hip-roof porch is partially enclosed at one end and carried by columns on stone piers. The house has front and rear shed dormers, a gable-roof rear ell, stone chimneys, and stucco in the gable ends. The Rustic Revival style was popular across western North Carolina in the early twentieth century and significantly influenced a regional architectural aesthetic through the mid-twentieth century. Similar to Craftsman ideals, the Rustic Revival employed abundant local materials to express romantic notions of mountain living and traditional building practices. The use of Rustic Revival was popular for private houses, especially seasonal residences that allowed owners a sense of escape to the mountains without completely foregoing modern conveniences. Hisey Place (110 Old Whiskey Creek Lane), the property developed by the Hisey family of Florida around 1919, includes a two-story Rustic Revival-style house constructed of stone on the first story and weatherboards over frame on the second story. Set within a wooded site near a stream, the house displays an interior stone chimney, metal-clad side-gable roof, exposed rafter tails, and an attached two-story hip-roof porch. The porch is supported by peeled log posts on stone piers on the first story, and the second story has peeled log posts and a balustrade composed of vertical log balusters. Around 1921, McMillan C. King built Tanglewood, a one-story log summer house, on a heavily wooded site at 2991 Greenville Highway. The side-gable dwelling is constructed of square-cut, saddle-notched logs with concrete chinking, stone foundation and interior chimney, and set back side wings. An engaged full- NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 414 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC width porch is carried on rough log posts that have been stripped of their bark. Conrad and Louise Cleveland of Spartanburg, South Carolina, erected a substantial one-and-a-half-story log house at 1853 Little River Road in 1937-1938. The Clevelands, owners of Saluda Cottages estate from 1930 to 1955, found the grand Second Empire style main house too big and too cold to use during the cooler months, so they built the crossgable log dwelling on the front portion of the property for use in the spring and fall seasons. Resting on a stone foundation, the house is constructed of locally hewn chestnut logs with half-dovetail notching. The house has stone chimneys, an inset corner porch, and building materials—including doors, windows, mantels, and bathroom fixtures—salvaged from Conrad Cleveland’s grandfather’s Queen Anne style house in Spartanburg. The Winkler-Sealy House, also known as Hemlocks, at 2533 Little River Road is a rambling one-story Rustic Revival-style house set on a wooded hilltop site. The original side-gable block of the residence was originally constructed of saddle-notched round logs as a Boy Scout lodge in the 1940s. It has an attached full-width shed-roof porch with a tall front-gable entry bay supported by square stone piers. The main block was enlarged with a frame addition covered with waney-edge wood siding and a carport carried on bracketed log posts. Around 2008, a large two-story wing of modern log construction was added to the house. The nearby saddle-notched log house at 2580 Little River Road was built around 1930, presenting a simple onestory front-gable form with an attached front-gable porch, stone foundation, interior brick chimney, and weatherboards in the gable ends. The porch is supported by paired log posts with a log balustrade. A rear wing added around 2000 is covered with board-and-batten siding. The Rustic Revival appears on a number of small cabins and modest houses among the various seasonal residences of Bonclarken and the Highland Lake Inn complex. The rustic character of the house at 30 Pine Drive in Bonclarken, built in 1938, derives from its stone foundation, board-and-batten siding, battered stone façade chimney, exposed rafter tails, and multi-light casement windows. Bay windows on the front-gable wing are capped by wood shingle roofs. The one-story board-and-batten house at 300 Kinross Drive, also built in 1938, features similar materials and details, but has a two-story front-gable block added around 1950. The L-shaped frame dwelling at 39 Sycamore Drive was built in 1950 and features a stone foundation and board-and-batten siding. The simple frame cabin at 260 Kinross Drive rests on a brick foundation and is covered with board-and-batten siding. It has a prominent engaged screened porch, exposed rafter tails, and a small bracketed entry canopy. Five one-story frame cabins located on Lily Pad Lane (117-153) were built around 1920 for Camp Highland Lake. Each cabin has a stone pier foundation, side-gable roof, board-and-batten siding, and an engaged full-width porch. The cabins have two separate interior rooms that are accessed from two single-leaf entry doors on the façade. Six cottages were built around 1940 for Camp Highland Lake on Restful Lane. Unlike the simple cabins, the cottages are one- and one-and-a-half-story frame dwellings rendered