2015 SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX CONFIDENTIAL – NOT FOR USE BEFORE 9 APRIL 2015 Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress WHAT IS THE SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX? What is SPI? GDP + SPI = INCLUSIVE GROWTH GDP Social Progress Imperative Basic Human Needs Foundations of Opportunity Wellbeing 2 #socialprogress WHY DO WE NEED THE SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX? Why SPI? GDP provides an incomplete picture of human and societal development. The complexities of the 21st century require a new measure of progress as a complement to GDP. Basic Human Needs Foundations of Wellbeing Nutrition & Basic Medical Care Access to Basic Knowledge Personal Rights Water & Sanitation Information & Communications Personal Freedom & Choice Shelter Health and Wellness Tolerance & Inclusion Personal Safety Ecosystem Sustainability Advanced Education Social Progress Imperative 3 Opportunity #socialprogress DEFINITION OF SOCIAL PROGRESS The Social Progress Imperative defines social progress as “ the capacity of a society to meet the basic human needs of its citizens, establish the building blocks that allow citizens and communities to enhance and sustain the quality of their lives, and create the conditions for all individuals to reach their full potential. ” Social Progress Imperative 4 #socialprogress THE COMPLETE FRAMEWORK Social Progress Index Basic Human Needs Foundations of Wellbeing Opportunity Nutrition and Basic Medical Care Access to Basic Knowledge Personal Rights • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Undernourishment Depth of food deficit Maternal mortality rate Child mortality rate Deaths from infectious diseases Adult literacy rate Primary school enrollment Lower secondary school enrollment Upper secondary school enrollment Gender parity in secondary enrollment Political rights Freedom of speech Freedom of assembly/association Freedom of movement Private property rights Water and Sanitation Access to Information and Communications Personal Freedom and Choice • Access to piped water • Rural access to improved water source • Access to improved sanitation facilities • Mobile telephone subscriptions • Internet users • Press Freedom Index • Freedom over life choices • Freedom of religion • Early marriage • Satisfied demand for contraception • Corruption Shelter Health and Wellness Tolerance and Inclusion • • • • • Life expectancy • Premature deaths from non-communicable diseases • Obesity rate • Outdoor air pollution attributable deaths • Suicide rate • Tolerance for immigrants • Tolerance for homosexuals • Discrimination and violence against minorities • Religious tolerance • Community safety net Personal Safety Ecosystem Sustainability Access to Advanced Education • • • • • • Greenhouse gas emissions • Water withdrawals as a percentage of resources • Biodiversity and habitat • • • • Availability of affordable housing Access to electricity Quality of electricity supply Indoor air pollution attributable deaths Homicide rate Level of violent crime Perceived criminality Political terror Traffic deaths Social Progress Imperative 5 Years of tertiary schooling Women’s average years in school Inequality in the attainment of education Globally ranked universities #socialprogress WHAT DOES THE SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX TELL US ABOUT THE WORLD? Social Progress Imperative 6 #socialprogress IF THE WORLD WERE A COUNTRY, IT WOULD RANK SOMEWHERE BETWEEN CUBA AND KAZAKHSTAN 90 80 70 Score 60 50 87.47 85.98 40 68.57 30 61.00 60.99 63.56 64.67 56.27 61.23 51.60 43.10 20 42.36 46.24 10 0 Social Progress Index Nutrition and Basic Medical Care Water and Sanitation Shelter Personal