in a Tudor Revival-inspired style and appear more permanent than the rustic cabins. The cottages, which have names taken from local flora, exhibit weatherboard and stucco exteriors, multi-gable roofs, brick chimneys, NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 415 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC decorative half-timbering, and attached and inset porches. Beginning in the 1920s a number of eclectic revival styles gained in popularity and prominence, perhaps as a reaction to the reserved conservatism of the Colonial Revival style. In addition to the Craftsman and Rustic Revival styles, a range of modest house types influenced by English cottages, French provincial houses, and the Tudor Revival style emerged in addition to more fully realized examples of these styles. Hopewood, the estate of Reuben and Hope Robertson located at 365 Sherwood Drive, features a two-story French-influenced brick main house that features a five-bay façade and shallow rear wings framing a courtyard and formal garden. A two-tiered semi-circular portico and an inset second-story porch dominate the façade. Built in 1938, the house has a hip roof, interior corbelled brick chimneys, and a one-story arcade extending between the two wings at the rear. Near the top of Glassy Mountain, a one-story granite mausoleum was erected for Roger Richardson Hill, a Michigan native who came to Flat Rock in 1926, sick with tuberculosis, and died in Texas on January 1, 1927. Richardson lived in a tent in the summer and fall in an attempt to improve his health, but before his death he had rock piled on the spot where he was to be interred. The tomb is constructed of ashlar stone and capped by a slate-covered front-gable roof. The entrance, now sealed with stone, is composed of tall vertical stone resembling columns with projecting capitals. A cast iron fence and ten stone pillars surround the structure, which occupies a five-acre parcel deeded by Richardson to himself, in perpetuity. On the east side of Greenville Highway near the entrance to the Bonclarken Assembly Grounds is a oneand-a-half-story Period Cottage that was part of Jones’ Deluxe Cottages, a tourist court located on the Ushaped Green Acres View Lane. Built around 1935, the brick dwelling exhibits a steeply pitched side-gable roof, stone veneer façade, stone quoins at the rear corners, façade chimney, and a gabled dormer. The small, eclectic house appears to have been the central piece of the tourist court, which was also known as the Johnson Motor Court, run by Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Willis. The facility consisted of seven buildings with fourteen guest units. Located at 130 Old Mill Road, Jordan Lodge is a two-and-a-half-story side-gable hotel-type building that is part of the Mill House Lodge complex on West Blue Ridge Road. Eugene Brown of Charlotte purchased the old mill site, which dates back to the 1830s, in 1949, and began renting out rooms for apartments. With increasing popularity, Brown expanded the complex and began offering tourist accommodations. Built in 1952, Jordan Lodge is finished with stone veneer and board-and-batten siding and contains twenty-three guest rooms and suites. Two-tiered exterior corridors extend the full width of both long elevations. Immediately south of Jordan Lodge at 134 Old Mill Road, Lakeview is a one-story motel-type building erected around 1960. The curving structure contains six guest rooms and has a side-gable roof, waney-edge wood siding, and an engaged full-width porch that overlooks Jordan Lake. In addition to Jordan Lodge and Lakeview, the site includes several additional one-story Rustic Revival and brick veneer buildings— Dogwood, Summey House, and Timber Lodge—that were built around 1960 as guest accommodations. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 416 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The increasingly transient population of the middle twentieth century in Flat Rock found accommodations at motels and multi-family apartments. The complex of buildings known as the Maple Knoll Apartments at 2780 Greenville Highway consists of three one- and two-story apartment blocks built between 1954 and 1968. The one-story side-gable frame building constructed in 1954 has been covered with vinyl siding. The two-story stuccoed block built in 1956 features a two-story porch, metal-frame sash and multi-light picture windows, and exterior concrete steps. Two religious buildings constructed around mid-century feature the strong geometry and unadorned exteriors that typically characterized modern design. Dedicated in 1961, Bonclarken Chapel is a one-story brick building dominated by its steeply pitched gable roof that extends to nearly ground level. The chapel was designed by James L. Beam Jr., an architect based in Cherryville, North Carolina. The Flat Rock First Missionary Baptist Church, located at 1222 W. Blue Ridge Road and built around 1960, is composed of a one-story front-gable brick-veneer sanctuary with a distinctly modern frontispiece. Attached to a front-gable entrance vestibule, the frontispiece forms a steeple composed of a steeply pitched brick base surmounted by a metal spire. The steeple mass is accentuated by three vertical bands on the front wall and a metal grille. Since World War II, residential architecture in Flat Rock has largely followed national trends with families not only finding comfort in the familiar domestic imagery of Period Cottages and the Colonial Revival style, but also desiring new and modern stylistic and planning ideas. Minimal Traditional houses offered simplified versions of traditional house forms with restrained embellishment and gained popularity in the 1940s and 1950s. It was succeeded by the Ranch house, whose low-pitched roofs and open floor plans were well suited to a modern lifestyle. The Ranch style house originated in California in the 1930s, but as it was disseminated across the country it was adapted to provide functional one-story living with privacy for all family members at a relatively low cost. Minimal Traditional houses and the Ranch house became the common unit of the first residential subdivisions to be developed in Flat Rock. The Ranch house became nearly ubiquitous in the third quarter of the twentieth century for single-family dwellings, and indeed it forms the basis of the residential subdivisions that began to develop beginning in the late 1950s. Joseph Kolendo, who purchased the land from the southern end of the Many Pines estate owned by the Smythe family, developed the Hillandale subdivision in two phases beginning in 1956 and culminating in 1958. The Twin Lakes subdivision was created on the former grounds of Enchantment. It was platted by Eugene Brown in 1959. While Ranch houses are found throughout early subdivisions such as Hillandale and Twin Lakes, examples of Ranch houses are found throughout the district. There are few notable examples, but the one-story hip-roof frame house at 2792 Greenville Highway is a typical example of a modest Ranch house built in 1954. The house, which is presently clad with vinyl siding, has an interior brick chimney, façade picture window, and a concrete patio carrying across the façade. The Howe House at 133 Laurelhurst Drive was built in 1956, and the one-and-a-half-story brick-veneer dwelling displays Colonial Revival-style elements including three gable dormers, polygonal bay window, and nine-over-nine double-hung sash. Built in 1952, the residence at 3004 Kanuga Road is a one-story side-gable Ranch house NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 417 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC with a single-bay garage in the basement, brick veneer and wood sheathing, interior stone chimney, and a façade picture window. The ca. 1961 one-story hip-roof Ranch house at 2922 Kanuga Road is constructed with brick veneer and has an inset entry porch, interior brick chimney, and two-over-two double-hung sash windows with horizontal muntins. As Flat Rock became a retirement destination and bedroom community for the nearby cities of Hendersonville and Asheville in the second half of the twentieth century, the early estates and smaller residential properties have been subdivided or developed into increasing numbers of housing units. Many of the large estates have been reduced in size as outlying portions of the properties were sold for development. The major estates still exist to a large degree, just on a reduced scale, with the main house set back from the road and the associated outbuildings, open meadows, and major landscape elements remaining around the house. Many of the larger properties have gateposts marking their entrance and winding approach drives defined as tree-lined, or planted, avenues with stone curb and gutters. The placement of the summer houses throughout the landscape may well have been one of the factors that helped prolong the community’s exclusivity for Charleston families until the twentieth century, when it became a more widely known destination. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 418 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC BIBLIOGRAPHY Books, Journals, Magazines and Collections Alexander and Hillhouse Family Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Allston, Susan Lowndes. Early Sketch of St. John in the Wilderness and Flat Rock, North Carolina. N.p.: Susan L. Allston, 1964. -----. The Old Lowndes Place at Flat Rock, NC. Argintar, Sybil H. “Beaumont Local Landmark Designation Report.” Prepared for Flat Rock Historic Landmarks Commission, Flat Rock, NC. November 5, 2014. Arthur, John Preston. History of Western North Carolina. Overmountain Press, 1914. Bailey, Louise Howe. From “Rock Hill” to “Connemara:” The Story Before Carl Sandburg. N.p.: Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1980. -----. Historic Henderson County: Tales from Along the Ridges. Compiled by Terry Ruscin and Joseph Bailey Jr. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2010. -----. Remembering Henderson County: A Legacy of Lore. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2005. -----. Saint John in the Wilderness, 1836-; The Oldest Episcopal Church in Western North Carolina. Asheville, NC: Biltmore Press, 1995. -----. 