Safety Basic Human Needs Social Progress Imperative Access to Basic Knowledge Access to Health and Information Wellness and Communication Ecosystem Sustainability Foundations of Wellbeing 7 Personal Rights Personal Tolerance and Freedom and Inclusion Choice Access to Advanced Education Opportunity #socialprogress THE WORLD IS DOING BEST IN AREAS THAT HAVE BEEN THE FOCUS OF THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS 90 80 70 Score 60 50 87.47 85.98 40 68.57 30 61.00 60.99 63.56 64.67 56.27 61.23 51.60 43.10 20 42.36 46.24 10 0 Social Progress Index Nutrition and Basic Medical Care Water and Sanitation Shelter Personal Safety Basic Human Needs Social Progress Imperative Access to Basic Knowledge Access to Health and Information Wellness and Communication Ecosystem Sustainability Foundations of Wellbeing 8 Personal Rights Personal Tolerance and Freedom and Inclusion Choice Access to Advanced Education Opportunity #socialprogress THE WORLD STRUGGLES MOST WITH PERSONAL RIGHTS AND TOLERANCE AND INCLUSION 90 80 70 Score 60 50 87.47 85.98 40 68.57 30 61.00 60.99 63.56 64.67 56.27 61.23 51.60 43.10 20 42.36 46.24 10 0 Social Progress Index Nutrition and Basic Medical Care Water and Sanitation Shelter Personal Safety Basic Human Needs Social Progress Imperative Access to Basic Knowledge Access to Health and Information Wellness and Communication Ecosystem Sustainability Foundations of Wellbeing 9 Personal Rights Personal Tolerance and Freedom and Inclusion Choice Access to Advanced Education Opportunity #socialprogress THOUGH NOT THE WORST AREA OF PERFORMANCE, ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY IS AT RISK OF GETTING WORSE 90 80 70 Score 60 50 87.47 85.98 40 68.57 30 61.00 60.99 63.56 64.67 56.27 61.23 51.60 43.10 20 42.36 46.24 10 0 Social Progress Index Nutrition and Basic Medical Care Water and Sanitation Shelter Personal Safety Basic Human Needs Social Progress Imperative Access to Basic Knowledge Access to Health and Information Wellness and Communication Ecosystem Sustainability Foundations of Wellbeing 10 Personal Rights Personal Tolerance and Freedom and Inclusion Choice Access to Advanced Education Opportunity #socialprogress WHAT DOES THE SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX TELL US ABOUT COUNTRIES? Social Progress Imperative 11 #socialprogress SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2015 RESULTS MAP Tier Very High High Medium High Medium Low Low Very Low Unrated Social Progress Imperative 12 #socialprogress 2015 SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX RESULTS Social Progress categorization: •  SPI rank 01 – 10: very high •  SPI rank 57 –98: lower middle •  SPI rank 11 – 31: high •  SPI rank 99 – 125: low •  SPI rank 32 – 56: upper middle •  SPI rank 125 – 133: very low SPI rank SPI score Country SPI rank SPI score Country SPI rank SPI score Country SPI rank SPI score Country 1 88.36 Norway 18 81.91 Portugal 35 74 Lithuania 52 68.19 Albania 2 88.06 Sweden 19 81.62 Slovenia 36 73.66 Mauritius 53 67.79 Macedonia 3 87.97 Switzerland 20 81.17 Spain 37 73.3 Croatia 54 67.5 Mexico 4 87.62 Iceland 21 80.82 France 38 73.08 Argentina 55 67.23 Peru 5 87.08 New Zealand 22 80.59 Czech Republic 39 72.79 United Arab Emirates 56 67.1 Paraguay 6 86.89 Canada 23 80.49 Estonia 40 72.6 Israel 57 66.34 Thailand 7 86.75 Finland 24 79.21 Uruguay 41 71.79 Panama 58 66.24 Turkey 8 86.63 Denmark 25 78.45 Slovakia 42 70.89 Brazil 59 66.15 Bosnia and Herzegovina 9 86.5 Netherlands 26 78.29 Chile 43 70.19 Bulgaria 60 65.89 Georgia 10 86.42 Australia 27 77.98 Poland 44 69.83 Jamaica 61 65.7 Armenia 11 84.68 United Kingdom 28 77.88 Costa Rica 45 69.79 Serbia 62 65.69 Ukraine 12 84.66 Ireland 29 77.7 Korea, Republic of 46 