50 Years: The Vagabond Players Celebrate 50 years of Theatre Magic: Lake Summit Playhouse to Flat Rock Playhouse, 1946-1996. Hendersonville, NC: Coo-Coo Enterprises, 1996. Bailey, Louise Howe, and Jody Barber. Hendersonville and Henderson County: A Pictorial History. The Donning Company, 1988. Bishir, Catherine W. North Carolina Architecture. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1990. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 419 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Bishir, Catherine W., Michael T. Southern and Jennifer F. Martin. A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Western North Carolina. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. C. G. Memminger Papers, 1803-1915 (#502). Southern Historical Collection at the Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Carroll, Maureen A., Lucy Lawliss, and Steven H. Moffson. “Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site (Additional Documentation)” National Register Nomination. National Park Service, Southeast Regional Office, Atlanta, GA, 1995. Cott, Nancy F. Women and War. History of Women in the United States Series 15. Munich: K. G. Saur, 1993. Cumming, Elizabeth, and Wendy Kaplan. The Arts and Crafts Movement. World Series of Art. New York: Thames and Hudson, Inc., 1991. Davis, Ronald L. “Dunroy Local Designation Report.” Prepared for Flat Rock Historic Landmarks Commission, Flat Rock, NC. October 16, 2013. Downing, Andrew Jackson. A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America; With a View of the Improvement of Country Residences…With Remarks on Rural Architecture. New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1841, reprinted. -----. Cottage Residences; Or, a Series of Designs for Rural Cottages and Cottage Villas, and Their Garden and Grounds, Adapted to North America. New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1843, reprinted. Draffin, Mary S. “Brief History of Bonclarken” Bonclarken Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 2 (December 1968). Edgar, Walter, ed. The South Carolina Encyclopedia. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2006. Fain, James T., Jr. A Partial History of Henderson County. New York: Arno Press, 1980. Fitzsimons , Frank L. From the Banks of the Oklawaha. 3 vols. Hendersonville: Golden Glow Publishing Company, 1975-1979. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 420 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Gallagher, Gary W., ed. Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Reflections of General Edward Porter Alexander. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. Greene, Gary Franklin, and the Black History Research Committee of Henderson County. A Brief History of the Black Presence in Henderson County. Asheville, NC: Biltmore Press, 1996. Griffith, Clay. “Lynncote” National Register of Historic Places Nomination. Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Asheville, North Carolina, 2010. Grimshawe, Leeming. Church of St. John in the Wilderness, 1836-1936. Flat Rock, NC: published by author, 1968. -----. Connemara: Formerly Called Rock Hill and a Brief Description of Those Who Lived There, 18361967. Flat Rock, NC: published by author, 1970. -----. Flat Rock 1836-1976: A Brief Description of the Homes in the Olden Times. N.p.: published by author, 1977. Henderson County Records, Henderson County Courthouse, Hendersonville, North Carolina, Office of the Register of Deeds Hood, Davyd Foard. “Bryn Avon” National Register of Historic Places Nomination. Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Asheville, North Carolina, 1998. James Gamble Rogers Architectural Records and Photographs, 1905-1980 (bulk 1905-1937). Department of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library. Columbia University, New York. Jones, George Alexander, ed. The Heritage of Henderson County, North Carolina, Volume I, 1985. WinstonSalem, NC: Hunter Publishing in conjunction with Henderson County Genealogical and Historical Society, 1985. -----. The Heritage of Henderson County, North Carolina, Volume II – 1988. Winston-Salem, NC: Hunter Publishing in conjunction with Henderson County Genealogical and Historical Society, 1988. Jones, George A., and Alexia Jones Helsley. A Guide to Historic Henderson County, North Carolina. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2007. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 421 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Jones, Tommy H. “Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site, Connemara Main House Historic Structure Report.” Report for Cultural Resources, Southeast Region, National Park Service, Atlanta, GA. September 2005. -----. “Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site, The Swedish House Historic Structure Report.” Report for Cultural Resources, Southeast Region, National Park Service, Atlanta, GA. September 2005. Marsh, Kenneth F. and Blanche. Historic Flat Rock: Where the Old South Lingers. Asheville, NC: Biltmore Press, 1961. McKellar, Margaret Maud. Life on a Mexican Ranche. Ed. Dolores L. Latorre. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press, 1994. Memminger, Allard, M.D. “The Land of the Sky.” North Carolina Medical Journal. v 33 n6, June 1894. Memminger, Edward Read. An Historical Sketch of Flat Rock. 1922. N.p.: Marjorie Memminger Norment, 1954. Mitchell, William. Buildings as History: The Architecture of Erle Stillwell. Hendersonville, NC: William Mitchell and Henderson County Public Library, 2006. Murdock, Peggy B.. Bonclarken: A Story of Faith, Hope, and Tenacity. Greenville, SC: Woman’s Synodical Union, 1975. Newspapers: Asheville Citizen Hendersonville Lightning Hendersonville Times-News The News and Courier (Charleston, SC) Spartanburg Hearld-Journal Western Carolina Tribune Olmsted Associates Records, 1863-1971. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Oppermann, Joseph K. “Chicken House/Wash House Historic Structure Report, Carl Sandburg Home NHS, Flat Rock, North Carolina.” Report for Cultural Resources, Southeast Region, National Park Service, Atlanta, GA. September 2007. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 422 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Patton, Sadie Smathers. A Condensed History of Flat Rock (The Little Charleston in the Mountains). Third edition. Hickory, NC: Historic Flat Rock, Inc., and Hickory Printing Group, Inc., 1980. -----. The Story of Henderson County. Asheville, NC: The Miller Printing Company, 1947. -----. Sketches of Polk County History. Asheville, NC: The Miller Printing Company, 1950. Phillips, Laura A. W., and Deborah Thompson. Transylvania: The Architectural History of a Mountain County. Brevard, NC: The Transylvania County Joint Historic Preservation Commission, 1998. Prominent People of North Carolina: Brief Biographies of Leading People for Ready Reference Purposes. Asheville, NC: Evening News Publishing Company, 1906. Ramsay, David. The History of South Carolina, from its First Settlement in 1670 to the year 1808. Vol. II. Charleston, SC: David Longworth, 1809. Ravenel, Harriott Horry. Charleston: The Place and the People. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1922. Ray, Lenoir. Postmarks: A History of Henderson County, North Carolina, 1787 – 1968. Chicago: Adams Press, 1970. Reuther, Galen. Flat Rock. Images of America Series. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2004. -----. The Carl Sandburg Home: Connemara. Images of America Series. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2006. Rhyne, Nancy. Murder In The Carolinas. Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair Publishers, 1988. Richard Sharp Smith Drawing Collection, Asheville Art Museum, Asheville, NC. Ruscin, Terry. Hendersonville & Flat Rock: An Intimate Tour. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2007. -----. Hidden History of Henderson County, North Carolina. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2013. Shaffer, Edward T. H. Carolina Gardens: The History, Romance and Tradition of Many Gardens of Two States Through More Than Two Centuries. Nw York: Huntington Press, 1937. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 423 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Shumate, Scott. “Archaeological Survey at the Pinckney House Site, Henderson County, North Carolina.” Report. Flat Rock, NC: Historic Flat Rock, Inc., 2009. Starnes, Richard D. Creating the Land of the Sky: Tourism and Society in Western North Carolina. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2005. Steichen, Paula. My Connemara. N.p.: Eastern Acorn Press, 1969. Stranger’s Hand-Book of Henderson County and Hendersonville, N.C. Hendersonville, NC: J. D. Davis, 1885. Trenholm, Alicia Middleton. Flat Rock, North Carolina: A Sketch of the Past. Asheville, NC: The Inland Press, n.d. Wheeler, Mary Bray, and Genon Hickerson Neblett. Chosen Exile. Gadsen, AL: The Rutledge Company, Inc., 1980. Williams, Michael Ann. The Architecture of Henderson County, North Carolina. Report for Survey and Planning Section, Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Asheville, NC. 1980. Interviews Interviews were conducted by Langdon Oppermann and members of Historic Flat Rock, Inc., in the late 1990s and early 2000s, unless otherwise noted. A Newton Duke “Newt” Angier (deceased), former owner of Tall Trees, Mountain Lodge, occupant of Cleveland Log House Wick Andrews, owner of Looking South B Mrs. Ballard, son works at Tuctaway Louise Bailey (deceased), owner of Laurelhurst, local historian A. F. “Unk” Barber (deceased), owner of Apple Acres Jean Barrett (deceased), owner of Lockaby House Jill Benton NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 424 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Mrs. Hardy Bowen, grew up at Mountain Lodge Sara Bowers Bowen, owner of Pinecrest Mr. and Mrs. Campbell Boyd Sr. (deceased), former owners of Saluda Cottages Campbell Boyd Jr., former owner of Saluda Cottages Jane Burgin Henry Burke, co-owner of Tuctaway C Preston Camp, longtime resident Junk Case, resident