69.55 Malaysia 63 65.64 South Africa 13 84.45 Austria 30 77.45 Cyprus 47 69.19 Kuwait 64 65.46 Philippines 14 84.04 Germany 31 77.38 Italy 48 69.01 Montenegro 65 65.22 Botswana 15 83.15 Japan 32 74.8 Hungary 49 68.85 Colombia 66 64.98 Belarus 16 82.85 United States 33 74.12 Latvia 50 68.37 Romania 67 64.92 Tunisia 17 82.83 Belgium 34 74.03 Greece 51 68.25 Ecuador 68 64.31 El Salvador Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress 13 Social Progress categorization: •  SPI rank 01 – 10: very high •  SPI rank 57 –98: lower middle •  SPI rank 11 – 31: high •  SPI rank 99 – 125: low •  SPI rank 32 – 56: upper middle •  SPI rank 125 – 133: very low 2015 SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX RESULTS SPI rank SPI score Country SPI rank SPI score Country SPI rank SPI score Country SPI rank SPI score Country 69 64.27 Saudi Arabia 86 60.47 Indonesia 103 52.27 Lesotho 120 46.02 Mozambique 70 63.68 Moldova 87 60.42 Guyana 104 51.67 Kenya 121 45.85 Mauritania 71 63.64 Russia 88 60.1 Sri Lanka 105 51.62 Zambia 122 45.66 Pakistan 72 63.45 Venezuela 89 59.91 Egypt 106 51.6 Rwanda 123 44.89 Liberia 73 63.36 Bolivia 90 59.71 Uzbekistan 107 50.94 Swaziland 124 44.5 Madagascar 74 63.31 Jordan 91 59.56 Morocco 108 50.04 Benin 125 43.31 Nigeria 75 62.71 Namibia 92 59.07 China 109 49.6 Congo, Republic of 126 41.04 Ethiopia 76 62.62 Azerbaijan 93 58.58 Kyrgyzstan 110 49.49 Uganda 127 40.56 Niger 77 62.47 Dominican Republic 94 58.29 Ghana 111 48.95 Malawi 128 40.3 Yemen 78 62.2 Nicaragua 95 56.82 Iran 112 48.82 Burkina Faso 129 40 Angola 79 62.19 Guatemala 96 56.49 Tajikistan 113 48.35 Iraq 130 39.6 Guinea 80 61.85 Lebanon 97 56.46 Senegal 114 47.42 Cameroon 131 35.4 Afghanistan 81 61.52 Mongolia 98 55.33 Nepal 115 47.27 Djibouti 132 33.17 Chad 82 61.44 Honduras 99 53.96 Cambodia 116 47.14 Tanzania 133 31.42 Central African Republic 83 61.38 Kazakhstan 100 53.39 Bangladesh 117 46.66 Togo 84 60.83 Cuba 101 53.06 India 118 46.51 Mali 85 60.66 Algeria 102 52.41 Laos 119 46.12 Myanmar Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress 14 SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2015 – RESULTS BY REGION North America Europe 90 85 80 Social Progress Index 75 NOR SWECHE ISL DNK NLD FIN PRT ESP 70 65 URY CHL CRI ROU UKR ARM GEO MDA SRB MNE ALB MKD TUR BIH BLR RUS AZE JAM SLV CUB MYS COL ECU PER PRY MEX DOM MUS ARE ISR BRA GTM NIC HND KWT THA PHL SAU JOR VEN BOL GUY IDN CHN MNG KAZ UZB KGZ TJK 55 KHM LBN LKA EGY NAM DZA MAR GHA IRN SEN BGD IND LAO KEN RWA IRQ Tier ZAF BWA TUN NPL 50 40 Oceania KOR ARG PAN 60 45 Sub-Saharan Africa JPN USA BGR Middle East & North Africa NZL AUS HUN LTU GRC HRV LVA East Asia & Pacific Central & South Asia CAN IRL AUT DEU BEL SVN FRA CZE EST SVK POL CYP ITA GBR Latin America & Caribbean MMR COG UGA CMR DJI TZA PAK Very High MWI MOZ MDG High ETH YEM Medium High LSO ZMB SWZ AGO BEN BFA TGO MLI MRT LBR NGA NER GIN Medium Low 35 AFG Low TCD Very Low CAF 30 European Union+ non-EU Europe North Caribbean Central America America Social Progress Imperative South America East Asia Southeast Asia Central Asia 15 South Asia Middle East North Africa Central Africa Eastern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa Oceania #socialprogress WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX AND GDP PER CAPITA? Social Progress Imperative 16 #socialprogress SOCIAL PROGRESS DOES INCREASE WITH GDP PER CAPITA BUT ECONOMIC GROWTH IS NOT THE WHOLE STORY 90 80 Social Progress Index 70 60 50 40 Correlation = 0.78 30 20 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 GDP per capita (PPP) Social Progress Imperative 17 #socialprogress SOME ASPECTS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS IMPROVE LITTLE WITH GREATER WEALTH 90 80 