of East Flat Rock Tony Cecil, owner of Rockender, grew up at Bonnie Brae David Christenbury Mary Elizabeth Baynard Christian Beatrice H. Churchill Jim and Evalyn Coad Hogan Corn, longtime resident, caretaker at Many Pines Wayne Corn, maintenance employee at Flat Rock Playhouse Marty Whaley Adams Cornwell, co-owner of Elliott Place D William A. Darity Frances Huger DeSasseure (deceased), former owner of Boxwood Mitzi Gilreath Dudley Loti Kennedy Dunn Tom Dunn, owner of The Wigwam F Carol Faust, former owner of Patton Store and Ellen Allston House G Henry “Bub” Gilreath Eleanor Gorham (deceased), granddaughter of C. G. Memminger Jane Maybank Gregorie Lavinia Maybank Grimball H Clark and Mary Hecker NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 425 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Charles Hill Tom Horton, Porter-Gaud school archivist and teacher Denver and Mary McCall Hoxit Barbara Hubbell T. D. “Bud” Hunter III, owner of Hisey Place Linda Pace Hunter J Barbara Jeter Carolyn Jones Johnson George Johnson (deceased), former president of Historic Flat Rock Inc. Frances Morrison Jones Johnny Jones (deceased), owner of Commodore’s Cottage (Edney-Nelson House) Fred Justice Mabel Pace Justus K Luther Kelly, Levine Museum of the New South, Basketball Series, J. Murrey Atkins Library, UNC Charlotte. Web. (http://nsv.uncc.edu/interview/muke0091; retrieved September 11, 2014) Ruth Kidd Alex King, owner of Arygle Carl King (deceased), former occupant of Apple Acres tenant house Lewis King Jerry King Ricky King, former owner of Dunroy L Peggy Lancaster John and Helen Laurens (deceased), former owners of The Little Hill Betty Andrews Lee (deceased), owner of Highland Fling Jane Jones Lewis M Graham MacPherson, owner of Pinebrook Manor, interview with Clay Griffith, June 2014 Melanie MacPherson, owner of Pinebrook Manor Eva Brock Maloney, co-owner of Lowndes-Wood-Maloney House Burnet Maybank, owner of King-Maybank House NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 426 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC Frank Maybank Virginia Maybank Ernest McCall, owner of McCall House Florence McCall Elizabeth McCoy, owner of Beaumont Frances and James (deceased) McDonald Judith Moore Sarah Jones Moore O Oppermann, Langdon, owner of Many Pines, personal communication with Clay Griffith, November 2009 and September 2014 P Dennis and Sandy Page, former owners of Flat Rock Inn Susan Pardee Georgia Paxton (deceased), former owner of Longwood (Black House) Penelope Parker Peterson (deceased), owner of Oak Knoll Elise Pinckney, former owner of Hemlocks at 455 Rutledge Drive Hortence Potts R Elizabeth Poole Robe Edwin Robertson Mitzi Robertson S Alex and Missy Schenk, owners of Schenk House Laurie Schenck (deceased), owner of Rutledge Cottage Marvin Seibold, owner of Tenneriffe, interview with Clay Griffith, September 2014 Jane Singleton (deceased), owner of Embrook Henry B. Smythe Cheves McC. Smythe Dick and Suzanne Stanland, former owners of Greenwood Kathryn Strohl, co-owner of Lowndes-Wood-Maloney House NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 427 T David Tankersley, owner of Grimshawe House Michael Thompson, owner of Dunroy Nina Todd W Lucile Walker (deceased), owner of Ficklen House Betty Cleveland Welch Nancy Hill Westall Emily Fishburne Whaley, co owner of Elliott Place Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 10 Page 428 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC LATITUDE AND LONGTITUDE COORDINATES – SEE MAP 9 1. 35.280544, -82.489296 2. 35.291008, -82.455369 3. 35.286708, -82.422098 4. 35.250113, -82.424342 5. 35.250127, -82.447796 6. 35.259893, -82.461537 7. 35.259319, -82.484663 8. 35.271709, -82.501402 VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION The Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation consists of several increase and decrease areas to the existing boundary of the Flat Rock Historic District, which was listed in the National Register in 1973. The boundary of the existing district is shown on the accompanying set of eight maps at a scale of one inch equals 200 feet. The Boundary Increase areas are demarcated from the original district boundary by a black dashed line and outlined in a solid black line where the revised boundary line is drawn. Boundary Increase areas are covered with dots on the accompanying maps. The Boundary Decrease areas are partially outlined in a heavy solid black line delinating the revised boundary line, and by a black dashed line where the original historic district boundary was drawn. The decrease areas are covered with hatched black lines on the accompanying maps. Map 9 is a larger scale schematic map of the district, the boundary increase areas, the boundary decrease areas, the revised boundary, and the photo views. BOUNDARY JUSTIFICATION The nominated boundary for the Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease, and Additional Documentation includes historic resources contiguous with the existing historic district and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 10 Page 429 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC associated with Flat Rock’s continuing development as a popular summer resort in the twentieth century. Much of the boundary follows the defined limits of the existing historic district, but is increased to include additional acreage or historic resources adjacent to the district or decreased on the district edge where there has been a total loss of integrity. Discrepancies found in the original nomination between the verbal boundary description and the boundary map have been resolved with this additional documentation nomination. The Boundary Increase areas are typically additions of a small number of resources located around the boundary of the existing district or additional acreage added by the inclusion of full tax parcels where the primary resource contributes to the district. These areas include three early-twentieth-century resources on the north side of Rutledge Drive, as well as an early-twentieth-century summer house and caretaker’s house located on the northwest side of Kanuga Road. The southwest section of the existing boundary was delineated as a straight line heading east from the intersection of Mud Creek and Little River Road to the peak of Glassy Mountain. By following the route of Little River Road, several properties previous bisected by the straight line boundary have been included in the Boundary Increase, along with four tax parcels for twentieth-century resources on the south side of the road. Additional forested acreage on the west and southwest slopes of Glassy Mountain, which includes exposed rock faces and popular recreational trails, is incorporated by increasing the boundary to incorporate the full extent of the tax parcels associated with Hisey Place and Connemara, as well as the southern end of three adjacent parcels. Situated near the peak of Glassy Mountain, the Tomb of Roger Richardson Hill occupies a wooded parcel contiguous with the Connemara property and accessed by trails from the Connemara tract. At the southeastern point of the current historic district, the Boundary Increase adds the southern portion of McCabe’s Lake, part of which was excluded from the original historic district. Also, acreage associated with, and one resource circumscribed by the Rutledge Cottage tract, which was divided by a straight line boundary connecting to Greenville Highway, is added. On the east side of Greenville Highway, the Boundary Increase adds acreage by taking in the full extent of the tax parcels associated with Argyle, Boxwood, and Bonnie Brae estates. The Boundary Decrease eliminates a number of areas from the historic district where there has been a total loss of historic integrity, typically due to new construction. In the northeast point of the district, one triangle-shaped parcel containing a modern commercial building is removed from the district. The parcel is bordered by the railroad tracks and North Highland Lake Road. Along the northwestern section of the district, portions of the Dunroy on Rutledge and Chanteloup Country Estates subdivisions, located between Rutledge Drive and Mud Creek, have been removed. The areas have been developed for residential neighborhoods. The current district boundary line in this area is drawn immediately northwest of the tax parcel where Dunroy still stands, and north of Chanteloup on Estate Drive to exclude new subdivision houses. Portions of five streets in the Beaumont Estates subdivision are located within the Boundary Decrease, where the existing boundary follows an arbitrary straight line between Mud Creek and Kanuga Road through the late-twentieth century neighborhood. The new boundary is drawn to include some of the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 10 Page 430 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC setting surrounding Beaumont, including the lake, and eliminates modern residential development along the edges of the district. The large Woodhaven subdivision in the southwestern section of the district, and located north of Little River Road, was developed beginning in the 1980s. The district boundary line is drawn to remove the entire subdivision from the district. Land historically associated with Pleasant Hill and open lands flanking Mud Creek now serve as the district boundary. Farther east along Little River Road, the Teneriffe subdivision, begun in the 1970s, and portions of the Stonebridge subdivision, which was developed beginning in the late 1970s are removed from the district as they have resulted in a significant loss of integrity to what would have been an undeveloped estate landscape. In the southern portion of the district, the Boundary Decrease includes much of the Kenmure subdivision west of Kenmure house, begun in the 1980s, and the adjacent Berwick Downs development, which was platted in 2008. The current district boundary continues east from the Hill Tomb following the northern limits of the Kenmure development to Greenville Highway. From Greenville Highway, the current district boundary follows the north side of the entrance road into Kenmure (now the Kenmure