70 Component Score 60 50 40 30 Component and correlation to GDP per capita 20 Health and Wellness correlation = 0.32 Ecosystem Sustainability correlation = 0.11 10 0 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 GDP per capita (PPP) Social Progress Imperative 18 #socialprogress GDP IS NOT DESTINY Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress SOME COUNTRIES CAN EXPERIENCE SIMILAR LEVELS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS AND VASTLY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) 90 New Zealand achieves a level of social progress (87.08) almost as high as Norway (88.36) at a GDP per capita that is half that of Norway ($32,808 versus $62,448). 80 Social Progress Index 70 60 50 40 Correlation = 0.78 30 20 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 GDP per capita (PPP) Social Progress Imperative 20 #socialprogress SOME COUNTRIES CAN EXPERIENCE SIMILAR LEVELS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS AND VASTLY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) 90 Costa Rica achieves an SPI of 77.58 with a GDP per capita of only $13,431, ahead of Italy and South Korea, which have nearly three times the GDP per capita ($34,167 and $32,708). 80 Social Progress Index 70 60 50 40 Correlation = 0.78 30 20 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 GDP per capita (PPP) Social Progress Imperative 21 #socialprogress SOME COUNTRIES CAN EXPERIENCE SIMILAR LEVELS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS AND VASTLY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) 90 Paraguay achieves the same level of social progress (67.10) as Mexico (67.50) with less than half the GDP per capita ($7,833 versus $16,291). 80 Social Progress Index 70 60 50 40 Correlation = 0.78 30 20 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 GDP per capita (PPP) Social Progress Imperative 22 #socialprogress WHILE OTHER COUNTRIES CAN EXPERIENCE VASTLY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS DESPITE SIMILAR LEVELS OF GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) 90 Estonia achieves a much higher level of social progress (80.49) than Russia (63.64) at a similar level of GDP per capita ($25,132 versus $23,564). 80 Social Progress Index 70 60 50 40 Correlation = 0.78 30 20 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 GDP per capita (PPP) Social Progress Imperative 23 #socialprogress WHILE OTHER COUNTRIES CAN EXPERIENCE VASTLY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SOCIAL PROGRESS DESPITE SIMILAR LEVELS OF GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) 90 Bangladesh achieves higher social progress (53.39) than Pakistan (45.66) at lower GDP per capita ($2,853 versus $4,454). 80 Social Progress Index 70 60 50 40 Correlation = 0.78 30 20 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 GDP per capita (PPP) Social Progress Imperative 24 #socialprogress OVER AND UNDER-PERFORMANCE ON SOCIAL PROGRESS RELATIVE TO ECONOMIC PEERS COUNTRY PERFORMANCE IS MEASURED AGAINST A GROUP OF 15 COUNTRIES MOST SIMILAR IN GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) USING A 4-YR AVERAGE. THE FOLLOWING 2 SLIDES SHOW COUNTRIES THAT OVER AND UNDER-PERFORM RELATIVE TO THEIR ECONOMIC PEER COHORT GROUPS. Social Progress Imperative 25 #socialprogress COUNTRIES OVER-PERFORMING ON SOCIAL PROGRESS RELATIVE TO GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) Country Costa Rica Uruguay Moldova Nicaragua New Zealand Mauritius Senegal Region Rwanda Oceania Europe Central & South Asia Latin America & Caribbean Kyrgyzstan Nepal Jamaica Sub-Saharan Africa Chile Tajikistan Sweden Serbia 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 Amount of Over-Performance Over-performance can signal