Country Club) which also accesses the Kenmure Subdivision to the west. The boundary then extends along the southern edge of townhouses on Winding Meadows Drive to a golf cart path that extends along the east side of the golf course practice range. The golf cart path connects to Clubhouse Drive just north of the main house, which is located at 100 Clubhouse Drive. This boundary line has been drawn to exclude the extensive modern sports facility development at the far west end of the country club. It is immediately adjacent to the modern Kenmure subdivision. To the east of McCabe’s Lake, the current district boundary line is drawn along the south side of the country club golf course to exclude the very northern area of the modern Kenmure subdivision along Pineholt Lane, thus correcting the original straight boundary line drawn east to Rutledge Cottage. On the east side of Greenville Highway, the Boundary Decrease removes a triangular shaped portion of the Claremont subdivision, which developed in the late twentieth century on land sold off from Argyle. Two additional areas to the north along the eastern edge of the district are within the boundary decrease. A small piece of wooded land located south of Bonnie Brae and north of Boxwood, does not have current associations with either estate. The boundary follows a stream on the south and the southern boundary of Bonnie Brae on the north. North and east of Bonnie Brae the western portion of a parcel containing a large modern public school is included in the Boundary Decrease due to the total loss of integrity. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Photographs Page 431 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC The following information pertains to each of the photographs: Name of Property: Location: County: Name of Photographer: Date of Photographs: Location of Digital Master: Flat Rock Historic District, Boundary Increase, Boundary Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, North Carolina Henderson County Clay Griffith, Acme Preservation Services as noted Historic Preservation Office North Carolina Division of Archives and History 109 E. Jones Street Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807 Photographs: 1. Connemara, 554 Carl Sandburg Drive, façade, view to southwest, June 2014 2. Mountain Lodge, 486 Rutledge Drive, porte cochere entrance, view to southeast, September 2014 3. Tenneriffe, 2531 Little River Road, façade, view to southwest, September 2014 4. Pinecrest, 114 E. Pinecrest Drive, façade, view to south, September 2014 5. Old Flat Rock Post Office, 118 Village Center Lane, oblique front view to southeast, September 2014 6. Andrews House, 2731 Greenville Highway, oblique view to south, March 2014 7. Susan Allston House, 245 Assembly Drive, façade, view to northwest, September 2014 8. Robert Withers Memminger House, 2810 Greenville Highway, oblique front view to southeast, March 2014 9. Oakland Cemetery, East side of Highland Park Road, view to northwest, January 2014 10. Peace’s Store, 2710-2712 Greenville Highway, façade, view to east, October 2014, non-contributing resource 11. Ellen King Campbell House, I E. Boxwood Loop, façade, view to northeast, October 2014 12. Gaud-Coleman House, 267 Rhett Drive, façade, view to south, October 2014 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Photographs Page 432 Flat Rock Historic District Boundary Increase, Decrease and Additional Documentation Flat Rock, Henderson County, NC 13. Bogin Building (Flat Rock High School), 2700 Greenville Highway, façade, view to south, March 2014 14. House, 300 Kinross Drive, façade, view to southwest, September 2014 15. Jones’ Deluxe Cottages, 77 and 83 Green Acres View Lane, oblique view to southeast, October 2014 16. Flat Rock First Missionary Baptist Church, 1222 W. Blue Ridge Road, oblique front view to southwest, October 2014 17. House, 805 W. Blue Ridge Road, oblique view to north, September 2014 18. House, 113 Glengary Drive, façade, view to south, September 2014 19. Hemlocks, 455 Rutledge Drive, oblique front view to northwest, October 2014 (Boundary increase) 20. Walker House, 647 Rutledge Drive, oblique front view to north, March 2014 (Boundary increase) 21. Pinebrook, 2701 Kanuga Road, façade, view to northwest, June 2014 (Boundary increase) 22. McCabe’s Lake, south side of Clubhouse Drive, view to southeast, March 2014 (Boundary increase) 23. House, 2580 Little River Road, façade, view to south, October 2014 (Boundary increase) 24. Acreage adjoining Mud Creek, view to northeast from Middleton Road, September 2014 (Boundary increase) 25. Commercial Building, 398 N. Highland Lake Road, façade, view to south, March 2014 (Boundary decrease) 26. Hillandale Elementary School (foreground), 40 Preston Lane, and Flat Rock Junior High School (background), 191 Preston Lane, view to southwest, October 2014 (Boundary decrease) 27. Beaumont Estates subdivision, 35 Beaumont Drive, view to northwest, September 2014 (Boundary decrease) 28. Berwick Downs subdivision, Shipman Parkway, view to west from Greenville Highway, September 2014 (Boundary decrease)