very strong performance in social progress (e.g. Costa Rica, New Zealand, Rwanda). Some countries’ relative over-performance may be a sign of economic decline rather than success in creating social progress (e.g. Moldova, Kyrgyzstan). Social Progress Imperative 26 #socialprogress COUNTRIES UNDER-PERFORMING ON SOCIAL PROGRESS RELATIVE TO GDP PER CAPITA (PPP) Country Cou ty United States France Venezuela Region Azerbaijan Indonesia North America Europe East Asia & Pacific Central & South Asia Latin America & Caribbean Middle East & North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Dominican Republic Sri Lanka Mauritania Ethiopia Lebanon Italy Niger Pakistan Algeria Egypt Guinea China Israel Swaziland Congo, Republic of Russia Kazakhstan Iran Afghanistan Yemen Nigeria United Arab Emirates Central African Republic Chad Kuwait Iraq Angola Saudi Arabia -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 Amount of Under-Performance Countries with natural resource wealth and countries afflicted by conflict under-perform. But so do some of the world’s leading industrial nations (e.g. United States, France, Italy). Social Progress Imperative 27 #socialprogress THEMATIC FINDINGS Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress INCOME INEQUALITY DOES NOT EXPLAIN SOCIAL PROGRESS 90 90 85 80 75 Basic Human Needs 85 80 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 75 35 30 25 70 20 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 Gini Coefficient 90 85 80 Foundations of Wellbeing Social Progress Index 65 60 55 50 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 45 20 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 Gini Coefficient 40 90 85 r2 = 0.18 35 80 75 Opportunity 70 30 25 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 20 30 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 (← less equal) Gini Coefficient (more equal →) Social Progress Imperative 29 0.10 0.00 25 20 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 Gini Coefficient #socialprogress POVERTY DOES 90 90 Basic Human Needs 80 80 70 60 50 40 30 70 20 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 0% Poverty Headcount at $2.00/day 80 60 Foundations of Wellbeing Social Progress Index 90 50 70 60 50 40 30 20 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% Poverty Headcount at $2.00/day 40 90 r2 = 0.70 80 Opportunity 70 30 60 50 40 20 30 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Poverty Headcount at $2.00/day Social Progress Imperative 30 20% 10% 0% 20 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Poverty Headcount at $2.00/day #socialprogress EVEN AMONG OECD COUNTRIES 88 Sweden Iceland Canada Denmark New Zealand Netherlands Finland 86 Norway Australia United Kingdom 84 Japan 82 Social Progress Index Switzerland Portugal Estonia 80 Chile 78 Ireland Austria Germany Belgium United States Slovenia Spain Czech Republic France Slovak Republic Korea Poland Italy 76 Hungary 74 Greece Israel 72 70 Poverty Rate 68 Mexico 66 6% 21% Turkey 64 Russia $0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 GDP per capita (PPP) Social Progress Imperative 31 #socialprogress THE SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX OFFERS A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE ON WHICH COUNTRIES NEED THE MOST AID 70 65 Lower Middle Social Progress Social Progress Index 60 55 KHM BGD RWA UGA 50 ZMB BEN BFA MWI SWZ COG IRQ CMR TGO 45 IND LAO MOZ MRT LBR PAK MDG NGA NER Income Group ETH 40 YEM GIN Low income AGO Lower middle income 35 Upper middle income AFG CAF 30 $0 Low Social Progress Very Low Social Progress TCD $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 GNI PPP per capita (2013) Social Progress Imperative 32 #socialprogress